Electrophoresis Systems for Nucleic Acids
... When nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) is dissolved in buffer solution, etc. it has a negative charge. When this solution (sample) is added to agarose gel and electrophoresed in buffer solution for a regulated time, the level of migration shown is in accordance with the size of nucleic acid due to the molecula ...
... When nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) is dissolved in buffer solution, etc. it has a negative charge. When this solution (sample) is added to agarose gel and electrophoresed in buffer solution for a regulated time, the level of migration shown is in accordance with the size of nucleic acid due to the molecula ...
Effects of Salt Concentrations and Bending Energy on the Extent of
... therefore a measure of the stressed state of the DNA, due to both its crowding and bending. It has recently been shown that this force can be determined by experiments in which osmotic pressure is employed to inhibit the ejection (6). The results of these studies are consistent with the predictions ...
... therefore a measure of the stressed state of the DNA, due to both its crowding and bending. It has recently been shown that this force can be determined by experiments in which osmotic pressure is employed to inhibit the ejection (6). The results of these studies are consistent with the predictions ...
Translocation Breakpoints Are Clustered on Both Chromosome 8
... to the normal ones, in agreement with the cytogenetic data showing that most metaphases contain translocated as well as normal chromosomes 8 and 2 1 (Table l), the rearranged EcoRI fragment detected in one patient by the chromosome 8 probe is proportionately much weaker than that detected by the AML ...
... to the normal ones, in agreement with the cytogenetic data showing that most metaphases contain translocated as well as normal chromosomes 8 and 2 1 (Table l), the rearranged EcoRI fragment detected in one patient by the chromosome 8 probe is proportionately much weaker than that detected by the AML ...
siRNA expression vector pRNAT-H1
... 94oC for 30 seconds 55oC for 45 seconds 72oC for 60 seconds (about 1 kb/minute) ...
... 94oC for 30 seconds 55oC for 45 seconds 72oC for 60 seconds (about 1 kb/minute) ...
Identification
... morphology or by appropriate molecular methods. A flow diagram indicating equivalence or combinations of methods is given in Figure **. Growth characteristics in culture and morphology The growth characteristics on agar and morphological features are described in Werres et al. (2001). The most essen ...
... morphology or by appropriate molecular methods. A flow diagram indicating equivalence or combinations of methods is given in Figure **. Growth characteristics in culture and morphology The growth characteristics on agar and morphological features are described in Werres et al. (2001). The most essen ...
Rearrangements in the Human T-Cell-Receptor Â
... disease in a very small proportion (0.01-0.02%) of HTLV-Iinfected individuals (1) imply that additional genetic changes may be required for the onset of the disease. Nonrandom chromosome translocations are a nearly constant feature of human leukemias and lymphomas. In 1985, we reported re arrangemen ...
... disease in a very small proportion (0.01-0.02%) of HTLV-Iinfected individuals (1) imply that additional genetic changes may be required for the onset of the disease. Nonrandom chromosome translocations are a nearly constant feature of human leukemias and lymphomas. In 1985, we reported re arrangemen ...
Molecular Diagnostics 21
... Salt concentration of the hybridization buffer The concentration of denaturant such as formamide in the buffer. The nature of the probe sequence can also impinge on the level of stringency. ...
... Salt concentration of the hybridization buffer The concentration of denaturant such as formamide in the buffer. The nature of the probe sequence can also impinge on the level of stringency. ...
Recombinant DNA
... methods (along with polymerase chain reaction, abbr. PCR) used to direct the replication of any specific DNA sequence chosen by the experimentalist. The fundamental difference between the two methods is that molecular cloning involves replication of the DNA within a living cell, while PCR replicates ...
... methods (along with polymerase chain reaction, abbr. PCR) used to direct the replication of any specific DNA sequence chosen by the experimentalist. The fundamental difference between the two methods is that molecular cloning involves replication of the DNA within a living cell, while PCR replicates ...
Physical Mapping of a 670-kb Region of Chromosomes XVI and XVII
... presence of nonhomologous chromosomes in both bands XVI and XVII. To test this hypothesis, the chromosomal bands XVI and XVII were digested with NotI and hybridized with a T. cruzi telomeric sequence (CCCTAA)3 (Chiurillo et al. 1999). In the case where each chromosomal band would contain two or more ...
... presence of nonhomologous chromosomes in both bands XVI and XVII. To test this hypothesis, the chromosomal bands XVI and XVII were digested with NotI and hybridized with a T. cruzi telomeric sequence (CCCTAA)3 (Chiurillo et al. 1999). In the case where each chromosomal band would contain two or more ...
Construction of recombinant plasmid carrying the λ DNA fragment
... cells is one of the major problems of recombinant DNA research. The stabilization of foreign DNA sequences in the cell can be achieved by integration of these sequences into host chromosome. It may be carried out by means of A vectors containing the genes necessary for stable lysogenization. However ...
... cells is one of the major problems of recombinant DNA research. The stabilization of foreign DNA sequences in the cell can be achieved by integration of these sequences into host chromosome. It may be carried out by means of A vectors containing the genes necessary for stable lysogenization. However ...
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
... (SKY) and Multiplex Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (M-FISH). SKY and M-FISH are molecular cytogenetic techniques that permit the simultaneous visualization of all human chromosomes in different colors, considerably facilitating karyotype analysis. SKY/M-FISH is particularly useful in: mapping of ...
... (SKY) and Multiplex Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (M-FISH). SKY and M-FISH are molecular cytogenetic techniques that permit the simultaneous visualization of all human chromosomes in different colors, considerably facilitating karyotype analysis. SKY/M-FISH is particularly useful in: mapping of ...
LAB 1: Scientific Method/Tools of Scientific Inquiry
... DNA we want to make sure you understand DNA structure , how DNA is copied in cells, and how specific genes are expressed into “gene products”, which for most genes is a specific protein. While it would be good to learn about all these aspects of DNA before learning how to purify and analyze it in th ...
... DNA we want to make sure you understand DNA structure , how DNA is copied in cells, and how specific genes are expressed into “gene products”, which for most genes is a specific protein. While it would be good to learn about all these aspects of DNA before learning how to purify and analyze it in th ...
The legal, social and ethical controversy of the collection and
... cells, tissues, organs, and body [4, p.8]. In short it can be likened to “God’s signature” [6, p.259]. Every single human has a unique composition, save for identical twins who share the same genotype but have subtly different phenotypes. When DNA samples are taken from blood cells, saliva or hair b ...
... cells, tissues, organs, and body [4, p.8]. In short it can be likened to “God’s signature” [6, p.259]. Every single human has a unique composition, save for identical twins who share the same genotype but have subtly different phenotypes. When DNA samples are taken from blood cells, saliva or hair b ...
University of Birmingham Immunolabelling of human metaphase
... from metaphase spreads from each of two donors. (The ten original spreads are shown in Additional file 1). Banding is consistent between sister chromatids, (particularly visible on chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 11 and 12), and from one homologue pair to another (Figure 2). It is noteworthy that the overall p ...
... from metaphase spreads from each of two donors. (The ten original spreads are shown in Additional file 1). Banding is consistent between sister chromatids, (particularly visible on chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 11 and 12), and from one homologue pair to another (Figure 2). It is noteworthy that the overall p ...
Topologically Non-linked Circular Duplex DNA
... 1981). It was first observed in synthetic copolymers. It is not considered to be the structure of purified DNA in solution for any DNA obtained from natural sources, so that the presumption that DNA from natural sources can exist in the left-handed configuration is unproven. Nevertheless, we need to ...
... 1981). It was first observed in synthetic copolymers. It is not considered to be the structure of purified DNA in solution for any DNA obtained from natural sources, so that the presumption that DNA from natural sources can exist in the left-handed configuration is unproven. Nevertheless, we need to ...
Scientific Advisory Board
... • Gradient descent with a fixed step size; searches the solution along a sequence of increasing values of the penalty parameter λ, thus no need to use CV or GCV type criteria to determine λ. • Initial value: all β’s are set to zero • Each iteration modifies just one of the m dimensions, criteria to ...
... • Gradient descent with a fixed step size; searches the solution along a sequence of increasing values of the penalty parameter λ, thus no need to use CV or GCV type criteria to determine λ. • Initial value: all β’s are set to zero • Each iteration modifies just one of the m dimensions, criteria to ...
Solid Tumour Section Mesothelioma: t(14;22)(q32;q12) in mesothelioma Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... The changes are mostly complex, but a number of nonrandom abnormalities have been found involving chromosome arms 1p, 3p, 6q, 9p, and 22q. Studies using comparative genomic hybridization, loss of heterozygosity, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have also shown repeated regional chromoso ...
... The changes are mostly complex, but a number of nonrandom abnormalities have been found involving chromosome arms 1p, 3p, 6q, 9p, and 22q. Studies using comparative genomic hybridization, loss of heterozygosity, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have also shown repeated regional chromoso ...
MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC ANALYSES IN WHEAT AND
... Wheat production is of decisive importance in Hungarian agriculture. In recent years the sowing area of wheat has averaged 1.2 million hectares. Over the last few decades the genetic variability of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has declined substantially and the majority of the wheat varieties ...
... Wheat production is of decisive importance in Hungarian agriculture. In recent years the sowing area of wheat has averaged 1.2 million hectares. Over the last few decades the genetic variability of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has declined substantially and the majority of the wheat varieties ...
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative genomic hybridization is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DNA samples arising from two sources, which are most often closely related, because it is suspected that they contain differences in terms of either gains or losses of either whole chromosomes or subchromosomal regions (a portion of a whole chromosome). This technique was originally developed for the evaluation of the differences between the chromosomal complements of solid tumor and normal tissue, and has an improved resoIution of 5-10 megabases compared to the more traditional cytogenetic analysis techniques of giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which are limited by the resolution of the microscope utilized.This is achieved through the use of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization. In short, this involves the isolation of DNA from the two sources to be compared, most commonly a test and reference source, independent labelling of each DNA sample with a different fluorophores (fluorescent molecules) of different colours (usually red and green), denaturation of the DNA so that it is single stranded, and the hybridization of the two resultant samples in a 1:1 ratio to a normal metaphase spread of chromosomes, to which the labelled DNA samples will bind at their locus of origin. Using a fluorescence microscope and computer software, the differentially coloured fluorescent signals are then compared along the length of each chromosome for identification of chromosomal differences between the two sources. A higher intensity of the test sample colour in a specific region of a chromosome indicates the gain of material of that region in the corresponding source sample, while a higher intensity of the reference sample colour indicates the loss of material in the test sample in that specific region. A neutral colour (yellow when the fluorophore labels are red and green) indicates no difference between the two samples in that location.CGH is only able to detect unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. This is because balanced chromosomal abnormalities such as reciprocal translocations, inversions or ring chromosomes do not affect copy number, which is what is detected by CGH technologies. CGH does, however, allow for the exploration of all 46 human chromosomes in single test and the discovery of deletions and duplications, even on the microscopic scale which may lead to the identification of candidate genes to be further explored by other cytological techniques.Through the use of DNA microarrays in conjunction with CGH techniques, the more specific form of array CGH (aCGH) has been developed, allowing for a locus-by-locus measure of CNV with increased resolution as low as 100 kilobases. This improved technique allows for the aetiology of known and unknown conditions to be discovered.