short_answer_Barcoding_exam_Key
... 36. What happens to the DNA template when put in the spin column? (2) The DNA template also sticks to the silica matrix but because it is so large it does not wash away with the water 37. Outline the process of automated DNA sequencing. (4) COX1 DNA is put in two test tubes (one with forward primers ...
... 36. What happens to the DNA template when put in the spin column? (2) The DNA template also sticks to the silica matrix but because it is so large it does not wash away with the water 37. Outline the process of automated DNA sequencing. (4) COX1 DNA is put in two test tubes (one with forward primers ...
Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology
... recombinant DNA into a bacterial cell called the host cell. Plasmids and viruses – commonly used as ...
... recombinant DNA into a bacterial cell called the host cell. Plasmids and viruses – commonly used as ...
Mutations - TeacherWeb
... What do mutations do to the protein? Are they all bad or all good? The genes in your DNA code for a specific ____________________. The ____________ and ____________ of amino acids will determine the ___________ and _________________ of the protein. The DNA sequence below codes for a protein called ...
... What do mutations do to the protein? Are they all bad or all good? The genes in your DNA code for a specific ____________________. The ____________ and ____________ of amino acids will determine the ___________ and _________________ of the protein. The DNA sequence below codes for a protein called ...
DNA – Structure and Replication
... • The code for a particular protein can be thousands of bases long • Only approx 3% of DNA is thought to actually code for proteins (coding DNA) • The rest (97%) is called non-coding DNA – does not code for any proteins ...
... • The code for a particular protein can be thousands of bases long • Only approx 3% of DNA is thought to actually code for proteins (coding DNA) • The rest (97%) is called non-coding DNA – does not code for any proteins ...
16-17 DNA history Notes (2)
... • In 1950, Erwin Chargaff reported that DNA composition varies from one species to the next • This evidence of diversity made DNA a more credible candidate for the genetic material ...
... • In 1950, Erwin Chargaff reported that DNA composition varies from one species to the next • This evidence of diversity made DNA a more credible candidate for the genetic material ...
Test 2
... both 3'65' and 5'63' exonuclease activity. Relatively low polymerization rate and high Processivity (Falls off the DNA after only a few bases are added). Thought to remove RNA primers and replace the RNA with DNA on the lagging strand of the DNA. DNA Pol II 7 subunits, of which the actual polymerase ...
... both 3'65' and 5'63' exonuclease activity. Relatively low polymerization rate and high Processivity (Falls off the DNA after only a few bases are added). Thought to remove RNA primers and replace the RNA with DNA on the lagging strand of the DNA. DNA Pol II 7 subunits, of which the actual polymerase ...
Genomic In Situ Hybridization (GISH) as a Tool to Identify
... H. maximiliani (2n=34). Root tips collected from 3-week-old seedlings were placed in distilled water at 2 ºC for 18 h. After fixation in 3:1 (v/v) ethanol:glacial acetic acid for 34 h, chromosome spreads were made following the method of Liu et al. (2007). Genomic DNA of wild sunflower species was ...
... H. maximiliani (2n=34). Root tips collected from 3-week-old seedlings were placed in distilled water at 2 ºC for 18 h. After fixation in 3:1 (v/v) ethanol:glacial acetic acid for 34 h, chromosome spreads were made following the method of Liu et al. (2007). Genomic DNA of wild sunflower species was ...
Student Background: How A Microarray Works
... construct buildings. The blueprint is essential to construction, but you can’t sit or eat or learn in a blueprint, you need to build the building for that. That’s where RNA and proteins come in. There’s a saying in molecular biology and it goes “DNA RNA protein.” This statement is sometimes called ...
... construct buildings. The blueprint is essential to construction, but you can’t sit or eat or learn in a blueprint, you need to build the building for that. That’s where RNA and proteins come in. There’s a saying in molecular biology and it goes “DNA RNA protein.” This statement is sometimes called ...
SBI 3U Genetics Review Questions LG #1: DNA
... 2. Identify the structures of adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine. Which nucleotides pair-up? 3. What is the shape of a DNA molecule like? Describe it. 4. How does DNA condense from chromatin form during interphase to the shortened and thickened chromosomes found in metaphase? LG #2: The Cell Cy ...
... 2. Identify the structures of adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine. Which nucleotides pair-up? 3. What is the shape of a DNA molecule like? Describe it. 4. How does DNA condense from chromatin form during interphase to the shortened and thickened chromosomes found in metaphase? LG #2: The Cell Cy ...
Targeted Fluorescent Reporters: Additional slides
... moving DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct nucleotide than an incorrect one because only the correct one can base pair with the template. 11. After nucleotide binding, but before the nucleotide is covalently bonded to the chain, the enzyme undergoes a conformational change and incor ...
... moving DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct nucleotide than an incorrect one because only the correct one can base pair with the template. 11. After nucleotide binding, but before the nucleotide is covalently bonded to the chain, the enzyme undergoes a conformational change and incor ...
Meiosis - BiologyGerlach
... • Amniocentesis– A sample of the amniotic fluid is taken and then the DNA is checked for Chromosomal defects ...
... • Amniocentesis– A sample of the amniotic fluid is taken and then the DNA is checked for Chromosomal defects ...
Polymerase chain reaction
... It is called “polymerase” because the only enzyme used in this reaction is DNA polymerase. It is called “chain” because the products of the first reaction become substrates of the following one, and so on. PCR is a technique which is used to amplify the number of copies of a specific region of DNA ...
... It is called “polymerase” because the only enzyme used in this reaction is DNA polymerase. It is called “chain” because the products of the first reaction become substrates of the following one, and so on. PCR is a technique which is used to amplify the number of copies of a specific region of DNA ...
Chapter 19: Recombinant DNA Technology
... Although recombinant DNA is present in any cell that undergoes crossing-over, sitedirected recombination, or has transposon activity, the ability to duplicate this outside the cell has only been possible since the early 1970s. However, since that time scientists have developed a variety of technique ...
... Although recombinant DNA is present in any cell that undergoes crossing-over, sitedirected recombination, or has transposon activity, the ability to duplicate this outside the cell has only been possible since the early 1970s. However, since that time scientists have developed a variety of technique ...
DNA Restriction and Gel Electrophoresis This laboratory
... use different types of gels that have different pore sizes. In this way, we can choose a gel that will separate DNA (or RNA or protein) fragments of a particular size best. The two types of gels most commonly used are called agarose and acrylamide. How these techniques are often used: 1. DNA Fingerp ...
... use different types of gels that have different pore sizes. In this way, we can choose a gel that will separate DNA (or RNA or protein) fragments of a particular size best. The two types of gels most commonly used are called agarose and acrylamide. How these techniques are often used: 1. DNA Fingerp ...
Transduction
... range of specialized transducing phages with Mu which can be used both in genetic mapping and in mutagenesis. When a normal temperate phage (that is, a nondefective phage) lysogenizes a cell and its DNA is converted to the prophage state, the cell is immune to further infection by the same type of p ...
... range of specialized transducing phages with Mu which can be used both in genetic mapping and in mutagenesis. When a normal temperate phage (that is, a nondefective phage) lysogenizes a cell and its DNA is converted to the prophage state, the cell is immune to further infection by the same type of p ...
L26_ABPG2014
... ectopic site in double-stranded DNA. Inefficient nicking of the antisense strand forms the primer for full-length cDNA synthesis by the RT with completion of intron insertion by DNA repair. The mechanism on the right begins with reverse splicing into the ectopic site at a replication fork. cDNA synt ...
... ectopic site in double-stranded DNA. Inefficient nicking of the antisense strand forms the primer for full-length cDNA synthesis by the RT with completion of intron insertion by DNA repair. The mechanism on the right begins with reverse splicing into the ectopic site at a replication fork. cDNA synt ...
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative genomic hybridization is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DNA samples arising from two sources, which are most often closely related, because it is suspected that they contain differences in terms of either gains or losses of either whole chromosomes or subchromosomal regions (a portion of a whole chromosome). This technique was originally developed for the evaluation of the differences between the chromosomal complements of solid tumor and normal tissue, and has an improved resoIution of 5-10 megabases compared to the more traditional cytogenetic analysis techniques of giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which are limited by the resolution of the microscope utilized.This is achieved through the use of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization. In short, this involves the isolation of DNA from the two sources to be compared, most commonly a test and reference source, independent labelling of each DNA sample with a different fluorophores (fluorescent molecules) of different colours (usually red and green), denaturation of the DNA so that it is single stranded, and the hybridization of the two resultant samples in a 1:1 ratio to a normal metaphase spread of chromosomes, to which the labelled DNA samples will bind at their locus of origin. Using a fluorescence microscope and computer software, the differentially coloured fluorescent signals are then compared along the length of each chromosome for identification of chromosomal differences between the two sources. A higher intensity of the test sample colour in a specific region of a chromosome indicates the gain of material of that region in the corresponding source sample, while a higher intensity of the reference sample colour indicates the loss of material in the test sample in that specific region. A neutral colour (yellow when the fluorophore labels are red and green) indicates no difference between the two samples in that location.CGH is only able to detect unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. This is because balanced chromosomal abnormalities such as reciprocal translocations, inversions or ring chromosomes do not affect copy number, which is what is detected by CGH technologies. CGH does, however, allow for the exploration of all 46 human chromosomes in single test and the discovery of deletions and duplications, even on the microscopic scale which may lead to the identification of candidate genes to be further explored by other cytological techniques.Through the use of DNA microarrays in conjunction with CGH techniques, the more specific form of array CGH (aCGH) has been developed, allowing for a locus-by-locus measure of CNV with increased resolution as low as 100 kilobases. This improved technique allows for the aetiology of known and unknown conditions to be discovered.