Supplementary Information (doc 36K)
... pellet in the tube was then dried for 1-2 hours in a clean bench and finally re-dissolved in 100 μl of Nanopure water (4°C, overnight). The extracted and purified DNA was stored at -20°C. PCR amplification of the V3 region of 16S rDNA gene was performed in two steps to obtain enough DNA for the anal ...
... pellet in the tube was then dried for 1-2 hours in a clean bench and finally re-dissolved in 100 μl of Nanopure water (4°C, overnight). The extracted and purified DNA was stored at -20°C. PCR amplification of the V3 region of 16S rDNA gene was performed in two steps to obtain enough DNA for the anal ...
DNA and Protein Synthesis ppt outline notes 07
... Separating DNA In , DNA fragments travel through a , a porous material. The than the longer lengths. Gel electrophoresis can be used to of different organisms or different individuals. Making Copies is a technique that allows biologists to ...
... Separating DNA In , DNA fragments travel through a , a porous material. The than the longer lengths. Gel electrophoresis can be used to of different organisms or different individuals. Making Copies is a technique that allows biologists to ...
The discovery of the structure and function of the genetic substance
... • Frederick Sanger developed the first automated chemical method to determine the sequence of the four bases A, T, G, C in DNA in Cambridge in 1977 • This process was made much more practical with the introduction of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by Kary Mullis in 1983 that amplifies the amoun ...
... • Frederick Sanger developed the first automated chemical method to determine the sequence of the four bases A, T, G, C in DNA in Cambridge in 1977 • This process was made much more practical with the introduction of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by Kary Mullis in 1983 that amplifies the amoun ...
Research Paper Genotyping the Entire Colony of Transgenic Mice
... of ice. After gathering the materials, first add 5 μL water to a tube. Remember to label the tube accordingly to the DNA you are using. Secondly, with the same tube add 4 μL of DNA, 10 μL of Immomix and add 1 μL of Middle T primer. Next, spin the tubes in the centrifuge. Then, place the tubes in fis ...
... of ice. After gathering the materials, first add 5 μL water to a tube. Remember to label the tube accordingly to the DNA you are using. Secondly, with the same tube add 4 μL of DNA, 10 μL of Immomix and add 1 μL of Middle T primer. Next, spin the tubes in the centrifuge. Then, place the tubes in fis ...
DNA Technology - De Anza College
... But, what new capability does E. coli have? Produces a ‘new’ protein From that gene segment ...
... But, what new capability does E. coli have? Produces a ‘new’ protein From that gene segment ...
Selective propagation of the clones
... be interrupted by insertion of a DNA fragment into the PstI site, and the gene conferring resistance to tetracycline (TcR) can be interrupted by insertion of a DNA fragment into the BamHI site. Use of the TcR and ApR genes allows for easy screening for recombinants carrying inserts of foreign DNA. ...
... be interrupted by insertion of a DNA fragment into the PstI site, and the gene conferring resistance to tetracycline (TcR) can be interrupted by insertion of a DNA fragment into the BamHI site. Use of the TcR and ApR genes allows for easy screening for recombinants carrying inserts of foreign DNA. ...
demonstating sequence-specific cleavage by a restriction enzyme
... Next Smith determined some of the basic characteristics of endonuclease R. He used endonuclease R to digest DNA from the bacteriophage T7, then estimated the number of sites where the DNA was cleaved. He discovered that endonuclease R did not completely degrade T7 DNA, but rather cleaved it at appro ...
... Next Smith determined some of the basic characteristics of endonuclease R. He used endonuclease R to digest DNA from the bacteriophage T7, then estimated the number of sites where the DNA was cleaved. He discovered that endonuclease R did not completely degrade T7 DNA, but rather cleaved it at appro ...
I. The prokaryotic chromosomes A. Kinds of genetic elements in prok
... I. The prokaryotic chromosomes A. Kinds of genetic elements in prok and euks 1. Prok and Euk have chromosomes and plasmids B. Prok. chromosome is usually _________________ (Fig. 16.10) C. Usually only have 1 but number can be more if prok. is growing D. Bacteria chromosome can be replicated througho ...
... I. The prokaryotic chromosomes A. Kinds of genetic elements in prok and euks 1. Prok and Euk have chromosomes and plasmids B. Prok. chromosome is usually _________________ (Fig. 16.10) C. Usually only have 1 but number can be more if prok. is growing D. Bacteria chromosome can be replicated througho ...
D.N.A. activity
... linear quantity of DNA contained within a cell, and within their entire body. Students are challenged to utilize their algebraic skills to calculate the length of DNA, as well as to determine a 'compaction ratio' which should enable them to more fully appreciate the complexity and organization of ce ...
... linear quantity of DNA contained within a cell, and within their entire body. Students are challenged to utilize their algebraic skills to calculate the length of DNA, as well as to determine a 'compaction ratio' which should enable them to more fully appreciate the complexity and organization of ce ...
C H E M I S T R Y
... Analyze genetic variation among humans • The genome is approximately 99.9% identical between individuals of all nationalities and backgrounds. ...
... Analyze genetic variation among humans • The genome is approximately 99.9% identical between individuals of all nationalities and backgrounds. ...
AP Biology: Evolution
... enzyme(s). DNA cut with HindIII provides a set of fragments of known size and serves as a standard for comparison. 2. Using the ideal gel shown in Figure 5, measure the distance (in cm) that each fragment migrated from the origin (the well). (Hint: For consistency, measure from the front end of each ...
... enzyme(s). DNA cut with HindIII provides a set of fragments of known size and serves as a standard for comparison. 2. Using the ideal gel shown in Figure 5, measure the distance (in cm) that each fragment migrated from the origin (the well). (Hint: For consistency, measure from the front end of each ...
What is a chromosome?
... Without histones, the unwound DNA in chromosomes would be very long (a length to width ratio of more than 10 million to 1 in human DNA). For example, each human cell has about 1.8 meters of DNA, but wound on the histones it has about 90 micrometers (0.09 mm) of chromatin, which, when duplicated and ...
... Without histones, the unwound DNA in chromosomes would be very long (a length to width ratio of more than 10 million to 1 in human DNA). For example, each human cell has about 1.8 meters of DNA, but wound on the histones it has about 90 micrometers (0.09 mm) of chromatin, which, when duplicated and ...
(HSV) PCR, CSF
... initial presentation of symptoms. DNA levels may fall to undetectable levels with time. •Specimens grossly contaminated with blood may inhibit the PCR and produce false-negative results. The high sensitivity of amplification by PCR requires the specimen to be processed in an environment in which con ...
... initial presentation of symptoms. DNA levels may fall to undetectable levels with time. •Specimens grossly contaminated with blood may inhibit the PCR and produce false-negative results. The high sensitivity of amplification by PCR requires the specimen to be processed in an environment in which con ...
Name: Chem 465 Biochemistry II - Test 3
... 12. In Chapter 24 you learned that much of the human genetic material consists of transposons. In Chapter 25 you learned that most transposons integrate using a recombination event. In Chapter 26 we learn that most eukariots transposons are retrotransposons. Put these three chapters together; what i ...
... 12. In Chapter 24 you learned that much of the human genetic material consists of transposons. In Chapter 25 you learned that most transposons integrate using a recombination event. In Chapter 26 we learn that most eukariots transposons are retrotransposons. Put these three chapters together; what i ...
2.6 Structure of DNA and RNA
... nucleotides of DNA and RNA, using circles, shape does not need to be shown, but the two pentagons and rectangles to represent phosphates, strands should be shown antiparallel. Adenine pentoses and bases. should be shown paired with thymine and guanine with cytosine, but the relative lengths of the p ...
... nucleotides of DNA and RNA, using circles, shape does not need to be shown, but the two pentagons and rectangles to represent phosphates, strands should be shown antiparallel. Adenine pentoses and bases. should be shown paired with thymine and guanine with cytosine, but the relative lengths of the p ...
BAC vectors (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome)
... BAC vectors (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) The F (fertility) factor is a plasmid that can be mobilized from F+ male bacteria and F- female bacteria. The gene transfer from one to another bacterial cell is called conjugation. The F factor controls its own replication. It has two origins of replica ...
... BAC vectors (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) The F (fertility) factor is a plasmid that can be mobilized from F+ male bacteria and F- female bacteria. The gene transfer from one to another bacterial cell is called conjugation. The F factor controls its own replication. It has two origins of replica ...
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative genomic hybridization is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DNA samples arising from two sources, which are most often closely related, because it is suspected that they contain differences in terms of either gains or losses of either whole chromosomes or subchromosomal regions (a portion of a whole chromosome). This technique was originally developed for the evaluation of the differences between the chromosomal complements of solid tumor and normal tissue, and has an improved resoIution of 5-10 megabases compared to the more traditional cytogenetic analysis techniques of giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which are limited by the resolution of the microscope utilized.This is achieved through the use of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization. In short, this involves the isolation of DNA from the two sources to be compared, most commonly a test and reference source, independent labelling of each DNA sample with a different fluorophores (fluorescent molecules) of different colours (usually red and green), denaturation of the DNA so that it is single stranded, and the hybridization of the two resultant samples in a 1:1 ratio to a normal metaphase spread of chromosomes, to which the labelled DNA samples will bind at their locus of origin. Using a fluorescence microscope and computer software, the differentially coloured fluorescent signals are then compared along the length of each chromosome for identification of chromosomal differences between the two sources. A higher intensity of the test sample colour in a specific region of a chromosome indicates the gain of material of that region in the corresponding source sample, while a higher intensity of the reference sample colour indicates the loss of material in the test sample in that specific region. A neutral colour (yellow when the fluorophore labels are red and green) indicates no difference between the two samples in that location.CGH is only able to detect unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. This is because balanced chromosomal abnormalities such as reciprocal translocations, inversions or ring chromosomes do not affect copy number, which is what is detected by CGH technologies. CGH does, however, allow for the exploration of all 46 human chromosomes in single test and the discovery of deletions and duplications, even on the microscopic scale which may lead to the identification of candidate genes to be further explored by other cytological techniques.Through the use of DNA microarrays in conjunction with CGH techniques, the more specific form of array CGH (aCGH) has been developed, allowing for a locus-by-locus measure of CNV with increased resolution as low as 100 kilobases. This improved technique allows for the aetiology of known and unknown conditions to be discovered.