earthquakes - pjmbilingualsite
... 5. a place where two tectonic plates are moving apart 6. The “fault” labels should be located at the places where the blocks slide past each other. Star should be somewhere along one of the faults. 7. A lot of pressure builds up before the rock breaks. 8. Arrows should be perpendicular to the plate ...
... 5. a place where two tectonic plates are moving apart 6. The “fault” labels should be located at the places where the blocks slide past each other. Star should be somewhere along one of the faults. 7. A lot of pressure builds up before the rock breaks. 8. Arrows should be perpendicular to the plate ...
Earthquakes - St Helens Park Public School
... Earthquakes cannot be predicted - although scientists are working on it! Scientists were convicted in Italy for failing to predict a deadly earthquake. But no one can predict when an earthquake will happen, or how big it will be. There are increased amounts of data, new theories and powerful compute ...
... Earthquakes cannot be predicted - although scientists are working on it! Scientists were convicted in Italy for failing to predict a deadly earthquake. But no one can predict when an earthquake will happen, or how big it will be. There are increased amounts of data, new theories and powerful compute ...
Solutions: Chapter 20 Exercises 1. When the composition is the
... 13. Most of the stress that builds up in the lithospheric plates does so where two (or three) plates are touching—at their boundaries. When the stress reaches a critical threshold, rocks/faults break and earthquakes are generated. 14. Compressional force due to oceanic-continental convergence. 15. C ...
... 13. Most of the stress that builds up in the lithospheric plates does so where two (or three) plates are touching—at their boundaries. When the stress reaches a critical threshold, rocks/faults break and earthquakes are generated. 14. Compressional force due to oceanic-continental convergence. 15. C ...
22_Lectures_PPT
... • Plates move away from one another • As plates move apart, asthenosphere rises and partially melts to form lava —New crust is formed as lava fills in the gaps between plates ...
... • Plates move away from one another • As plates move apart, asthenosphere rises and partially melts to form lava —New crust is formed as lava fills in the gaps between plates ...
Tethyan closure, Andean orogeny, and westward drift of the Pacific
... 2. Net rotation of the Pacific system A tectonic explanation for westward drift is suggested by the absolute motions of trenches, which are found where plates bend and enter the subduction system. Subduction in its most basic form involves a plate following itself into the mantle. Trenches can easily ...
... 2. Net rotation of the Pacific system A tectonic explanation for westward drift is suggested by the absolute motions of trenches, which are found where plates bend and enter the subduction system. Subduction in its most basic form involves a plate following itself into the mantle. Trenches can easily ...
Year 8 Revision Assessment Week 2
... Where two plates move together and the denser oceanic plate is subducted beneath the lighter continental crust eg the east coast of Asia ...
... Where two plates move together and the denser oceanic plate is subducted beneath the lighter continental crust eg the east coast of Asia ...
4.19 MB - GODAC Data Site -NUUNKUI
... km below the seafloor. The red areas represent areas with low transmission velocities; the blue areas, high transmission velocities. Vertically stacking the images for each layer reveals the existence of a low-transmission-velocity, crown-like structure between 600 and 950 km below the seafloor that ...
... km below the seafloor. The red areas represent areas with low transmission velocities; the blue areas, high transmission velocities. Vertically stacking the images for each layer reveals the existence of a low-transmission-velocity, crown-like structure between 600 and 950 km below the seafloor that ...
Evidence for Early Cretaceous oceanic crust trapped in the
... currently observed. However, the correlation of observed pro¢les with a magnetic model is nonunique because the width of the basin is less than 150 km and the number of available N^S magnetic pro¢les is therefore restricted. Moreover, although the E^W orientation of the magnetic lineations in the Hu ...
... currently observed. However, the correlation of observed pro¢les with a magnetic model is nonunique because the width of the basin is less than 150 km and the number of available N^S magnetic pro¢les is therefore restricted. Moreover, although the E^W orientation of the magnetic lineations in the Hu ...
Molnar, P., and C. N. Garzione (2007), Bounds on the viscosity coefficient of continental lithosphere
... before it was removed, is consistent with laboratory experiments on the flow of olivine or eclogite at temperatures that are reasonable for the Altiplano at the time when dense material was removed. [3] We carry out an analysis similar to that of Molnar and Jones [2004], who discussed the average vi ...
... before it was removed, is consistent with laboratory experiments on the flow of olivine or eclogite at temperatures that are reasonable for the Altiplano at the time when dense material was removed. [3] We carry out an analysis similar to that of Molnar and Jones [2004], who discussed the average vi ...
Aseismic zone and earthquake segmentation associated with a
... has survived intact after more than 160 km of subduction. If the coupling between the seamount and overriding plate has been weak throughout its subduction history then this would increase the likelihood of the seamount persisting to depth. Excessive fluid released from thick seamount and fluid-rich ...
... has survived intact after more than 160 km of subduction. If the coupling between the seamount and overriding plate has been weak throughout its subduction history then this would increase the likelihood of the seamount persisting to depth. Excessive fluid released from thick seamount and fluid-rich ...
View/Open - Earth
... place today in the northern Thetis and southern Nereus tips. Basaltic glasses major and trace element composition suggests a rift-to-drift transition marked by magmatic activity with typical MORB signature, with no contamination by continental lithosphere, but with slight differences in mantle sourc ...
... place today in the northern Thetis and southern Nereus tips. Basaltic glasses major and trace element composition suggests a rift-to-drift transition marked by magmatic activity with typical MORB signature, with no contamination by continental lithosphere, but with slight differences in mantle sourc ...
1 Today Plate Tectonics at Work
... Three Plates on a Flat Earth Add third plate C, with plate A subducting under C at rate of 6 cm/yr. To determine relative rate of plate motion at B-C boundary, use vector ...
... Three Plates on a Flat Earth Add third plate C, with plate A subducting under C at rate of 6 cm/yr. To determine relative rate of plate motion at B-C boundary, use vector ...
The Canadian Rockies and Alberta Network (CRANE)
... Figure 7 shows the receiver functions for the available CNSN and CRANE stations after stacking over all azimuths. We convert these time-domain receiver functions to depth based on PREM (Dziewonski and Anderson, 1981), which provides a first-order approximation for the depths of crust and mantle ref ...
... Figure 7 shows the receiver functions for the available CNSN and CRANE stations after stacking over all azimuths. We convert these time-domain receiver functions to depth based on PREM (Dziewonski and Anderson, 1981), which provides a first-order approximation for the depths of crust and mantle ref ...
Composition of the Earth
... Mg # = molar ratio of Mg/(Mg+Fe 2+); Mg # of N-MORB uses 90% total FeO as Fe 2+. f Cr # = molar ratio of Cr/(Cr+Al). a ...
... Mg # = molar ratio of Mg/(Mg+Fe 2+); Mg # of N-MORB uses 90% total FeO as Fe 2+. f Cr # = molar ratio of Cr/(Cr+Al). a ...
The peri-Caribbean ophiolites: structure, tectono
... ABSTRACT. New geological and petrological data on ophiolitic complexes deformed and dismembered along the Caribbean Plate margins are presented in the framework of IGCP 433, in order to contribute to the debate on the origin and evolution of the Caribbean Plate. A “near Mid-America” original locatio ...
... ABSTRACT. New geological and petrological data on ophiolitic complexes deformed and dismembered along the Caribbean Plate margins are presented in the framework of IGCP 433, in order to contribute to the debate on the origin and evolution of the Caribbean Plate. A “near Mid-America” original locatio ...
seismic waves - Gordon State College
... Earth’s Internal Layers: The Mantle • The mantle makes up 82% of Earth’s volume and 65% of Earth’s mass. • The mantle is Earth’s thickest layer—2900 km from top to bottom. • Mantle rock is rich in silicon and oxygen. — It also contains heavier elements, such as iron, magnesium, and calcium. ...
... Earth’s Internal Layers: The Mantle • The mantle makes up 82% of Earth’s volume and 65% of Earth’s mass. • The mantle is Earth’s thickest layer—2900 km from top to bottom. • Mantle rock is rich in silicon and oxygen. — It also contains heavier elements, such as iron, magnesium, and calcium. ...
macpherson_hall_2001 IBM boninites
... magmatism was initiated almost simultaneously throughout this area in the early part of the Middle Eocene and was, for the most part, a very short-lived event [19]. Recent hypotheses for generation of the IBM boninite suite have favoured models in which a high geothermal gradient was achieved throug ...
... magmatism was initiated almost simultaneously throughout this area in the early part of the Middle Eocene and was, for the most part, a very short-lived event [19]. Recent hypotheses for generation of the IBM boninite suite have favoured models in which a high geothermal gradient was achieved throug ...
mountains so high? - Discovery Education
... mechanism behind mountain building: the slow-moving tectonic plates which compose our planet's shell. Students will learn through exciting, full-motion animation that the earth's plates move as a result of movement in the material that makes up the earth's mantle. Plate movement is responsible for c ...
... mechanism behind mountain building: the slow-moving tectonic plates which compose our planet's shell. Students will learn through exciting, full-motion animation that the earth's plates move as a result of movement in the material that makes up the earth's mantle. Plate movement is responsible for c ...
Tectonic Plate Theory Purpose: This lesson will intro
... Title: Tectonic Plate Theory Purpose: This lesson will introduce the concept of the structure of the earth and how the movement of the earth’s layers results in changes in the earth’s surface. Stude ...
... Title: Tectonic Plate Theory Purpose: This lesson will introduce the concept of the structure of the earth and how the movement of the earth’s layers results in changes in the earth’s surface. Stude ...
Plate Tectonic Resources
... Great information on earthquakes; current earthquake activity. Check out the educator’s resources and pages for the general public. Current, recent, and historic earthquake data are available here in map and tabular form. ...
... Great information on earthquakes; current earthquake activity. Check out the educator’s resources and pages for the general public. Current, recent, and historic earthquake data are available here in map and tabular form. ...
The Earth in cross-section: what`s down there and how we know it
... This is the gradient in density determined by the seismic wave velocities. To obtain density, one must integrate by fixing the density, , and gravity, g, at the top of the layer and calculating both and g as one proceeds downwards. The calculation assumes a simple compression of material that d ...
... This is the gradient in density determined by the seismic wave velocities. To obtain density, one must integrate by fixing the density, , and gravity, g, at the top of the layer and calculating both and g as one proceeds downwards. The calculation assumes a simple compression of material that d ...
The Yellowstone Hotspot: Plume or Not?
... Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015 Intraplate hotspots, frequently expressing themselves as age-progressive eruptive centers, have long been attributed to cylindrical plumes of hot, buoyant mantle rising from grea ...
... Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015 Intraplate hotspots, frequently expressing themselves as age-progressive eruptive centers, have long been attributed to cylindrical plumes of hot, buoyant mantle rising from grea ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.