Download Year 8 Revision Assessment Week 2

Revision for Y8 Geography
All of these strategies have been shared during lessons.
1 - Use your exercise book to revise your keywords and definitions from your glossary. Use flash
cards, mnemonics and spelling pyramids for the most difficult words.
Keywords and definitions are available in the student area and are attached below.
2 - Make sure that you remember how to answer questions using PEEL and TEA.
When writing a long answer question use PEEL:
What is it? Make a POINT, support it with EVIDENCE, EXPLAIN how this supports it, LINK to the
title/question/task.
When responding to a graph/map/diagram use TEA
What is it? Trend Evidence Anomaly
How do we do it? There is an example below:
Describe the distribution of volcanoes:
TREND – What pattern is there? They are located in thin belts along the plate boundaries
EVIDENCE – What evidence is there to support this? You should refer to the map (named locations)
/ graph (x and y axis) Eg along the edge of the Pacific Ring of Fire such as Mt Fuji in Japan.
ANOMALY – Are there any examples which do not fit the patter? Eg Hawaii which is located in the
centre of the Pacific Plate.
Here is a graph you could practise with
3 – Make sure you know how to draw an annotated diagram to explain the formation of a tectonic
or hydro-meteorological hazard and can explain its formation.
4 – Make sure you can draw an annotated sketch of the impacts of tectonic or hydro-meteorological
hazards.
5 – You will need to know an example of a tectonic or hydro-meteorological hazard, its causes,
effects and management. Hurricane Sandy is listed below
6 - If you have revision time with your form tutor use BBC bitesize Key Stage 3 to revise the natural
hazards sections
Key Topic Language
Word
Definition/ Notes
Natural hazards
Problems/risks which are naturally occurring eg volcanoes/hurricanes/avalanche
Warm Word
Tectonic plates
Large pieces of the Earth’s crust eg the Pacific Plate
Warm Word
Volcano/Volcanoes
Openings in the Earth’s crust
Warm Word
Earthquake
Vibrations of the Earth’s crust
Warm Word
Plate boundary
Where two (or more) tectonic plates meet
Warm Word
Inner core
The centre of the Earth, 5,500’C, solid iron and nickel
Warm Word
Outer core
The second layer of the Earth, liquid iron and nickel
Warm Word
Mantle
The middle (and largest) layer of the Earth, molten rock
Warm Word
Crust
The hard, outer layer of the Earth
Warm Word
Short term
Things which happen immediately/straight away
Warm Word
Long term
Things which have a longer lasting impact/effect
Warm Word
Fault
A weakness in the rock
Hot Word
Epicentre
The place on the Earth’s crust directly above the focus (the first area to experience the
earthquake)
Hot Word
Focus
The area where the earthquake begins (where the earth’s crust fractures/moves)
Hot Word
Oceanic crust
The type of crust which is thinner, denser, basalt, newer (found under the oceans0
Hot Word
Continental crust
The type of crust which is thicker, lighter, granite, older (found where the land is)
Hot Word
Composite/strato
volcano
Tall, explosive volcanoes (usually at destructive plate boundaries)
Shield volcano
Low, wide volcanoes (usually at constructive plate boundaries)
Hot Word
Ocean trench
Where oceanic crust is forced under (subducted beneath) the crust dips down creating a deep
ridge beneath the ocean.
Hot Word
Magnitude
The size/scale of something
Hot Word
Richter Scale
How earthquakes are measured. (Logarithmic)
Hot Word
Tsunami
A wave caused by an underwater earthquake
Hot Word
Fold mountain
Mountains caused by the collision of tectonic plates, eg the Alps/Himalayas
Scorching Word
Where two plates move apart, eg the Mid Atlantic Ridge
Scorching Word
Where two plates move together and the denser oceanic plate is subducted beneath the lighter
continental crust eg the east coast of Asia
Scorching Word
Where two plates slide past each other eg the west coast of North America
Scorching Word
Constructive plate
boundary
Destructive plate
boundary
Conservative plate
boundary
Collision plate
boundary
Word Level
Hot Word
Plate tectonics
Where two plates collide eg Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasion Plate – where the
Himalayas have been formed
The theory that volcanoes and earthquakes are caused by the movement of the crust due to
convection currents in the mantle
Convection currents
Circular movement created by heat (magma is heated, rises, cools, sinks, repeats)
Scorching Word
Seismic wave
The energy released by earthquakes
Scorching Word
VEI
Volcano Explosivity Index – a scale to compare volcanic eruptions
Scorching Word
Hotspot
An area where a hot plume from the magma has melted the crust above eg Hawaii
Scorching Word
Volcanologist
Someone who studies volcanoes
Scorching Word
Seismologist
Someone who studies earthquakes
Scorching Word
Scorching Word
Scorching Word
Key Topic Language
Word
Definition/ Notes
Word Level
Hydro
To do with water
Warm Word
Meteorology
The study of weather
Warm Word
Hurricane
Rapidly rotating storm with winds of over 74 mph
Warm Word
Impact/effect
Something which happens because of a hazard
Warm Word
Primary
Something which happens immediately (as a direct result of a hazard)
Warm Word
Secondary
Warm Word
Economic
Something which happens later (not as a direct result of a hazard) eg
disease
To do with money, jobs and earning a living
Social
To do with how we live our lives
Warm Word
Environmental
To do with the natural world around us
Warm Word
Political
To do with how something is run/organised/government
Warm Word
Climate change
Where the Earth’s ‘usual’ weather is changing.
Warm Word
Management
Control/reduce the risk of something
Warm Word
Extreme
weather
Weather which is out of the normal expected.
Hot Word
Greenhouse
effect
Where greenhouse gases trap the sun’s heat in the atmosphere and stop it
escaping back out to space. This keeps the Earth at an inhabitable
temperature
Hot Word
Meteorologist
Someone who studies the weather
Hot Word
Tornado
A violently rotating column of air stretching from the clouds to the ground
Hot Word
Correlation
Link/relationship between things
Cyclone
The name of hurricanes in the Indian Ocean
Hot Word
Hot Word
Depression
Low pressure weather system
Hot Word
Typhoon
Enhanced
greenhouse effect
The name of hurricanes in the Pacific
Increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap more heat and the
Earth warms.
Hot Word
Disaster
When a hazard seriously affects humans
Scorching Word
Risk
The likelihood humans will be affected and how severe this will be
Scorching Word
Disaster risk
equation
Risk = hazard (magnitude and frequency) x vulnerability (eg wealth and
population density) Divided by capacity to cope
Whether the population are able to manage the disaster eg search and
rescue, preparedness, medical care
Capacity to cope
Warm Word
Scorching Word
Scorching Word
Scorching Word
Saffir-Simpson
Scale
Scale to measure hurricanes
Scorching Word
F-Scale
Fujita Scale for tornadoes based on the highest amount of damage caused
Scorching Word
Tri-cellular
model
The division of the Earth’s atmosphere into 3 cells above and below the
equator.
Tropical Storm in MEDC: Hurricane Sandy 2012
When?
October 2012
Where?
New York, USA.
What happened?

The cost of repairing the damage was $60 billion

The storm covered 1000 miles in diameter, effecting 24 states

The three main airports were shut for 2 days

The New York Stock Exchange had to close for 2 days
Who?

It killed over 285 people (109 directly)

2 million people were without power
Why did it happen?

The hurricane started in the Caribbean

Wind speeds reached 80mph

There was a large storm surge in New York
Prediction, preparation and response:

50,000 Air Force and National Guard members were on standby

President Obama declared everyone should evacuate – 1 million people did

5,000 flights were cancelled before the storm hit

Bicycles were used in NYC to recharge laptops and mobile phones

The Red Cross offered temporary housing to 11,000 people