Laramide crustal thickening event in the Rocky Mountain Foreland
... and Great Plains at up to 2 km average elevation. The same shear tractions that Brewer et al. [1980] invoked to cause the Wind River range overthrust may also have dragged and transported ductile lower crust from within the Sevier orogen in the Southwest, and emplaced it under ...
... and Great Plains at up to 2 km average elevation. The same shear tractions that Brewer et al. [1980] invoked to cause the Wind River range overthrust may also have dragged and transported ductile lower crust from within the Sevier orogen in the Southwest, and emplaced it under ...
Gravitational constraints Gravity anomalies
... Geoid height anomalies The geoid height varies with respect to the spheroid due to lateral density contrasts At long wavelengths geoid height variations are small implies that the Earth surface is in broad isostatic equilibrium The mantle is not strong, it flows in response to loads in order t ...
... Geoid height anomalies The geoid height varies with respect to the spheroid due to lateral density contrasts At long wavelengths geoid height variations are small implies that the Earth surface is in broad isostatic equilibrium The mantle is not strong, it flows in response to loads in order t ...
2017058 - Geological Society of America
... of the Laramide deforming zone are closer to each other than for lines of projection with other ...
... of the Laramide deforming zone are closer to each other than for lines of projection with other ...
River history and tectonics
... earthquakes, and the presence of the highest terraces above river level in the gorges through the high range. Profile analysis therefore revealed large-scale tectonic activity which, as at New Madrid, seismology had failed to detect because the instrumental record was short and patchy. As the investi ...
... earthquakes, and the presence of the highest terraces above river level in the gorges through the high range. Profile analysis therefore revealed large-scale tectonic activity which, as at New Madrid, seismology had failed to detect because the instrumental record was short and patchy. As the investi ...
Tectonics of the Aegean/Anatolian region
... subsidence seen in the region, including the trench, the uplift of Crete, the subsidence of the Cretan trough, and the uplift of the volcanic arc. They attribute these alternating regions of uplift and subsidence to the flexural response of the plate to the gravitational instability of the oceanic l ...
... subsidence seen in the region, including the trench, the uplift of Crete, the subsidence of the Cretan trough, and the uplift of the volcanic arc. They attribute these alternating regions of uplift and subsidence to the flexural response of the plate to the gravitational instability of the oceanic l ...
Earth`s Structure
... You may wish to use the Teacher Resource: Explaining the Layers KEY as a Gutenberg and Mohorovivic Discontinuities would not be reference. Note: This is intended to be a teacher resource only, so not all information appropriate for Grade 6 students. on the resource needs to be recorded by students. ...
... You may wish to use the Teacher Resource: Explaining the Layers KEY as a Gutenberg and Mohorovivic Discontinuities would not be reference. Note: This is intended to be a teacher resource only, so not all information appropriate for Grade 6 students. on the resource needs to be recorded by students. ...
view as pdf - KITP Online
... - direct sampling to only ~15 km. - eruptive “entrainment” sampling to 200 km, and possibly to 500 km. - mantle plume advection from the base of the mantle (2900 km). If plumes exist. - no bona fide samples yet from the core. ...
... - direct sampling to only ~15 km. - eruptive “entrainment” sampling to 200 km, and possibly to 500 km. - mantle plume advection from the base of the mantle (2900 km). If plumes exist. - no bona fide samples yet from the core. ...
Mobility and immobility of mid-ocean ridges and their
... 1and Figure 2). All ridges appear to be migrating: the East Pacific Rise (EPR) appears to have rotated clockwise for about 50° since 83Ma (Figure 2i). The South Mid Atlantic ...
... 1and Figure 2). All ridges appear to be migrating: the East Pacific Rise (EPR) appears to have rotated clockwise for about 50° since 83Ma (Figure 2i). The South Mid Atlantic ...
V- Diamond Deposits in Kimberlites and Lamproites
... These pipes crosscut a variety of rock types of different ages, but the diamondiferous ones always seem to crosscut old cratons (> 1.5 Ga). The kimberlites and lamproites contain rounded xenoliths of eclogite (type A) and garnet peridotite derived from the mantle. Lamproitic diatremes are shal ...
... These pipes crosscut a variety of rock types of different ages, but the diamondiferous ones always seem to crosscut old cratons (> 1.5 Ga). The kimberlites and lamproites contain rounded xenoliths of eclogite (type A) and garnet peridotite derived from the mantle. Lamproitic diatremes are shal ...
Balancing the force budget of plate tectonics along the Nazca/South
... Chapter 1 Feedback between mountain belt growth and plate convergence [This chapter has been published in Geology, v. 34 (10), p. 893-896] ...
... Chapter 1 Feedback between mountain belt growth and plate convergence [This chapter has been published in Geology, v. 34 (10), p. 893-896] ...
The Grenville Province
... tentacles. Some varieties have a single "snail" shell, which may be curved, straight, or coiled. Others, like the octopus, have no shell. ...
... tentacles. Some varieties have a single "snail" shell, which may be curved, straight, or coiled. Others, like the octopus, have no shell. ...
Crustal thinning of the northern continental margin of the South
... structures of the northern continental margin of the SCS. We have also performed gravity modeling by using a simple four-layer crustal model to understand the geometry of the Moho surface and the crustal thicknesses beneath this transition zone. In general, we can distinguish the crustal structures ...
... structures of the northern continental margin of the SCS. We have also performed gravity modeling by using a simple four-layer crustal model to understand the geometry of the Moho surface and the crustal thicknesses beneath this transition zone. In general, we can distinguish the crustal structures ...
The Mediterranean region—a geological primer
... totalled hundreds of kilometers. Such convergence was accommodated by the subduction of oceanic and partly continental lithosphere (de Jong et al., 1993), as indicated also by the existence of lithospheric slabs beneath the major fossil and modern subduction zones (e.g. Spakman et al., 1993). Unlike ...
... totalled hundreds of kilometers. Such convergence was accommodated by the subduction of oceanic and partly continental lithosphere (de Jong et al., 1993), as indicated also by the existence of lithospheric slabs beneath the major fossil and modern subduction zones (e.g. Spakman et al., 1993). Unlike ...
Mantle-drip magmatism beneath the Altiplano
... and previously published data, we use the most primitive, potentially mantle-derived materials (MgO > 7%, high Ni and Cr concentrations). Chemical and isotopic fingerprints in these mafic volcanics––in addition to the relatively thin lithosphere and high elevation of the modern Altiplano-Puna (Whitm ...
... and previously published data, we use the most primitive, potentially mantle-derived materials (MgO > 7%, high Ni and Cr concentrations). Chemical and isotopic fingerprints in these mafic volcanics––in addition to the relatively thin lithosphere and high elevation of the modern Altiplano-Puna (Whitm ...
The regional tectonic setting and possible causes of Cenozoic
... Range Province (Stewart 1978). The Basin and Range Province formed in the central-western covered an area larger than the younger Basin United States and northwestern Mexico by block and Range Province, the two provinces overlap faulting, some strike-slip faulting, and to a very large degree in the ...
... Range Province (Stewart 1978). The Basin and Range Province formed in the central-western covered an area larger than the younger Basin United States and northwestern Mexico by block and Range Province, the two provinces overlap faulting, some strike-slip faulting, and to a very large degree in the ...
Zoogeography – part 1 - Royal Museum for Central Africa
... The Palearctic region is the largest zoogeographic region and comprises all the temperate portions of the great eastern continents. It includes the terrestrial regions of Europe, Asia north of the Himalaya, North Africa and the northern and central parts of the Arabian peninsula. The region can be d ...
... The Palearctic region is the largest zoogeographic region and comprises all the temperate portions of the great eastern continents. It includes the terrestrial regions of Europe, Asia north of the Himalaya, North Africa and the northern and central parts of the Arabian peninsula. The region can be d ...
Thermal Convection and Viscosity…
... The Earth's outer core is inferred to be mostly liquid iron. Convective flow within the outer core not only brings heat to the core-mantle boundary where some of it is transferred into the mantle, but also causes the Earth's magnetic field by motions of the electrically conductive inner core materia ...
... The Earth's outer core is inferred to be mostly liquid iron. Convective flow within the outer core not only brings heat to the core-mantle boundary where some of it is transferred into the mantle, but also causes the Earth's magnetic field by motions of the electrically conductive inner core materia ...
Water, Life, and Planetary Geodynamical Evolution
... Figure 1 gives a general overview of the direct and indirect interactions of planetary core, mantle, crust, hydrosphere/cryosphere and atmosphere processes with the biosphere for planets with plate tectonics (Earth, and possibly early Mars and early Venus) and for one-plate planets (Mars, Venus). Th ...
... Figure 1 gives a general overview of the direct and indirect interactions of planetary core, mantle, crust, hydrosphere/cryosphere and atmosphere processes with the biosphere for planets with plate tectonics (Earth, and possibly early Mars and early Venus) and for one-plate planets (Mars, Venus). Th ...
Topography and Faults
... layers create breaks (faults) in the earth’s crust. These stresses are caused by things like: • Plate boundary movements • Thermal expansion and contraction • Gravitational forces ...
... layers create breaks (faults) in the earth’s crust. These stresses are caused by things like: • Plate boundary movements • Thermal expansion and contraction • Gravitational forces ...
Use the following list to match to the statements below: Seismic
... tectonic plates slip past one another. This type of tectonic boundary is known as ________________. ANS: Transform 8. Where does the energy that moves tectonic plates around come from, and by what process is this energy generated? ANS: Convection currents within the mantle that are formed due to the ...
... tectonic plates slip past one another. This type of tectonic boundary is known as ________________. ANS: Transform 8. Where does the energy that moves tectonic plates around come from, and by what process is this energy generated? ANS: Convection currents within the mantle that are formed due to the ...
Chapter 11 Section 1
... • To categorize a fold, scientists study the relative ages of the rocks in the fold. • An anticline is a fold in which the oldest layer is in the center of the fold. Anticlines are commonly arch shaped. • A syncline is a fold in which the youngest layer is in the center of the fold. Synclines are co ...
... • To categorize a fold, scientists study the relative ages of the rocks in the fold. • An anticline is a fold in which the oldest layer is in the center of the fold. Anticlines are commonly arch shaped. • A syncline is a fold in which the youngest layer is in the center of the fold. Synclines are co ...
Management can reduce the effects of tectonic hazards.
... • The three p’s are used to try to reduce the impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes. Earthquake warning systems can be used to detect earthquakes but only after an earthquake has begun which will not give enough time for people to prepare and evacuate. As a result this system is Model not effective h ...
... • The three p’s are used to try to reduce the impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes. Earthquake warning systems can be used to detect earthquakes but only after an earthquake has begun which will not give enough time for people to prepare and evacuate. As a result this system is Model not effective h ...
earthquakes
... The different kinds of waves traveled at different speeds. That meant that different kinds of waves spreading outwards from an earthquake with a distant epicenter arrived at the seismograph at different times. Scientists would time the appearance of one kind of wave, then of the next kind, then of ...
... The different kinds of waves traveled at different speeds. That meant that different kinds of waves spreading outwards from an earthquake with a distant epicenter arrived at the seismograph at different times. Scientists would time the appearance of one kind of wave, then of the next kind, then of ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.