Lecture 9: Faint Young Sun Paradox Faint Young Sun Paradox
... theory is: How could the continents drift through the rigid sea floor? ! This problem is answered by the seafloor spreading hypothesis: Continents do not plow through the sea floor. Continents and segments of ocean floor are connected into plates that continuously move away from one another at mid-o ...
... theory is: How could the continents drift through the rigid sea floor? ! This problem is answered by the seafloor spreading hypothesis: Continents do not plow through the sea floor. Continents and segments of ocean floor are connected into plates that continuously move away from one another at mid-o ...
Slide 1
... the edge. Why do these types of convergent boundary make volcanoes while a continent-continent boundary does not? (5 min / 5 pts) Ocean-Ocean and Ocean-Continent boundaries both have oceanic crust as one of the plates ...
... the edge. Why do these types of convergent boundary make volcanoes while a continent-continent boundary does not? (5 min / 5 pts) Ocean-Ocean and Ocean-Continent boundaries both have oceanic crust as one of the plates ...
Composition Once upon a time, billions of years ago
... core, heating up and becoming less dense as it goes. Once it gets hot enough, it begins to rise again. This process continually repeats itself, although one complete cycle takes millions of years to complete. Think of convection currents as a huge lava lamp. When rising current comes at a weaker par ...
... core, heating up and becoming less dense as it goes. Once it gets hot enough, it begins to rise again. This process continually repeats itself, although one complete cycle takes millions of years to complete. Think of convection currents as a huge lava lamp. When rising current comes at a weaker par ...
Evolving Earth: Plate Tectonics - Global Change
... moving plates was the discovery in the 1950s that the Earth's magnetic field has reversed its polarity hundreds of times in the last 100 million years and many more times before that. As lava solidifies at ocean ridges, it becomes magnetized according to the polarity of the Earth's magnetic field wh ...
... moving plates was the discovery in the 1950s that the Earth's magnetic field has reversed its polarity hundreds of times in the last 100 million years and many more times before that. As lava solidifies at ocean ridges, it becomes magnetized according to the polarity of the Earth's magnetic field wh ...
Fundamental discoveries about the growth and recycling of continents
... mantle at subduction zones (see figure). Although the geochemistry of arc-volcanic rocks had suggested the possibility, in the late 1960s, at the beginning of scientific ocean drilling, the subduction zones were thought to be where material was added to the terrestrial-sphere. The notion that terres ...
... mantle at subduction zones (see figure). Although the geochemistry of arc-volcanic rocks had suggested the possibility, in the late 1960s, at the beginning of scientific ocean drilling, the subduction zones were thought to be where material was added to the terrestrial-sphere. The notion that terres ...
Earth Science Project: Three Dimensional Model of
... following: the mid-ocean ridge, all major tectonic plates and directional arrows indicating the plates movement, the San Andreas fault and the Pacific Ring of Fire. 6. In an essay tell me the significance of tectonic plates. Why are they constantly moving? When two tectonic plates collide, what does ...
... following: the mid-ocean ridge, all major tectonic plates and directional arrows indicating the plates movement, the San Andreas fault and the Pacific Ring of Fire. 6. In an essay tell me the significance of tectonic plates. Why are they constantly moving? When two tectonic plates collide, what does ...
Benchmark 3 Science Study Guide S6E5 A
... 1.Describe how lithospheric plates move at a transform boundary. The lithospheric plates slide past one another and create severe earthquakes. -----------------------------------------------------------------2. What geologic event occurs at a transform boundary? SEVERE EARTHQUAKES ...
... 1.Describe how lithospheric plates move at a transform boundary. The lithospheric plates slide past one another and create severe earthquakes. -----------------------------------------------------------------2. What geologic event occurs at a transform boundary? SEVERE EARTHQUAKES ...
Environmental Science
... Mohorovičić Discontinuity - The Moho The Moho: Image of Earth's internal structure by USGS - Mohorovicic Discontinuity (red line) added by Geology.com. What is the Mohorovičić Discontinuity? The Mohorovicic Discontinuity, or "Moho," is the boundary between the crust and the mantle. The red line in t ...
... Mohorovičić Discontinuity - The Moho The Moho: Image of Earth's internal structure by USGS - Mohorovicic Discontinuity (red line) added by Geology.com. What is the Mohorovičić Discontinuity? The Mohorovicic Discontinuity, or "Moho," is the boundary between the crust and the mantle. The red line in t ...
Mapping the Ocean Floor
... The abyssal plain, which is the deepest, most level part of the ocean, is found where the continental rise ends, at a depth of about 4 kilometers. The abyssal plain is dotted with thousands of small, extinct volcanoes ...
... The abyssal plain, which is the deepest, most level part of the ocean, is found where the continental rise ends, at a depth of about 4 kilometers. The abyssal plain is dotted with thousands of small, extinct volcanoes ...
Layers of the Earth
... • Made up of nickel and iron, which makes this layer magnetic and very dense • Thickness: 3500 km • Divided into layers – Outer Core: liquid – Inner Core: solid ...
... • Made up of nickel and iron, which makes this layer magnetic and very dense • Thickness: 3500 km • Divided into layers – Outer Core: liquid – Inner Core: solid ...
Layers of the Earth
... The asthenosphere is the layer of Earth that lies at a depth 100–250 km beneath Earth's surface. The asthenosphere gets its name from the Greek word for weak, asthenis, because of the relatively fragile nature of the materials of which it is made. It lies in the upper portion of Earth's structure tr ...
... The asthenosphere is the layer of Earth that lies at a depth 100–250 km beneath Earth's surface. The asthenosphere gets its name from the Greek word for weak, asthenis, because of the relatively fragile nature of the materials of which it is made. It lies in the upper portion of Earth's structure tr ...
Plate Tectonics - Earth Science Teachers` Association
... Conservative plate margins are those where two plates slide past each other, without subduction occuring. The best known example is the San Andreas Fault on the west coast of North America, passing through San Francisco and Los Angeles, where earthquakes can be destructive. Draw a sketch of PT 1 p 1 ...
... Conservative plate margins are those where two plates slide past each other, without subduction occuring. The best known example is the San Andreas Fault on the west coast of North America, passing through San Francisco and Los Angeles, where earthquakes can be destructive. Draw a sketch of PT 1 p 1 ...
Quiz # 1 Chapters 1 and 2
... Junction) that forms after the initial stages of continental rifting. 3. Pieces of old subducted ocean plates are recycled in the __________. 4. Hot spots move much more slowly than the overlying _______. 5. The speed of tectonic plate movement varies from plate to plate in the range of 1 to 10 ____ ...
... Junction) that forms after the initial stages of continental rifting. 3. Pieces of old subducted ocean plates are recycled in the __________. 4. Hot spots move much more slowly than the overlying _______. 5. The speed of tectonic plate movement varies from plate to plate in the range of 1 to 10 ____ ...
EARTHQUAKES - City University of New York
... Earthquake Distribution and Plate Tectonics • Most of the great earthquakes (M>7.5) occur at active plate boundaries: • 1) active convergent plate boundary (c.p.b.) • 2) active transform plate boundary ...
... Earthquake Distribution and Plate Tectonics • Most of the great earthquakes (M>7.5) occur at active plate boundaries: • 1) active convergent plate boundary (c.p.b.) • 2) active transform plate boundary ...
continental-drift
... moving away from the mantle hotspot, in kilometers per million years? A) 1 B) 10 C) 100 D) 1,000 24. Approximately how far has location X moved from its original location over the hotspot? A) 3,600 km ...
... moving away from the mantle hotspot, in kilometers per million years? A) 1 B) 10 C) 100 D) 1,000 24. Approximately how far has location X moved from its original location over the hotspot? A) 3,600 km ...
The Layer`s Of The Earth!
... dotted line around the very edge of the circle. This is the lithosphere. • The lithosphere is composed of part of the crust and the upper part of the mantle (the top 100 km). • It is composed of hard, brittle rock ...
... dotted line around the very edge of the circle. This is the lithosphere. • The lithosphere is composed of part of the crust and the upper part of the mantle (the top 100 km). • It is composed of hard, brittle rock ...
plate tectonics - Math/Science Nucleus
... Understanding the movement and behavior of the Earth's outermost layers has been a painstakingly long scientific process. The theory of plate tectonics is our current “best explanation” and working model. Plate tectonic theory has developed slowly and progressively since it was developed in the 1960 ...
... Understanding the movement and behavior of the Earth's outermost layers has been a painstakingly long scientific process. The theory of plate tectonics is our current “best explanation” and working model. Plate tectonic theory has developed slowly and progressively since it was developed in the 1960 ...
unit 2 earth history - possible test questions
... 35. “Magnetic polarity stripes” (magnetic reversals) are ______ on both sides of the mid-oceanic ridge. 36. Where are the deep sea trenches located? 37. What is the name of the deepest submarine trench? 38. Compare the age of basalt at the oceanic ridge to its age at the edge far from the ridge. 39. ...
... 35. “Magnetic polarity stripes” (magnetic reversals) are ______ on both sides of the mid-oceanic ridge. 36. Where are the deep sea trenches located? 37. What is the name of the deepest submarine trench? 38. Compare the age of basalt at the oceanic ridge to its age at the edge far from the ridge. 39. ...
S 15 Formation of Islands (new)
... http://www.math.montana.edu/~nmp/materials/ess/geosphere/advanced/activities/hotspots/index.html ...
... http://www.math.montana.edu/~nmp/materials/ess/geosphere/advanced/activities/hotspots/index.html ...
Earth
... Cycles take ~108 years. Plates form lithosphere (crust and solid upper mantle). Partially melted, circulating part of mantle is asthenosphere. ...
... Cycles take ~108 years. Plates form lithosphere (crust and solid upper mantle). Partially melted, circulating part of mantle is asthenosphere. ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.