Lecture 9b: Upper Mantle Structure and Composition
... knowledge of layering is recent (late 1800s); prior to that, only knew interior must be hot (volcanoes) ...
... knowledge of layering is recent (late 1800s); prior to that, only knew interior must be hot (volcanoes) ...
HISTORY OF THE OCEANS
... – Other materials come from the earth’s interior. Most of these are release into the ocean at hydrothermal vents. ...
... – Other materials come from the earth’s interior. Most of these are release into the ocean at hydrothermal vents. ...
Long term geomagnetic variations and whole
... The geomagnetic field is generated by the convection of molten metal in the Earth’s outer core that is itself controlled by heat flowing across the core-mantle boundary. It has long been suspected that palaeomagneticallyobserved variations in geomagnetic behaviour occurring over tens to hundreds of ...
... The geomagnetic field is generated by the convection of molten metal in the Earth’s outer core that is itself controlled by heat flowing across the core-mantle boundary. It has long been suspected that palaeomagneticallyobserved variations in geomagnetic behaviour occurring over tens to hundreds of ...
Continental Margins
... Continental shelf Continental slope Continental rise Submarine canyons ...
... Continental shelf Continental slope Continental rise Submarine canyons ...
Earth System - Earth`s Structure
... 7. Which of the following statements about the Earth's inner core is true? a. It's mostly made of iron b. It's mostly made of nickel c. It's mostly made of cadmium d. It's mostly made of magnesium 8. What is the only entirely liquid layer of the earth? a. The upper mantle b. The outer core c. The in ...
... 7. Which of the following statements about the Earth's inner core is true? a. It's mostly made of iron b. It's mostly made of nickel c. It's mostly made of cadmium d. It's mostly made of magnesium 8. What is the only entirely liquid layer of the earth? a. The upper mantle b. The outer core c. The in ...
Name:
... Inside Earth ESRT Practice 1. Base your answer to the following question on the Earth Science Reference Table and on your knowledge of Earth Science Which statement most accurately compares Earth's crust and Earth's mantle? 1. The crust is thinner and less dense than 3. The crust is thicker and less ...
... Inside Earth ESRT Practice 1. Base your answer to the following question on the Earth Science Reference Table and on your knowledge of Earth Science Which statement most accurately compares Earth's crust and Earth's mantle? 1. The crust is thinner and less dense than 3. The crust is thicker and less ...
Earthquakes and volcanoes
... plates that “float” on the mantle. They are less dense than oceanic plates. 4. Tsunami wave created by an underwater earthquake 5. Tectonic where two boundary tectonic plates meet. 6. Convergent/destructive where two plates meet, oceanic margin plate is subducted below continental to form volcanoes/ ...
... plates that “float” on the mantle. They are less dense than oceanic plates. 4. Tsunami wave created by an underwater earthquake 5. Tectonic where two boundary tectonic plates meet. 6. Convergent/destructive where two plates meet, oceanic margin plate is subducted below continental to form volcanoes/ ...
Timeline for Core Geology
... that the Earth has had at least one ice age 1862 - Lord Kelvin attempts to find the age of the Earth by examining its cooling time and estimates that the Earth is between 20 - 400 million years old 1903 - George Darwin and John Joly claim that radioactivity is partially responsible for the Earth's h ...
... that the Earth has had at least one ice age 1862 - Lord Kelvin attempts to find the age of the Earth by examining its cooling time and estimates that the Earth is between 20 - 400 million years old 1903 - George Darwin and John Joly claim that radioactivity is partially responsible for the Earth's h ...
Egzamin pisemny z języka angielskiego na certyfikat dla studentów
... Confirmation of this idea of a two-layered lithosphere comes from the new knowledge of isostatic equilibrium. Dutton, an American geologist, in 1889 gave the name of isostasy to “that condition of equilibrium of figure to which gravity tends to reduce a planetary body, irrespective of whether it is ...
... Confirmation of this idea of a two-layered lithosphere comes from the new knowledge of isostatic equilibrium. Dutton, an American geologist, in 1889 gave the name of isostasy to “that condition of equilibrium of figure to which gravity tends to reduce a planetary body, irrespective of whether it is ...
Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics Test Review
... There are few volcanoes in the Himalayas because it is a continentalcontinental plate boundary that results in uplift with little or no subduction zone to create volcanoes. There are also no hot spots in the Himalayas to create volcanoes. Earthquake Reason: There are many earthquakes in the Himalaya ...
... There are few volcanoes in the Himalayas because it is a continentalcontinental plate boundary that results in uplift with little or no subduction zone to create volcanoes. There are also no hot spots in the Himalayas to create volcanoes. Earthquake Reason: There are many earthquakes in the Himalaya ...
Oceanic plate region
... This movement causes stress on the Earth’s crust! Sometimes, the stress builds and an earthquake occurs. These boundaries push or pull the Earth so much that it causes cracks to form in the crust called faults! You will learn more about faults later on. ...
... This movement causes stress on the Earth’s crust! Sometimes, the stress builds and an earthquake occurs. These boundaries push or pull the Earth so much that it causes cracks to form in the crust called faults! You will learn more about faults later on. ...
CH. 12 Notes
... Continental plate rides up over the denser oceanic plate Subduction – the denser plate gets pushed down into the mantle Subduction Zone ...
... Continental plate rides up over the denser oceanic plate Subduction – the denser plate gets pushed down into the mantle Subduction Zone ...
Thermal Convection
... and brings heat to the boundary between the core and the mantle where some of it is transferred into the mantle. Temperatures are hot enough in the upper mantle ( 1200 C) to cause thermal convection of the highly viscous upper mantle rocks, although it flows very slowly – approximately one cm/yr. Th ...
... and brings heat to the boundary between the core and the mantle where some of it is transferred into the mantle. Temperatures are hot enough in the upper mantle ( 1200 C) to cause thermal convection of the highly viscous upper mantle rocks, although it flows very slowly – approximately one cm/yr. Th ...
GEOL 101 Lab 2: Plate Tectonics
... magnetic anomaly patterns? 14. The theory of seafloor spreading, which is part of plate tectonics theory, predicts that plates spread away from divergent plate boundaries at close to equal rates on either side of the ridge. If that is true for the Juan de Fuca Ridge, then the two lines on your graph ...
... magnetic anomaly patterns? 14. The theory of seafloor spreading, which is part of plate tectonics theory, predicts that plates spread away from divergent plate boundaries at close to equal rates on either side of the ridge. If that is true for the Juan de Fuca Ridge, then the two lines on your graph ...
Origin of the Universe
... 40. Describe what happened to the Earth during its first 10 – 15 million years. 41. How long ago did the Earth begin forming continents like we see today? Earth in Orbit 42. What is the difference between a revolution and a rotation of the Earth? 43. How long does it take for the Earth to complete 1 ...
... 40. Describe what happened to the Earth during its first 10 – 15 million years. 41. How long ago did the Earth begin forming continents like we see today? Earth in Orbit 42. What is the difference between a revolution and a rotation of the Earth? 43. How long does it take for the Earth to complete 1 ...
How old is our Earth
... 31. Breaking of rocks along parallel sheet like layers is known as ____ A) Spheroidal weathering *B) exfoliation C) Frost wedging D) None of the above 32. Which of the following events indicate an impending volcanic eruption? A) Change in the composition of gases coming out of hot springs and fumero ...
... 31. Breaking of rocks along parallel sheet like layers is known as ____ A) Spheroidal weathering *B) exfoliation C) Frost wedging D) None of the above 32. Which of the following events indicate an impending volcanic eruption? A) Change in the composition of gases coming out of hot springs and fumero ...
Why does Venus lack a magnetic field?
... Core Heat Flux and Convection • planetary magnetic fields are produced by motion in a planet’s iron core; the motion is due to either thermal convection or compositional convection (driven by core solidification) • maximum heat flux than can be extracted from the core without thermal convection is: ...
... Core Heat Flux and Convection • planetary magnetic fields are produced by motion in a planet’s iron core; the motion is due to either thermal convection or compositional convection (driven by core solidification) • maximum heat flux than can be extracted from the core without thermal convection is: ...
Practice11t
... 2. An __________ is the inactive arm of a three-branched fracture (Triple Junction) that forms after the initial stages of continental rifting. 3. Pieces of old subducted ocean plates are recycled in the __________. 4. Hot spots move much more slowly than the overlying _______. 5. The speed of tecto ...
... 2. An __________ is the inactive arm of a three-branched fracture (Triple Junction) that forms after the initial stages of continental rifting. 3. Pieces of old subducted ocean plates are recycled in the __________. 4. Hot spots move much more slowly than the overlying _______. 5. The speed of tecto ...
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... ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: -What features of Earth’s crust do convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries form? -What land features formed by the movement of tectonic plates can be observed using images from space? ...
... ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: -What features of Earth’s crust do convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries form? -What land features formed by the movement of tectonic plates can be observed using images from space? ...
9.3 Actions at Plate Boundaries
... ridges, our planet is not growing larger. Earth’s total surface area remains the same. How can that be? To accommodate the newly created lithosphere, older portions of oceanic plates return to the mantle along convergent plate boundaries. Because lithosphere is “destroyed” at convergent boundaries, ...
... ridges, our planet is not growing larger. Earth’s total surface area remains the same. How can that be? To accommodate the newly created lithosphere, older portions of oceanic plates return to the mantle along convergent plate boundaries. Because lithosphere is “destroyed” at convergent boundaries, ...
Chapter 22 Vocabulary ReviewA Directions: Complete this sheet
... This plate motion creates new sea floor. This happens along the San Andreas fault in California. When two land plates collide, the result is this: Trenches and deep earthquakes occur along this type of plate boundary. Happening in East Africa Causes crustal thinning, earthquakes, and volcanoes to fo ...
... This plate motion creates new sea floor. This happens along the San Andreas fault in California. When two land plates collide, the result is this: Trenches and deep earthquakes occur along this type of plate boundary. Happening in East Africa Causes crustal thinning, earthquakes, and volcanoes to fo ...
plate tectonics
... • Scientists have developed the theory of plate tectonics to explain how forces deep within Earth can cause ocean floors to spread and continents to move. • This theory describes the lithosphere as being made of huge plates of solid rock. • The Earth’s continents rest on these plates. • The almost- ...
... • Scientists have developed the theory of plate tectonics to explain how forces deep within Earth can cause ocean floors to spread and continents to move. • This theory describes the lithosphere as being made of huge plates of solid rock. • The Earth’s continents rest on these plates. • The almost- ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.