ECG
... The pulse travels to the AV node which is located within the interatrial septum. It than proceeds to the AV bundle (Bundle of His). The bundle of His then divides into the left and right bundle branches. Each branch travels down the septum. At the apex, the branches called purkinje fibers transverse ...
... The pulse travels to the AV node which is located within the interatrial septum. It than proceeds to the AV bundle (Bundle of His). The bundle of His then divides into the left and right bundle branches. Each branch travels down the septum. At the apex, the branches called purkinje fibers transverse ...
Introduction to fetal echo
... through a fetal bypass called the ductus and arrive directly into the descending aorta. Since the lungs are not ventilated in utero, passing through them would not oxygenate blood, and only about 10% of the pulmonary circulation perfuses the lungs. Of course the separation of the inferior and superi ...
... through a fetal bypass called the ductus and arrive directly into the descending aorta. Since the lungs are not ventilated in utero, passing through them would not oxygenate blood, and only about 10% of the pulmonary circulation perfuses the lungs. Of course the separation of the inferior and superi ...
An Analysis of the Mechanical Disadvantage of Myocardial Infarction
... compensation by increased end-diastolic volumes and pressures. On the other hand, the role of infarct size and infarct stiffness is still not clear. Experiments with artificially constructed aneurysms in the canine ventricle (Tyson et al., 1962; Ausbpn et al., 1962), although demonstrating that the ...
... compensation by increased end-diastolic volumes and pressures. On the other hand, the role of infarct size and infarct stiffness is still not clear. Experiments with artificially constructed aneurysms in the canine ventricle (Tyson et al., 1962; Ausbpn et al., 1962), although demonstrating that the ...
Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction During Exercise in Normal
... by other investigators", 12 that RVEF at rest is not a sensitive indicator of the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and bears no relationship to the degree of right coronary artery narrowing. As with the left ventricle, functional abnormalities of the right ventricle may be seen under circum ...
... by other investigators", 12 that RVEF at rest is not a sensitive indicator of the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and bears no relationship to the degree of right coronary artery narrowing. As with the left ventricle, functional abnormalities of the right ventricle may be seen under circum ...
Scientech 2138A AT Manual
... A natural pacemaker generates electrical impulses at regular rate. To initiate the heartbeat the action potentials generated by the natural pacemaker or S.A. node gets propagated in all directions along the surface of both atria and Atrioventricular Node. This spreads throughout the right and left a ...
... A natural pacemaker generates electrical impulses at regular rate. To initiate the heartbeat the action potentials generated by the natural pacemaker or S.A. node gets propagated in all directions along the surface of both atria and Atrioventricular Node. This spreads throughout the right and left a ...
Is the time constant of the pulmonary circulation truly constant?
... I read with great interest the recent article by DELCROIX et al. [1] on vascular and right ventricular remodelling in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). I found it very informative; however, I would like to comment on some of the statements that were made. In relation to pulmonar ...
... I read with great interest the recent article by DELCROIX et al. [1] on vascular and right ventricular remodelling in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). I found it very informative; however, I would like to comment on some of the statements that were made. In relation to pulmonar ...
T The Basics of Neonatal EKG Interpretation C
... EKG paper measures two elements: time and voltage.’ In Changes occur in the normal EKG during the first minutes, routine EKG interpretation, the recording speed of the paper hours, days, weeks, and months of life.4 The major changes is 25 mm (about I inch) per second. (If the speed is any slowtake p ...
... EKG paper measures two elements: time and voltage.’ In Changes occur in the normal EKG during the first minutes, routine EKG interpretation, the recording speed of the paper hours, days, weeks, and months of life.4 The major changes is 25 mm (about I inch) per second. (If the speed is any slowtake p ...
Chronic vagus nerve stimulation improves left ventricular function in
... the progression of heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could prevent left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction in a canine HF model induced by chronic mitral regurgitation (MR). Methods and results: After the MR inducing procedure, 12 survived canine ...
... the progression of heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could prevent left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction in a canine HF model induced by chronic mitral regurgitation (MR). Methods and results: After the MR inducing procedure, 12 survived canine ...
left ventricular endocardial longitudinal and transverse changes during
... were time related to each phase of the cardiac cycle defined from the aortic and LV pressure curves. The end of diastole was defined as the point of increasing LV pressure trace (dP/dt ⬎ 0). The end of IVC was defined as the beginning of ejection at the crossing point of the LV and aortic pressure c ...
... were time related to each phase of the cardiac cycle defined from the aortic and LV pressure curves. The end of diastole was defined as the point of increasing LV pressure trace (dP/dt ⬎ 0). The end of IVC was defined as the beginning of ejection at the crossing point of the LV and aortic pressure c ...
BiPACS Accomplishments - UCLA Department of Surgery
... ventricular function during cardiac surgery. J Card Surg 24: 585-590, 2009. Eberhardt F, Heringlake M, Massalme MS, et al. The effect of biventricular pacing after coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective randomized trial of different pacing modes in patients with reduced left ventricular func ...
... ventricular function during cardiac surgery. J Card Surg 24: 585-590, 2009. Eberhardt F, Heringlake M, Massalme MS, et al. The effect of biventricular pacing after coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective randomized trial of different pacing modes in patients with reduced left ventricular func ...
Heart Rate in Relation to Insulin Sensitivity and
... been proposed as a global index of the autonomic nervous system influence on the heart. Hyperinsulinism has been shown to trigger sympathetic activity experimentally; however, the clinical and epidemiological data on the association of heart rate with hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance are confl ...
... been proposed as a global index of the autonomic nervous system influence on the heart. Hyperinsulinism has been shown to trigger sympathetic activity experimentally; however, the clinical and epidemiological data on the association of heart rate with hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance are confl ...
Ejection Fraction by Radionuclide Angiocardiography
... thus including a portion of the aortic arch. Based on the results, a semiannular ROI was used for assessing background activity, while site and extent of the LV ROI were altered in the same six patients (fig. 6). Ejection fractions tended to be too high (averaging 0.67 ± 0.11) when the LV ROI was to ...
... thus including a portion of the aortic arch. Based on the results, a semiannular ROI was used for assessing background activity, while site and extent of the LV ROI were altered in the same six patients (fig. 6). Ejection fractions tended to be too high (averaging 0.67 ± 0.11) when the LV ROI was to ...
Analysis of LeftVentricular Pressure During Isovolumic
... the results of coronary arteriography and effects of pacing. Group 1 included nine patients with normal coronary arteries who did not have pain or produce lactate on pacing. Group' 2 included nine patients with coronary artery disease in whom pacing did not provoke angina' or lactate production. Gro ...
... the results of coronary arteriography and effects of pacing. Group 1 included nine patients with normal coronary arteries who did not have pain or produce lactate on pacing. Group' 2 included nine patients with coronary artery disease in whom pacing did not provoke angina' or lactate production. Gro ...
Chapter_011
... A catheter is used to measure the pressure in the chambers of the heart, to take blood samples, and to view obstructions in the vessels. A tube is inserted through the blood vessels into the heart. Dye is then released and traced using x-ray ...
... A catheter is used to measure the pressure in the chambers of the heart, to take blood samples, and to view obstructions in the vessels. A tube is inserted through the blood vessels into the heart. Dye is then released and traced using x-ray ...
SECTION 2
... 4. After applying the ECG leads to a patient with chest pain, you look at the cardiac monitor and note that all of the complexes are inverted. What has MOST likely happened? A. The patient is experiencing a dysrhythmia Rationale: Dysrhythmias appear as unusual looking wave forms — not inverted. B. T ...
... 4. After applying the ECG leads to a patient with chest pain, you look at the cardiac monitor and note that all of the complexes are inverted. What has MOST likely happened? A. The patient is experiencing a dysrhythmia Rationale: Dysrhythmias appear as unusual looking wave forms — not inverted. B. T ...
2016 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update on New Pharmacological
... Relationships With Industry and Other Entities—The ACC and AHA exclusively sponsor the work of guideline writing committees without commercial support, and members volunteer time for this activity. Selected organizations and professional societies with related interests and expertise are invited to ...
... Relationships With Industry and Other Entities—The ACC and AHA exclusively sponsor the work of guideline writing committees without commercial support, and members volunteer time for this activity. Selected organizations and professional societies with related interests and expertise are invited to ...
NOCSAE Proposed Chest Protector Standard for Commotio Cordis
... Commotio cordis, a heart rhythm disruption caused by a blow to the chest, is one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac death in athletes. The condition is an episode of ventricular fibrillation induced by a direct blow to the chest over the heart during a specific portion of the heart’s electrical ...
... Commotio cordis, a heart rhythm disruption caused by a blow to the chest, is one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac death in athletes. The condition is an episode of ventricular fibrillation induced by a direct blow to the chest over the heart during a specific portion of the heart’s electrical ...
Preserved ventricular contractility in infarcted mouse - AJP
... specific overexpression of 2-adrenergic receptors (2-AR) on the development of heart failure (HF) were studied in wildtype (WT) and transgenic (TG) mice following myocardial infarction (MI) by coronary artery occlusion. Animals were studied by echocardiography at weeks 7 to 8 and by catheterizatio ...
... specific overexpression of 2-adrenergic receptors (2-AR) on the development of heart failure (HF) were studied in wildtype (WT) and transgenic (TG) mice following myocardial infarction (MI) by coronary artery occlusion. Animals were studied by echocardiography at weeks 7 to 8 and by catheterizatio ...
Atorvastatin Slows the Progression of Cardiac Remodeling
... The aim of this study was to investigate whether atorvastatin inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation in cardiomyocytes in vitro and slows the progression of cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload in mice. Either atorvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was orally administe ...
... The aim of this study was to investigate whether atorvastatin inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation in cardiomyocytes in vitro and slows the progression of cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload in mice. Either atorvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was orally administe ...
Successful Weight Reduction Improves Left Ventricular Diastolic
... distribution toward the more extreme ends of obesity, given an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is associated with excess adiposity.1-4) One associated finding is an impairment of cardiac performance leading to myocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction and clinical ...
... distribution toward the more extreme ends of obesity, given an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is associated with excess adiposity.1-4) One associated finding is an impairment of cardiac performance leading to myocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction and clinical ...
How much of the intra-aortic balloon volume is displaced towards
... The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) provides mechanical support to the heart, both in the surgical setting pre-, post- and intra-operatively and in the medical setting in clinical conditions such as cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarction or unstable angina (1-5). It is also often used as a bridge ...
... The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) provides mechanical support to the heart, both in the surgical setting pre-, post- and intra-operatively and in the medical setting in clinical conditions such as cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarction or unstable angina (1-5). It is also often used as a bridge ...
Linking left ventricular function and mural architecture: what does
... value for any particular depth within the wall, the same sequence generated an array of circumferential strains. We show such an analysis in figure 2, in which we used a nominal diastolic epicardial diameter of 55 mm. Two series were used, one with a diastolic mural thickness of 9 mm, and one of 12 m ...
... value for any particular depth within the wall, the same sequence generated an array of circumferential strains. We show such an analysis in figure 2, in which we used a nominal diastolic epicardial diameter of 55 mm. Two series were used, one with a diastolic mural thickness of 9 mm, and one of 12 m ...
Assessment of pulmonary artery pressure by echocardiography—A
... healthy subjects [34,35]. This increase occurs early during loaded exercise making it amenable to measurement. TR Vmax measured PASP of N45 mmHg or a rise of N20 mmHg during low-intensity exercise (while not exceeding a cardiac output of 10 l/min) is diagnostic for latent PHT with moderate sensitivi ...
... healthy subjects [34,35]. This increase occurs early during loaded exercise making it amenable to measurement. TR Vmax measured PASP of N45 mmHg or a rise of N20 mmHg during low-intensity exercise (while not exceeding a cardiac output of 10 l/min) is diagnostic for latent PHT with moderate sensitivi ...
Jugular Venous Pulse: Window into the Right Heart
... pulsations are more readily seen than the internal jugular vein during its course across the sternocleidomastoid muscle.3,4 This method may be limited in the obese patient in whom visualization of the vein is often obscured by increased soft tissue mass and in critically ill patients.5 In others, ki ...
... pulsations are more readily seen than the internal jugular vein during its course across the sternocleidomastoid muscle.3,4 This method may be limited in the obese patient in whom visualization of the vein is often obscured by increased soft tissue mass and in critically ill patients.5 In others, ki ...
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.