Heart rate variability - European Society of Cardiology
... system and cardiovascular mortality, including sudden cardiac death[1–4]. Experimental evidence for an association between a propensity for lethal arrhythmias and signs of either increased sympathetic or reduced vagal activity has encouraged the development of quantitative markers of autonomic activ ...
... system and cardiovascular mortality, including sudden cardiac death[1–4]. Experimental evidence for an association between a propensity for lethal arrhythmias and signs of either increased sympathetic or reduced vagal activity has encouraged the development of quantitative markers of autonomic activ ...
Contractile properties of thermally acclimated trout heart
... In mammals, atrial systole occurs immediately before ventricular systole and thus allows atrial contraction to augment the volume of blood in the ventricles at end-diastole when ventricular volume determines the strength of the ventricular contraction. The important timing of atrial systole is made ...
... In mammals, atrial systole occurs immediately before ventricular systole and thus allows atrial contraction to augment the volume of blood in the ventricles at end-diastole when ventricular volume determines the strength of the ventricular contraction. The important timing of atrial systole is made ...
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
... 6.6 Prinzmetal angina pectoris .......................................................................................................................... 86 7.0 ECG changes caused by the electrolyte disturbances ..................................................................................... 88 ...
... 6.6 Prinzmetal angina pectoris .......................................................................................................................... 86 7.0 ECG changes caused by the electrolyte disturbances ..................................................................................... 88 ...
Changes in Intracellular Na+ following Enhancement of Late Na+
... the size of this INa-L can be significant, sometimes reaching approximately 1–3% of the peak Na+ current in human ventricle myocytes. This finding, when considered in conjunction with the fact that the INa-L generates a net Na+ influx for almost the entire duration (150–200 msec) of the cardiac acti ...
... the size of this INa-L can be significant, sometimes reaching approximately 1–3% of the peak Na+ current in human ventricle myocytes. This finding, when considered in conjunction with the fact that the INa-L generates a net Na+ influx for almost the entire duration (150–200 msec) of the cardiac acti ...
Fibrosing mediastinitis as a rare mechanism of pulmonary oedema in sarcoidosis
... obstruction [10–13]. This happened in three of 64 patients (4.6%) with fibrosing mediastinitis in the study by SCHOWENGERDT et al. [11]. Clinical manifestations include cough, progressive respiratory distress and haemoptysis. This pattern of symptoms has been called the ‘‘the pseudomitral stenosis s ...
... obstruction [10–13]. This happened in three of 64 patients (4.6%) with fibrosing mediastinitis in the study by SCHOWENGERDT et al. [11]. Clinical manifestations include cough, progressive respiratory distress and haemoptysis. This pattern of symptoms has been called the ‘‘the pseudomitral stenosis s ...
Pericardial Disease - Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists
... output. Additionally, the increased intrathoracic pressures during IPPV inspiration expels blood from the pulmonary veins into the LA and thus augments left heart filling and output 4. The changes of transatrioventricular valvular velocities are termed respirophasic variation. Figure 2a – Spontaneou ...
... output. Additionally, the increased intrathoracic pressures during IPPV inspiration expels blood from the pulmonary veins into the LA and thus augments left heart filling and output 4. The changes of transatrioventricular valvular velocities are termed respirophasic variation. Figure 2a – Spontaneou ...
Origination and Development of Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial
... maintenance of blood vessel tone. SNS activation results in increased cardiac contraction, increased heart rate, increased systolic blood pressure and decreased diastolic pressure. Catecholamines at low concentrations are beneficial in regulating heart function by exerting a positive inotropic actio ...
... maintenance of blood vessel tone. SNS activation results in increased cardiac contraction, increased heart rate, increased systolic blood pressure and decreased diastolic pressure. Catecholamines at low concentrations are beneficial in regulating heart function by exerting a positive inotropic actio ...
Electrocardiographic Changes During Exercise in Acute Hypoxia
... Background—The goals of this study were to compare ECG at moderate exercise in normoxia and hypoxia at the same heart rate, to provide evidence of independent predictors of hypoxia-induced ECG changes, and to evaluate ECG risk factors of severe high-altitude illness. Methods and Results—A total of 4 ...
... Background—The goals of this study were to compare ECG at moderate exercise in normoxia and hypoxia at the same heart rate, to provide evidence of independent predictors of hypoxia-induced ECG changes, and to evaluate ECG risk factors of severe high-altitude illness. Methods and Results—A total of 4 ...
8 Heart Murmurs Part II
... low-frequency diastolic murmur. The murmur will sound quite similar to the diastolic rumble of mitral stenosis and is best heard at the apex. This is called the Austin Flint murmur (4,22–26). That the Austin Flint murmur is a sign of severe aortic regurgitation can in fact be proven by improving for ...
... low-frequency diastolic murmur. The murmur will sound quite similar to the diastolic rumble of mitral stenosis and is best heard at the apex. This is called the Austin Flint murmur (4,22–26). That the Austin Flint murmur is a sign of severe aortic regurgitation can in fact be proven by improving for ...
Tamponade and Pericardial Diseases
... • Inferior vena cava (IVC) plethora (dilated IVC with < 50% inspiratory reduction in diameter near the IVC-RA junction; this a sensitive (97%) but nonspecific indicator of tamponade) Note that Doppler evaluation of tamponade physiology in spontaneously breathing patients can also provide useful info ...
... • Inferior vena cava (IVC) plethora (dilated IVC with < 50% inspiratory reduction in diameter near the IVC-RA junction; this a sensitive (97%) but nonspecific indicator of tamponade) Note that Doppler evaluation of tamponade physiology in spontaneously breathing patients can also provide useful info ...
Exercise-induced intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting in healthy
... given by MIGET can be attributed to diffusion limitation. With the use of this technique, significant amounts of diffusion limitation, up to two-thirds of the total A-aDO2, have been predicted at metabolic rates as low as 2.0 l/min (19, 55). However, it is unlikely that a diffusion limitation would ...
... given by MIGET can be attributed to diffusion limitation. With the use of this technique, significant amounts of diffusion limitation, up to two-thirds of the total A-aDO2, have been predicted at metabolic rates as low as 2.0 l/min (19, 55). However, it is unlikely that a diffusion limitation would ...
Basic ECG Rhythm Interpretation
... chambers, an atrium and a ventricle. The thick walled ventricles are the larger pumping chambers that expel blood from the heart with each beat (contraction or systole.) The relatively thin-walled atria function as collecting and loading chambers. The atria hold blood being returned to the heart dur ...
... chambers, an atrium and a ventricle. The thick walled ventricles are the larger pumping chambers that expel blood from the heart with each beat (contraction or systole.) The relatively thin-walled atria function as collecting and loading chambers. The atria hold blood being returned to the heart dur ...
The impact of age on cardiac excitation
... heart, even in the absence of overt cardiovascular disease.1 Left ventricular wall thickness increases with age in the human heart.1 This occurs even though the total number of viable ventricular myocytes actually declines with age because the remaining cells hypertrophy.1,2 Increased accumulation o ...
... heart, even in the absence of overt cardiovascular disease.1 Left ventricular wall thickness increases with age in the human heart.1 This occurs even though the total number of viable ventricular myocytes actually declines with age because the remaining cells hypertrophy.1,2 Increased accumulation o ...
Left ventricular twist and untwist rate provide reliable measures of
... 2005). LV systolic function was assessed by EF, end-systolic pressure, maximum rate of pressure change (dP/ dtmax), dP/dtmax/EDV, a sensitive isovolumic phase measure of LV contractility (Kass et al. 1989), and Emax, the slope of the end-systolic PV relationship (Suga et al. 1973). As a measure of a ...
... 2005). LV systolic function was assessed by EF, end-systolic pressure, maximum rate of pressure change (dP/ dtmax), dP/dtmax/EDV, a sensitive isovolumic phase measure of LV contractility (Kass et al. 1989), and Emax, the slope of the end-systolic PV relationship (Suga et al. 1973). As a measure of a ...
Pulmonary Venous Anomalies
... failure to thrive. Cyanosis is mild because of adequate mixing of blood. Gradually they develop right heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiac failure in most patients prior to 6 months of age. (Hepatomegaly is always present and peripheral edema is present in about half of the cas ...
... failure to thrive. Cyanosis is mild because of adequate mixing of blood. Gradually they develop right heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiac failure in most patients prior to 6 months of age. (Hepatomegaly is always present and peripheral edema is present in about half of the cas ...
the PDF - Heart Rhythm Society
... (Table 1), “Primary Statements,” displays 117 primary diagnostic statements under 14 categories. The majority of the primary statements are nondescriptive and convey clinical meaning without additional statements. The second listing (Table 2), “Secondary Statements,” provides additional statements t ...
... (Table 1), “Primary Statements,” displays 117 primary diagnostic statements under 14 categories. The majority of the primary statements are nondescriptive and convey clinical meaning without additional statements. The second listing (Table 2), “Secondary Statements,” provides additional statements t ...
chronic congestive heart failure.
... were corrected to 20° C and to water as a solvent by the standard formula (15). A value of 0.728 was used for the partial specific volume of myosin. Diffusion measurements were made in an Aminco model B electrophoresis apparatus at 6° C, using carefully selected cells and the Raleigh interferometer ...
... were corrected to 20° C and to water as a solvent by the standard formula (15). A value of 0.728 was used for the partial specific volume of myosin. Diffusion measurements were made in an Aminco model B electrophoresis apparatus at 6° C, using carefully selected cells and the Raleigh interferometer ...
coronary flow in a perfused rainbow trout heart
... coronary VSM adrenoceptors. Saline injections (50[i\ containing 0, 0-01, 0-1 and 1-0/imoll"1 L-adrenaline-HCl) were made into the coronary cannula. The maximum concentration of the adrenaline injection exceeded the maximum plasma level found in trout following stressful exercise (0'05/imolP 1 ; Prim ...
... coronary VSM adrenoceptors. Saline injections (50[i\ containing 0, 0-01, 0-1 and 1-0/imoll"1 L-adrenaline-HCl) were made into the coronary cannula. The maximum concentration of the adrenaline injection exceeded the maximum plasma level found in trout following stressful exercise (0'05/imolP 1 ; Prim ...
Left atrial myxoma with aortic regurgitation - Heart
... (Fig. 1B) was subsequently interpreted as being the result of the aortic regurgitation (Winsberg et al., 1970) though on its own this would be insufficient to make the diagnosis. Aortic regurgitation was definitely present, however, as shown by root aortography (Fig. 2A and 2B), which was performed ...
... (Fig. 1B) was subsequently interpreted as being the result of the aortic regurgitation (Winsberg et al., 1970) though on its own this would be insufficient to make the diagnosis. Aortic regurgitation was definitely present, however, as shown by root aortography (Fig. 2A and 2B), which was performed ...
MURMURS AND DYNAMIC AUSCULTATION By Dr Ankur
... maneuvers that result in increasing degrees of outflow tract obstruction, such as a reduction in preload or afterload (Valsalva, standing, vasodilators) or to an augmentation of contractility (inotropic stimulation). Maneuvers that increase preload (squatting, passive leg raising, volume administrat ...
... maneuvers that result in increasing degrees of outflow tract obstruction, such as a reduction in preload or afterload (Valsalva, standing, vasodilators) or to an augmentation of contractility (inotropic stimulation). Maneuvers that increase preload (squatting, passive leg raising, volume administrat ...
Haemodynamics in Essential Hypertension
... normal in essential hypertension. However, recently it has been shown that even in patients with moderate hypertension without clinical signs of heart failure, there is often an increase in the pulmonary artery pressure as well, and vascular resistance is increased both in the pulmonary and the syst ...
... normal in essential hypertension. However, recently it has been shown that even in patients with moderate hypertension without clinical signs of heart failure, there is often an increase in the pulmonary artery pressure as well, and vascular resistance is increased both in the pulmonary and the syst ...
Unusual RighttoLeft Shunt by SingleSided Bilateral Inferior Vena Cava
... circumaortic (left) renal vein, retroaortic (left) renal vein and the absence of the hepatic portion of the IVC.9 Duplications of the IVC constitutes the major portion having a prevalence of 2–3%.10,11 The double IVC in the presented case is considered as a single sided, whereas from the most cases ...
... circumaortic (left) renal vein, retroaortic (left) renal vein and the absence of the hepatic portion of the IVC.9 Duplications of the IVC constitutes the major portion having a prevalence of 2–3%.10,11 The double IVC in the presented case is considered as a single sided, whereas from the most cases ...
The Hand1 and Hand2 transcription factors regulate
... left ventricular chambers (Thomas et al., 1998). Targeted mutation of Hand2 in mice results in lethality at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) from right ventricular hypoplasia and vascular malformations (Srivastava et al., 1997; Yamagishi et al., 2000). By contrast, Hand1 is expressed in segments of the li ...
... left ventricular chambers (Thomas et al., 1998). Targeted mutation of Hand2 in mice results in lethality at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) from right ventricular hypoplasia and vascular malformations (Srivastava et al., 1997; Yamagishi et al., 2000). By contrast, Hand1 is expressed in segments of the li ...
Special Report
... such as systolic and diastolic heart failure, valvular heart disease, and myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cigarette smoking.6,8,11–13 Subclinical markers indicating increased AF risk include increased arterial stiffness14 ...
... such as systolic and diastolic heart failure, valvular heart disease, and myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cigarette smoking.6,8,11–13 Subclinical markers indicating increased AF risk include increased arterial stiffness14 ...
Heart Disease - John Appleton
... a heart attack or stroke at any moment. And that’s understandable. After all, it’s your heart we’re talking about—you can’t live without it. The statistics certainly aren’t going to help your outlook, either. You may have heard that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one killer of both men a ...
... a heart attack or stroke at any moment. And that’s understandable. After all, it’s your heart we’re talking about—you can’t live without it. The statistics certainly aren’t going to help your outlook, either. You may have heard that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one killer of both men a ...
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.