Adult Type Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from Pulmonary Artery
... A 43 year old male hypertensive since two years and known chronic smoker was evaluated for history of class II effort angina over previous two months. Physical examination was within normal limits except for blood pressure, which was 156/108 mm of Hg in right upper arm in supine position. X-ray ches ...
... A 43 year old male hypertensive since two years and known chronic smoker was evaluated for history of class II effort angina over previous two months. Physical examination was within normal limits except for blood pressure, which was 156/108 mm of Hg in right upper arm in supine position. X-ray ches ...
Print - Circulation
... A syndrome consisting of obesity, somnolence, cyanosis, periodic breathing, and polycythemia, with congestive heart failure has been observed in 6 patients. The effect of weight reduction and the mechanisms responsible for the symptoms and signs are discussed. ...
... A syndrome consisting of obesity, somnolence, cyanosis, periodic breathing, and polycythemia, with congestive heart failure has been observed in 6 patients. The effect of weight reduction and the mechanisms responsible for the symptoms and signs are discussed. ...
Ventricular Premature Contractions in the Athlete
... - is not triggered by exercise - occurs without a short R-R interval - there is no family history of sudden death ...
... - is not triggered by exercise - occurs without a short R-R interval - there is no family history of sudden death ...
Lecture07 RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE
... and MRI are particularly useful for assessing thickening of the pericardium, whereas echocardiography is poor in this regard. It is unusual to be able to diagnose a pericardial effusion from the plain chest radiograph. Indeed, a patient may have sufficient pericardial fluid to cause life-threatening ...
... and MRI are particularly useful for assessing thickening of the pericardium, whereas echocardiography is poor in this regard. It is unusual to be able to diagnose a pericardial effusion from the plain chest radiograph. Indeed, a patient may have sufficient pericardial fluid to cause life-threatening ...
N1120 Test Blueprint
... d. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 18. An elderly patient with a 40-pack-year history of smoking and a recent myocardial infarction is admitted to the medical unit with acute shortness of breath; the nurse needs to rule out pneumonia versus heart failure. The diagnostic test that the nurse will ...
... d. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 18. An elderly patient with a 40-pack-year history of smoking and a recent myocardial infarction is admitted to the medical unit with acute shortness of breath; the nurse needs to rule out pneumonia versus heart failure. The diagnostic test that the nurse will ...
Understanding Preload
... defined as the maximum degree of myocardial fiber stretch or tension before ventricular contraction, determined by the mean sarcomere length at the end of diastole. Since sarcomere length cannot be determined in the intact heart, other indices of preload such as ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV ...
... defined as the maximum degree of myocardial fiber stretch or tension before ventricular contraction, determined by the mean sarcomere length at the end of diastole. Since sarcomere length cannot be determined in the intact heart, other indices of preload such as ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV ...
the heart - Cloudfront.net
... – Great cardiac vein: in the anterior interventricular sulcus – Middle cardiac vein: in the posterior interventricular sulcus – Small cardiac vein: running along the heart’s right inferior margin – Additionally, several anterior cardiac veins empty directly into the right atrium anteriorly ...
... – Great cardiac vein: in the anterior interventricular sulcus – Middle cardiac vein: in the posterior interventricular sulcus – Small cardiac vein: running along the heart’s right inferior margin – Additionally, several anterior cardiac veins empty directly into the right atrium anteriorly ...
Patent ductus arteriosus - Medical Ultrasonography
... high. This leads to a right heart volume overload, causing resistance pulmonary hypertension (PHT). Eventually, the Eisenmenger syndrome occurs, representing the final stage of all cardiopathies with left-to-right shunt, when the patient becomes cyanotic due to the shunt’s right-to-left reinversion. ...
... high. This leads to a right heart volume overload, causing resistance pulmonary hypertension (PHT). Eventually, the Eisenmenger syndrome occurs, representing the final stage of all cardiopathies with left-to-right shunt, when the patient becomes cyanotic due to the shunt’s right-to-left reinversion. ...
The small giraffe heart normalises ventricular wall tension, but
... 2006; Brøndum et al., 2009). In a series of legendary studies on the influences of posture and gravity on the cardiovascular systems of giraffes, Goetz and colleagues reported that the high MAP is achieved by virtue of an exceptionally large heart (Goetz, 1955). This intuitively appealing notion bec ...
... 2006; Brøndum et al., 2009). In a series of legendary studies on the influences of posture and gravity on the cardiovascular systems of giraffes, Goetz and colleagues reported that the high MAP is achieved by virtue of an exceptionally large heart (Goetz, 1955). This intuitively appealing notion bec ...
Quantification of left ventricular function and mass in heart transplant
... Bland-Altman analysis showed acceptable limits of agreement and minimal bias, suggesting that data derived from DSCT may be used as an estimate of left ventricular parameters. As already demonstrated by previous studies [32, 33], we also observed equivalent quantification of left ventricular mass wi ...
... Bland-Altman analysis showed acceptable limits of agreement and minimal bias, suggesting that data derived from DSCT may be used as an estimate of left ventricular parameters. As already demonstrated by previous studies [32, 33], we also observed equivalent quantification of left ventricular mass wi ...
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and Takotsubo syndrome
... Recognition of acute dynamic LVOT obstruction as the initial mechanism in some patients with Takotsubo syndrome has important clinical and therapeutic implications, as the ...
... Recognition of acute dynamic LVOT obstruction as the initial mechanism in some patients with Takotsubo syndrome has important clinical and therapeutic implications, as the ...
The Treadmill Test—Where To Stop and What Does It Mean?*
... The heart rate response during exercise has been demonstrated to reflect cardiac function. For example, when the heart rate does not rise adequately in response to a given workload, the patient is either a conditioned athlete whose exercise capacity is far above the established norms, or the patient ...
... The heart rate response during exercise has been demonstrated to reflect cardiac function. For example, when the heart rate does not rise adequately in response to a given workload, the patient is either a conditioned athlete whose exercise capacity is far above the established norms, or the patient ...
Liver function tests in patients with acute heart failure
... abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) in population with AHF. Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with AHF, in whom the fol‑ lowing LFTs were performed on admission: serum bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and albumin. Abnormal L ...
... abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) in population with AHF. Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with AHF, in whom the fol‑ lowing LFTs were performed on admission: serum bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and albumin. Abnormal L ...
Aging and the Cardiovascular System
... 85% in the third decade to 70% in the ninth.24 Roughly 30% of men and 45% of women over the age of 60 years achieve an increase in EF of <5% during maximum exercise, an indication that is often used for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease.24 Thus, old people are characterized by a higher restric ...
... 85% in the third decade to 70% in the ninth.24 Roughly 30% of men and 45% of women over the age of 60 years achieve an increase in EF of <5% during maximum exercise, an indication that is often used for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease.24 Thus, old people are characterized by a higher restric ...
The Treadmill Test—Where To Stop and What Does It Mean?*
... The heart rate response during exercise has been demonstrated to reflect cardiac function. For example, when the heart rate does not rise adequately in response to a given workload, the patient is either a conditioned athlete whose exercise capacity is far above the established norms, or the patient ...
... The heart rate response during exercise has been demonstrated to reflect cardiac function. For example, when the heart rate does not rise adequately in response to a given workload, the patient is either a conditioned athlete whose exercise capacity is far above the established norms, or the patient ...
CPR Anytime
... • About 75 percent to 80 percent of all out-ofhospital cardiac arrests happen at home, so being trained to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can mean the difference between life and death for a loved one. ...
... • About 75 percent to 80 percent of all out-ofhospital cardiac arrests happen at home, so being trained to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can mean the difference between life and death for a loved one. ...
Influence of ejection fraction on outcomes and efficacy of
... NYHA functional class did not differ by EF. Patients with higher EF were more likely to have reduced diastolic blood pressure, although systolic blood pressure did not differ. Patients with higher ejection fraction were less likely to be on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin recepto ...
... NYHA functional class did not differ by EF. Patients with higher EF were more likely to have reduced diastolic blood pressure, although systolic blood pressure did not differ. Patients with higher ejection fraction were less likely to be on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin recepto ...
Derived copy of Heart Anatomy
... a framework of collagenous bers, plus the blood vessels that supply the myocardium and the nerve bers that help regulate the heart. It is the contraction of the myocardium that pumps blood through the heart and into the major arteries. The muscle pattern is elegant and complex, as the muscle cells ...
... a framework of collagenous bers, plus the blood vessels that supply the myocardium and the nerve bers that help regulate the heart. It is the contraction of the myocardium that pumps blood through the heart and into the major arteries. The muscle pattern is elegant and complex, as the muscle cells ...
System and method of AV interval selection in an implantable
... tricles are expanded or stretched somewhat. As the muscular contraction occurs in response to depolarization, the ?uid pressure within the ventricles increases and causes the tricus ...
... tricles are expanded or stretched somewhat. As the muscular contraction occurs in response to depolarization, the ?uid pressure within the ventricles increases and causes the tricus ...
Adverse Effects of Combination Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
... searched for eligible RCTs that included 500 or more subjects, had a follow-up of 3 months or longer, and reported adverse effects. We used a random effects model to calculate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the following outcome measures: medication discontinuations beca ...
... searched for eligible RCTs that included 500 or more subjects, had a follow-up of 3 months or longer, and reported adverse effects. We used a random effects model to calculate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the following outcome measures: medication discontinuations beca ...
Heart anatomy notes
... Blood from left atrium passes to left ventricle through left atrioventricular (AV) valve A two-cusped bicuspid valve or mitral valve Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Blood from left atrium passes to left ventricle through left atrioventricular (AV) valve A two-cusped bicuspid valve or mitral valve Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Congenital Heart Diseases
... blood pressure gradient (20 mmHg) is significant CoA – radio-femoral pulse delay – suprasternal thrill, vascular murmur in the back, or continuous murmurs (due to collateral vessels). – chest X-ray findings may include rib notching of the third and fourth ribs from collaterals, ectatic ascending aor ...
... blood pressure gradient (20 mmHg) is significant CoA – radio-femoral pulse delay – suprasternal thrill, vascular murmur in the back, or continuous murmurs (due to collateral vessels). – chest X-ray findings may include rib notching of the third and fourth ribs from collaterals, ectatic ascending aor ...
High-resolution reconstruction of the beating zebrafish heart
... (b) Same heart as in a, stopped via optogenetics and imaged with higher magnification and longer exposure time. Inset shows enlarged detail of sarcomeres (arrowheads). (c) Front and side views of a 48-h.p.f. embryo (Tg(myl7:GFP, gata1a: DsRed)) imaged with movie-stack synchronization (left) and ETL- ...
... (b) Same heart as in a, stopped via optogenetics and imaged with higher magnification and longer exposure time. Inset shows enlarged detail of sarcomeres (arrowheads). (c) Front and side views of a 48-h.p.f. embryo (Tg(myl7:GFP, gata1a: DsRed)) imaged with movie-stack synchronization (left) and ETL- ...
Sudden death: managing the patient who survives
... although 10e15% of them are due to recurrent events. The prevention of a life threatening arrhythmic event in patients who survive a CA is referred to as ‘secondary prevention’. However, since sustained VT can also be lethal, prevention of SCD in patients who already had sustained VT (even if the VT ...
... although 10e15% of them are due to recurrent events. The prevention of a life threatening arrhythmic event in patients who survive a CA is referred to as ‘secondary prevention’. However, since sustained VT can also be lethal, prevention of SCD in patients who already had sustained VT (even if the VT ...
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.