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HYPERTENSION
HYPERTENSION

... your blood vessels increases, so does the pressure on your artery walls.  II – PHYSICAL INACTIVITY. People who are inactive tend to have higher heart rates. The higher your heart rate, the harder your heart must work with each contraction — and the stronger the force on your arteries. Lack of physi ...
Anti-remodelling Therapy (cont…)
Anti-remodelling Therapy (cont…)

... through analysis of each individual’s pathophysiology, risk factors, and genetic predisposition. ...
Post-exercise heart rate recovery: an index of cardiovascular fitness
Post-exercise heart rate recovery: an index of cardiovascular fitness

... Endurance capacity is an individual’s ability to perform exercise at both submaximal and maximal intensities as demonstrated either by the ability to exercise longer at a similar workload or by increasing the workload attained at a given heart rate (1). Increased endurance capacity has been shown to ...
1. What is Heart Failure? The term "heart failure" makes it sound like
1. What is Heart Failure? The term "heart failure" makes it sound like

... 2. What are the signs and symptoms of Heart Failure? By themselves, the signs of heart failure may not be cause for alarm. But if you haven’t been diagnosed with heart failure and you have more than one of these symptoms, report them to a healthcare professional and ask for an evaluation of your hea ...
Case
Case

...  Think about the clinical context; may not even need the tracing  Look for patterns that fit the clinical situation  Dissect the EKG in your usual systematic way ...
GP guide for the investigation of patients with
GP guide for the investigation of patients with

... • A baseline Echo is important for long-term management (such as in younger patients) • For suspected underlying structural or functional heart disease (failure or murmur) that would influence management, such as choice of antiarrhythmic drug • Needed to help with stratifying stroke risk for antithr ...
Cardiology
Cardiology

...  Think about the clinical context; may not even need the tracing  Look for patterns that fit the clinical situation  Dissect the EKG in your usual systematic way ...
Coronary Artery Disease, TMT. - journal of evolution of medical and
Coronary Artery Disease, TMT. - journal of evolution of medical and

... and postmenopausal status were the most common associated risk factors. DISCUSSION Coronary artery disease is one of the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.2 Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance states, syndrome X, obstructive sleep apno ...
congestive heart failure (chf)
congestive heart failure (chf)

... Provider’s guide to diagnose and code CHF Congestive Heart Failure is a chronic complex clinical syndrome which prevents filling or emptying of blood from the heart. CHF is caused by either a structural (valvular or congenital) and/or a dysfunctional (myocardial infarction) anomaly. The most frequen ...
Pattern of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants of Diabetic Mother
Pattern of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants of Diabetic Mother

... present immediately following delivery with decreased cardiac output, respiratory distress and other symptoms of cardiac failure requiring aggressive medical therapy. Most series have reported spontaneous resolution in survivors within 4 - 6 months but there are reports of patients continuing to hav ...


... exposures (in the field as compared with in the office). Intra-individual variability is usually related to laboratory errors or other conditions, or exposures unique to the individual. Group variability is also encountered, but this is often the desired outcome of a study. While measurement error i ...
Update in Heart Failure
Update in Heart Failure

... A At high risk for heart failure but without structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure (eg, patients with hypertension or coronary artery disease) B Structural heart disease but without symptoms of heart failure ...
3 - JACC
3 - JACC

... adaptation is among the most prominent of all sports (18). ...
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN YOUNG ATHLETES Can the
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN YOUNG ATHLETES Can the

... Athletes • Sport activity in adolescent and young adults is associated with an increase in the risk of sudden death (relative risk=2.5) • Given the substrate of underlying cardiovascular disease such as congenital coronary anomaly, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardio ...
Coronary artery imaging with multidetector computed
Coronary artery imaging with multidetector computed

... of patients who will likely benefit from coronary assessment with CT is still challenging. The current literature about coronary CTA with MDCT mostly reflects single-center experiences of technical feasibility in relatively small patient populations with known or suspected CAD. The study groups are ...
Ipratropium Bromide on Autonomic
Ipratropium Bromide on Autonomic

... toms, or physical signs of respiratory or cardiovascular disease, diabetes, allergy to study drugs, or smoking, or had used any medications acting on the respiratory, cardiovascular, or nervous systems. Women were not studied owing to the variation in hormonal effects on the autonomic system during ...
L3-IHD,angina, MI 2..
L3-IHD,angina, MI 2..

... Ischemic heart disease is mostly due to coronary artery atherosclerosis Less frequently it is due to vasospasm and vasculitis A group of closely related syndromes caused by an imbalance between the myocardial oxygen demand and blood supply. Four syndromes: Angina pectoris (chest pain). Acute myoca ...
congestive heart failure (chf) - Leon Medical Centers Health Plans
congestive heart failure (chf) - Leon Medical Centers Health Plans

... Provider’s guide to diagnose and code CHF Congestive Heart Failure is a chronic complex clinical syndrome which prevents filling or emptying of blood from the heart. CHF is caused by either a structural (valvular or congenital) and/or a dysfunctional (myocardial infarction) anomaly. The most frequen ...
Your hypertension glossary (1/3)
Your hypertension glossary (1/3)

... • Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): A condition where the kidneys do not work properly any longer. There are different severity stages of CKD. • Compliance: The term used by doctors to describe the action of patients who stick to their agreed treatment plan, which includes medication and life style modi ...
Impact of Diabetes on Coronary Artery Disease in
Impact of Diabetes on Coronary Artery Disease in

... A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances. ...
Is it safe to perform dental surgery using local anesthesia with
Is it safe to perform dental surgery using local anesthesia with

... There was a rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline to the procedure in both groups (14 mm Hg and 5 to 7 mmHg, respectively), when they were evaluated separately. No significant difference was found between the epinephrine and nonepinephrine groups. ...
Dental considerations in patients with heart disease
Dental considerations in patients with heart disease

... first cause of mortality in Spain. In addition to their associated morbidity, such disorders are important due to the number of affected individuals and the many patients subjected to treatment because of them. Objective: An update is provided on the oral manifestations seen in patients with arteria ...
2011 № the report IDIOPATHIC HYPERTENSIA
2011 № the report IDIOPATHIC HYPERTENSIA

... Essential hypertension (also called primary or idiopathic hypertension) is the form of hypertension that by definition, has no identifiable cause. It is the most common type of hypertension, affecting 95% of hypertensive patients, it tends to be familial and is likely to be the consequence of an int ...
Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Examination
Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Examination

...  Myocardial perfusion is assessed by the intravenous injection of Thallium-201, sestamibi or other commercial analogues of potassium at rest and peak exercise. SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) imaging of tracer uptake by normally perfused myocardial cells produces a “cold spot” (d ...
1. Coronary angioplasty
1. Coronary angioplasty

... ?Syncope – is listed as risk factor for HOCM, does this also apply for dilated cardiomyopathy? Identification of Patients at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death Primary prevention of cardiac arrest depends on the ability to identify individual patients at high risk. One must view the problem in the contex ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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