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Basic Life Support - Open.Michigan
Basic Life Support - Open.Michigan

... • This is achieved through chest compressions • Find the xiphoid process and go two finger breadths above onto the chest. Place your palms on this location and begin compression. • Goal is for 100 cycles per minute • Effective compressions are smooth, regular and have minimal interruption ...
Cardiac Arrhythmias in Cats
Cardiac Arrhythmias in Cats

... are formed in the heart. Some arrhythmias may be harmless and do not require treatment, while others can be serious and life threatening. Cats of any age or sex may experience arrhythmias. Certain breeds are predisposed to specific types of heartbeat abnormalities. For example, Maine Coon cats and ...
Hypertension
Hypertension

... no evidence to suggest a secondary cause, hypertension is almost always primary. It is, nonetheless, necessary for the physician to consider secondary causes of hypertension, even though patients with potentially curable causes make up less than 1% of all hypertension. ...
11 Hypertension Disease characteristics Clinical features
11 Hypertension Disease characteristics Clinical features

... disease in its own right, we may view hypertension as blood pressure (BP) that is associated with significant cardiovascular risk. The cut-off point between normal BP and hypertension is arbitrary, and is now generally regarded as a sustained diastolic BP >90 mmHg or systolic BP >140 mmHg. Over the ...
Mortality and Predictors of Mortality in a Cohort of
Mortality and Predictors of Mortality in a Cohort of

... OBJECTIVE — To investigate mortality rates and predictors of mortality in Brazilian type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — A prospective follow-up study was carried out with 471 type 2 diabetic outpatients. Primary end points were all-cause, diabetes-related, and cardiovascular deat ...
Chronic anxiety in ICD patients: A multi
Chronic anxiety in ICD patients: A multi

... Short-term effects • Lighten load mentally • Enhances intake of oxygen-rich air • Stimulates heart, lungs and muscles • Increases endorphins released by the brain • Activate and relieve stress response  good and relaxed feeling Long-term effects • Improve immune functioning • Release of neuropeptid ...
Ventricular tachycardia (broad complex)
Ventricular tachycardia (broad complex)

... Structural heart disease (valves, cardiomyopathy), pulmonary disease, drugs ...
Non-Atherosclerotic Arterial Obstructive disease
Non-Atherosclerotic Arterial Obstructive disease

... – Hypertension is leading cause of cerebral ...
The ABCs of ACS: Review of Acute Coronary Syndrome
The ABCs of ACS: Review of Acute Coronary Syndrome

... Mortality--1/2 million die annually (1 in 5) ‹ Prevalence—15,800,000 victims of angina, heart attack and other forms of CHD are still living ...
aortic_stenosis
aortic_stenosis

... Flandres, rottweiler, and boxer; the Samoyed, English bulldog, and Great Dane also are at higher risk of having subaortic stenosis than are other breeds • Bull terriers are more likely than other breeds to have valvular aortic stenosis, typically with co-existent abnormal development of the mitral v ...
ch 11 day 1
ch 11 day 1

... Which allow blood to flow in only one direction through the heart chambers—from the atria through the ventricles and out the great arteries leaving the heart. The atrioventricular or AV, valves are located between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side. These valves prevent backflow into t ...
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Acute Coronary Syndrome

... There doesn’t seem to be a clear precipitant. She feels a bit washed out, but otherwise reasonably well. …but she is a Type II diabetic. ...
NHLBI report
NHLBI report

... event in first and second degree relatives under the age of 55(males)and 65(females) ►Parent with a TC ≥ 240 mg/dl ►child has Diabetes,BMI≥ 95th, smokes cig. ►One Moderate to high risk condition ...
Congenital Cardiac Disease
Congenital Cardiac Disease

... the lining of the arteries ...
2.02.507 Coronary Angiography for Known or Suspected Coronary
2.02.507 Coronary Angiography for Known or Suspected Coronary

... the magnitude of ST segment deviation on EKG, and exercise-induced angina. The test identifies patients with a high probability of severe coronary artery disease (triple vessel or left main coronary artery disease) that may be found at angiography and with a higher mortality risk. The Duke Treadmill ...
Angina Pectoris - RadiologyInfo.org
Angina Pectoris - RadiologyInfo.org

... like exercise. The second time will be at rest. Performing the evaluation both with stress and rest helps determine if the decreased blood flow only occurs with exercise. The coronary arteries (blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart) can also be imaged similar to CT angiography to l ...
Left ventricular mass and cardiovascular morbidity in
Left ventricular mass and cardiovascular morbidity in

... Design. The MAVI study was a multicenter, prospective, observational study carried out in 58 hospital centers in Italy and endorsed by the Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO, Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri). The protocol of MAVI had been published before the s ...
Coronary disease and modern stress
Coronary disease and modern stress

... Coombs (1916) and Hadfield (1927) took much the same view. Indeed the contention is scarcely in dispute. It receives general assent from clinicians. Cassidy (1946) considered that half his cases showed a family history of the illness, and Levine (1929) holds that heredity is of ‘considerable importa ...
AFRICA
AFRICA

... of patients, namely: rising HbA1c levels tin, are oral agents that target post-pranover time, 4% β-cell loss per year, serious dial glycaemia and do not cause hypoglyand fatal macrovascular consequences caemia. ‘They are weight neutral, unlike largely unaltered, and obesity. ‘In fact, the GLP-1 anal ...
Clinical Anatomy Series – Cardiac Anatomy
Clinical Anatomy Series – Cardiac Anatomy

... murmur does not correlate to disease severity and indeed the murmur may become  quieter  as  heart  failure  ensues.    Symptoms  of  dizziness,  syncope  and  angina  are  common,  and  a  slow  rising  pulse  may  be  apparent  in  aortic  stenosis.    Aortic  regurgitation produces a diastolic mu ...
Hypertension – The Silent Killer - Journal of Pre
Hypertension – The Silent Killer - Journal of Pre

... The leading cause of mortality, responsible for roughly one-third of all deaths globally, is cardiovascular disease. The majority of these events are caused not by one single cardiovascular risk factor, but rather a mixture of several factors. The most important of these in industrialized countries ...
Acute Myocardial Infarction in Nephrotic Syndrome
Acute Myocardial Infarction in Nephrotic Syndrome

... was done from LAD with thrombus a s p i r a t i o n c a t h e t e r ( 6 F D i ve r C ) . Thrombus quantity was excessive. Intracoronary tirofiban, nitroglycerine and nitroprusside were administered. At the end of the procedure, TIMI grade III flow was established with TIMI myocardial perfusion grade ...
and Atrial Fibrillation - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
and Atrial Fibrillation - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

... Morbidity in the US and is associated with a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases especially arrhythmias, angina, myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure and is directly associated with the severity of COPD described in the GOLD initiative. COPD is an independent risk factor for AF/AFL ...
Cardiovascular disorders in dental practice
Cardiovascular disorders in dental practice

... heart beats very fast but the beats are ineffective) leading to symptoms of dizziness, palpitations, syncope or presyncope. A ventricular tachycardia may lead to ventricular fibrillation (chaotic electric activation in the ventricles) during which there is practically no cardiac output. Such a situa ...
Assessment and management of patient with coronary artery
Assessment and management of patient with coronary artery

... Coronary artery disease is one of the most common and serious effects of aging. ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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