Destruction of the North China Craton
... movement of eastern China in the latter part of the Mesozoic, or the “Platform Reactivation” theory founded by professor Guoda Chen during the period of 1956–1960 [2]. Since the 1980s, several important ideas, such as continental deep subduction [3] (the Qinling-Dabie Mountains on the southern margi ...
... movement of eastern China in the latter part of the Mesozoic, or the “Platform Reactivation” theory founded by professor Guoda Chen during the period of 1956–1960 [2]. Since the 1980s, several important ideas, such as continental deep subduction [3] (the Qinling-Dabie Mountains on the southern margi ...
Plume heads, continental lithosphere, flood
... Abstract: High-resolution uppermantle tomographic models are interpreted in terms of plate tectonics, hotspots and plume theories. Ridges correlate with very low velocity areas to a depth of 100 km, probably a result of passively induced upwelling and partial melting. Past positions of ridges also e ...
... Abstract: High-resolution uppermantle tomographic models are interpreted in terms of plate tectonics, hotspots and plume theories. Ridges correlate with very low velocity areas to a depth of 100 km, probably a result of passively induced upwelling and partial melting. Past positions of ridges also e ...
PDF of this page - UVM Catalogue
... by earthquakes, landslides, floods, volcanoes, storms, and avalanches around the world. GEOL 008. The Dynamic Earth. 3 Credits. Exploration of Earth from a systems perspective, the exchange of mass and energy with the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. Credit not given for both GEOL 008 and ei ...
... by earthquakes, landslides, floods, volcanoes, storms, and avalanches around the world. GEOL 008. The Dynamic Earth. 3 Credits. Exploration of Earth from a systems perspective, the exchange of mass and energy with the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. Credit not given for both GEOL 008 and ei ...
Density structure and geometry of the Costa Rican subduction zone
... (von Huene et al., 2000). This paper focuses on the subduction zone, geometry the density distribution of the subducting slab under Costa Rica, and on the relationship between the density structure and the seismicity distribution. The 3D density modeling based on interpretation of the satellitederiv ...
... (von Huene et al., 2000). This paper focuses on the subduction zone, geometry the density distribution of the subducting slab under Costa Rica, and on the relationship between the density structure and the seismicity distribution. The 3D density modeling based on interpretation of the satellitederiv ...
Flow and melting of a heterogeneous mantle
... Understanding the partial melting process is key to our ability to relate geochemical characteristics of hotspot and midocean ridge lavas to the dynamics and chemical structure of the mantle. We present a method of computing the trace-element and isotopic compositions of magmas generated by melting ...
... Understanding the partial melting process is key to our ability to relate geochemical characteristics of hotspot and midocean ridge lavas to the dynamics and chemical structure of the mantle. We present a method of computing the trace-element and isotopic compositions of magmas generated by melting ...
Dehydration of serpentinized slab mantle: Seismic evidence from southwest Japan
... dehydration loci in the crust and mantle expected from Fig. 2 with the observed seismicity. If the mantle portion of the slab is hydrated at the trench, dehydration may start at a shallow depth such as 20 km, but it may become most effective at the 50–80 km depth range because the particle motion of ...
... dehydration loci in the crust and mantle expected from Fig. 2 with the observed seismicity. If the mantle portion of the slab is hydrated at the trench, dehydration may start at a shallow depth such as 20 km, but it may become most effective at the 50–80 km depth range because the particle motion of ...
22 Hotspots and Mantle Plumes
... in the mantle. Although plumes clearly transport much less heat than the processes at tectonic plate boundaries, mantle plumes are also largely driven by internal heat. Plumes probably arise from a hot layer at the base of the mantle. Because it is so hot, the boundary layer surrounding the molten i ...
... in the mantle. Although plumes clearly transport much less heat than the processes at tectonic plate boundaries, mantle plumes are also largely driven by internal heat. Plumes probably arise from a hot layer at the base of the mantle. Because it is so hot, the boundary layer surrounding the molten i ...
Plate rotation during continental collision and its relationship with
... respect to Laurentia, consistent with paleomagnetic data from other studies. Our model may have applications to other orogens with regional UHP terranes, such as the Dabie Shan and Papua New Guinea cases, where block rotation during exhumation has also been recorded. ...
... respect to Laurentia, consistent with paleomagnetic data from other studies. Our model may have applications to other orogens with regional UHP terranes, such as the Dabie Shan and Papua New Guinea cases, where block rotation during exhumation has also been recorded. ...
Sub-slab mantle flow parallel to the Caribbean plate boundaries
... lithosphere and crustal features, and the relationship of deeper mantle flow to Caribbean plate motion. In this work, we address some of these issues by investigating the seismic anisotropy and, hence, style of crust and mantle deformation in the region. Studies of seismic anisotropy provide insights ...
... lithosphere and crustal features, and the relationship of deeper mantle flow to Caribbean plate motion. In this work, we address some of these issues by investigating the seismic anisotropy and, hence, style of crust and mantle deformation in the region. Studies of seismic anisotropy provide insights ...
View - GFZpublic
... 1. Introduction [2] Collisions between continents and volcanic island arcs are common elements in the ancient to recent tectonic history of the Earth. Many of these collisions are oblique and diachronous, starting where the two plates first collide then closing gradually like a zipper. This implies ...
... 1. Introduction [2] Collisions between continents and volcanic island arcs are common elements in the ancient to recent tectonic history of the Earth. Many of these collisions are oblique and diachronous, starting where the two plates first collide then closing gradually like a zipper. This implies ...
Mantle mixing - Earth and Environmental Sciences
... Convective flows provide a mechanism for stirring and mixing of heterogeneities. The principle components of this process are stretching, folding, breakup, and diffusion (Ottino, 1989). Stretching and folding are illustrated in Figure 1. Stretching occurs in the presence of velocity gradients (such ...
... Convective flows provide a mechanism for stirring and mixing of heterogeneities. The principle components of this process are stretching, folding, breakup, and diffusion (Ottino, 1989). Stretching and folding are illustrated in Figure 1. Stretching occurs in the presence of velocity gradients (such ...
View - GFZpublic
... assumption. However, the strong temperature dependence and the non-linear stress^strain rate relation of continental rheology may result in strain rates that are unrealistically high by several orders of magnitude for long-term intraplate deformation when applying the CF model to a weak lithosphere ...
... assumption. However, the strong temperature dependence and the non-linear stress^strain rate relation of continental rheology may result in strain rates that are unrealistically high by several orders of magnitude for long-term intraplate deformation when applying the CF model to a weak lithosphere ...
An Iceland hotspot saga
... goes into forming the crust. Considerable work has been carried out on various plume models to explain these and other observations in Iceland, but the models are still some way from reaching a mature state. As long as important observations are lacking and some key questions remain unanswered, alte ...
... goes into forming the crust. Considerable work has been carried out on various plume models to explain these and other observations in Iceland, but the models are still some way from reaching a mature state. As long as important observations are lacking and some key questions remain unanswered, alte ...
earthquakes - New Scientist
... of earthquake science, the theory of “elastic rebound”. This describes how earthquakes occur due to the abrupt release of stored stress along a fault line (see diagram, below left). Another half-century elapsed before the plate tectonics revolution of the mid-20th century provided an explanation for ...
... of earthquake science, the theory of “elastic rebound”. This describes how earthquakes occur due to the abrupt release of stored stress along a fault line (see diagram, below left). Another half-century elapsed before the plate tectonics revolution of the mid-20th century provided an explanation for ...
PDF (Chapter 8. Chemical Composition of the Mantle)
... and the lighter major elements, or those that readily enter melts or form light minerals, will be concentrated toward the surface. To proceed further we need detailed chemical information about crustal and mantle rocks. The bulk of the material emerging from the mantle is in the form of melts, or ma ...
... and the lighter major elements, or those that readily enter melts or form light minerals, will be concentrated toward the surface. To proceed further we need detailed chemical information about crustal and mantle rocks. The bulk of the material emerging from the mantle is in the form of melts, or ma ...
THE TECTONIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE HILLABEE CHLORITE
... quartz-feldspathic mica schist, extending continuously along strike for as much as 19 km. Moderate relief, with alternating narrow (0.5 km) ridges, singular hills, and moderately wide (3-5 km) valleys predominate the mica schist terrain. The width of this sequence ranges from 0.25 km to over 7.5 km; ...
... quartz-feldspathic mica schist, extending continuously along strike for as much as 19 km. Moderate relief, with alternating narrow (0.5 km) ridges, singular hills, and moderately wide (3-5 km) valleys predominate the mica schist terrain. The width of this sequence ranges from 0.25 km to over 7.5 km; ...
Hotspots, mantle plumes and core heat loss
... plumes, by far the more numerous, seldom make their way to the top boundary. The fact that the average depth cold plume reach is not exactly the maximum depth comes from the fact that there is always one on its way to the bottom boundary. Many hot plumes start because there is a local minimum in the ...
... plumes, by far the more numerous, seldom make their way to the top boundary. The fact that the average depth cold plume reach is not exactly the maximum depth comes from the fact that there is always one on its way to the bottom boundary. Many hot plumes start because there is a local minimum in the ...
The plume head-lithosphere interactions near intra - HAL-Insu
... and mineralogical evolution of the lithosphere: for example, Archean metallogenic crises at the boundaries of the West African and Australian cratons coincide with postulated plume events. In continents, PLI are often located near boundaries between younger plates (e.g., orogenic) and older stable p ...
... and mineralogical evolution of the lithosphere: for example, Archean metallogenic crises at the boundaries of the West African and Australian cratons coincide with postulated plume events. In continents, PLI are often located near boundaries between younger plates (e.g., orogenic) and older stable p ...
Geology
Geology (from the Greek γῆ, gē, i.e. ""earth"" and -λoγία, -logia, i.e. ""study of, discourse"") is an earth science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change. Geology can also refer generally to the study of the solid features of any celestial body (such as the geology of the Moon or Mars).Geology gives insight into the history of the Earth by providing the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and past climates. Geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding of natural hazards, the remediation of environmental problems, and for providing insights into past climate change. Geology also plays a role in geotechnical engineering and is a major academic discipline.