What moves slabs - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra
... plate tectonics are divided into plate motions dragged by mantle convection (e.g., Bokelmann, 2002; Bercovici, 2003), and plate motions energized by top-driven mantle convection, in which the negative buoyancy of the slab, i.e., the slab pull, drives plates (e.g., Anderson, 2001). However, we discus ...
... plate tectonics are divided into plate motions dragged by mantle convection (e.g., Bokelmann, 2002; Bercovici, 2003), and plate motions energized by top-driven mantle convection, in which the negative buoyancy of the slab, i.e., the slab pull, drives plates (e.g., Anderson, 2001). However, we discus ...
Copyright © 2006, The Geological Society of America, Inc
... chain. The external thrust system has been generated by the detachment of the internal sedimentary cover of the flexured sector of the continental foreland, with the Apenninic-Maghrebian chain that originated by means of the imbrication of the sedimentary sequences belonging both to the oceanic crus ...
... chain. The external thrust system has been generated by the detachment of the internal sedimentary cover of the flexured sector of the continental foreland, with the Apenninic-Maghrebian chain that originated by means of the imbrication of the sedimentary sequences belonging both to the oceanic crus ...
Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the
... as palaeomagnetic data and isotopic ages, are required. New tomographic techniques offer an important means of testing this and other reconstructions. However, valuable insights could also be obtained from simple data sets, such as sediment volumes, if more information that is complete were availabl ...
... as palaeomagnetic data and isotopic ages, are required. New tomographic techniques offer an important means of testing this and other reconstructions. However, valuable insights could also be obtained from simple data sets, such as sediment volumes, if more information that is complete were availabl ...
The Asia–Kohistan–India Collision: Review and Discussion
... The Karakoram–Kohistan Suture was described as a chaotic arrangement of large lenses of limestone, sandstone, conglomerate and mafic to ultramafic rocks in a matrix of slates (Coward et al. 1982). Referring to the weak strain of rocks on both sides of the suture and in the suture itself, it was conc ...
... The Karakoram–Kohistan Suture was described as a chaotic arrangement of large lenses of limestone, sandstone, conglomerate and mafic to ultramafic rocks in a matrix of slates (Coward et al. 1982). Referring to the weak strain of rocks on both sides of the suture and in the suture itself, it was conc ...
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 20 2002
... as palaeomagnetic data and isotopic ages, are required. New tomographic techniques offer an important means of testing this and other reconstructions. However, valuable insights could also be obtained from simple data sets, such as sediment volumes, if more information that is complete were availabl ...
... as palaeomagnetic data and isotopic ages, are required. New tomographic techniques offer an important means of testing this and other reconstructions. However, valuable insights could also be obtained from simple data sets, such as sediment volumes, if more information that is complete were availabl ...
From Lithospheric Thickening and Divergent Collapse to Active
... tensile horizontal stresses that may trigger divergent collapse: The gravity-driven flow that reduces lateral variation of gravitational potential energy. As collapse proceeds, the thickened crust tends to recover its normal thickness and, assuming homogeneous deformation, the lithospheric mantle be ...
... tensile horizontal stresses that may trigger divergent collapse: The gravity-driven flow that reduces lateral variation of gravitational potential energy. As collapse proceeds, the thickened crust tends to recover its normal thickness and, assuming homogeneous deformation, the lithospheric mantle be ...
Earth Science Ch. 6 Practice Test
... A new island will form at the boundary of the Pacific plates and continental drift will push it into the Hawiian Islands. Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____ 31. Volcanoes that form along ...
... A new island will form at the boundary of the Pacific plates and continental drift will push it into the Hawiian Islands. Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____ 31. Volcanoes that form along ...
Isostasy, dynamic topography, and the elevation of the Apennines of
... inherently linked, one being the time derivative of the other, and as such they represent the components of mountain belt dynamics that are sensitive to lithospheric structure and rates of change, respectively. Elevation is often argued to be dominated by isostasy of the crust, which, in convergent ...
... inherently linked, one being the time derivative of the other, and as such they represent the components of mountain belt dynamics that are sensitive to lithospheric structure and rates of change, respectively. Elevation is often argued to be dominated by isostasy of the crust, which, in convergent ...
The Relation Between Mantle Dynamics and Plate Tectonics: A Primer
... tle’s gravitational potential energy through convective overturn (and of course that radiogenic heating and core cooling continue to replenish the mantle’s gravitational potential energy). However, the precise picture of how plate motions are caused by convection is far from complete. With the recog ...
... tle’s gravitational potential energy through convective overturn (and of course that radiogenic heating and core cooling continue to replenish the mantle’s gravitational potential energy). However, the precise picture of how plate motions are caused by convection is far from complete. With the recog ...
About Earthquake
... result in movement of the overlying plates. The rates of plate movements range from about 2 to 12 centimeters per year and can now be measured by precise surveying techniques. The stresses from convection can also deform the brittle portions of overlying plates, thereby storing tremendous energy wit ...
... result in movement of the overlying plates. The rates of plate movements range from about 2 to 12 centimeters per year and can now be measured by precise surveying techniques. The stresses from convection can also deform the brittle portions of overlying plates, thereby storing tremendous energy wit ...
Exploring Earth: Plate Tectonics
... by the National Science Education Standards). In Immersion Units, students learn academic content by working like scientists: making observations, asking questions, doing further investigations to explore and explain natural phenomena, and communicating results based on evidence. Immersion Units are ...
... by the National Science Education Standards). In Immersion Units, students learn academic content by working like scientists: making observations, asking questions, doing further investigations to explore and explain natural phenomena, and communicating results based on evidence. Immersion Units are ...
A Primer
... tle’s gravitational potential energy through convective overturn (and of course that radiogenic heating and core cooling continue to replenish the mantle’s gravitational potential energy). However, the precise picture of how plate motions are caused by convection is far from complete. With the recog ...
... tle’s gravitational potential energy through convective overturn (and of course that radiogenic heating and core cooling continue to replenish the mantle’s gravitational potential energy). However, the precise picture of how plate motions are caused by convection is far from complete. With the recog ...
Major and Trace Element Composition of the Depleted MORB
... impregnation of low degree melts into highly depleted residues would cause points to fall off the depletion trends toward the more incompatible element, as shown in Figure 2. Melt impregnation trajectories for relationships among the HREE (e.g. Dy-Er) very closely overlap their wellcorrelated arrays ...
... impregnation of low degree melts into highly depleted residues would cause points to fall off the depletion trends toward the more incompatible element, as shown in Figure 2. Melt impregnation trajectories for relationships among the HREE (e.g. Dy-Er) very closely overlap their wellcorrelated arrays ...
A Review of the Role of Subduction Dynamics for Regional and
... Models of Earth’s mantle dynamics can be tested with the surface observables that are provided by plate tectonic motions. Such analysis can address questions including those about the nature of the plate driving forces, the magnitude of plate–mantle coupling, and the strength of the lithosphere and ...
... Models of Earth’s mantle dynamics can be tested with the surface observables that are provided by plate tectonic motions. Such analysis can address questions including those about the nature of the plate driving forces, the magnitude of plate–mantle coupling, and the strength of the lithosphere and ...
2. Geology and tectonics of the Aegean - diss.fu
... Eurasian plate during the last 92 My (Müller & Kahle, 1993). The existence of a calcalkaline inner volcanic arc, the spatial distribution of earthquakes and detailed tomographic studies indicate the existence of a northward-dipping subducted slab beneath this region (African plate beneath Eurasian p ...
... Eurasian plate during the last 92 My (Müller & Kahle, 1993). The existence of a calcalkaline inner volcanic arc, the spatial distribution of earthquakes and detailed tomographic studies indicate the existence of a northward-dipping subducted slab beneath this region (African plate beneath Eurasian p ...
Exploring Geology: What-To-Know List
... List the main characteristics of obsidian, pumice, scoria, tuff, breccia, and pegmatite, and indicate where each of these rock types fits into an igneous classification system based on composition. Summarize the main minerals that are present in felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic rocks. ...
... List the main characteristics of obsidian, pumice, scoria, tuff, breccia, and pegmatite, and indicate where each of these rock types fits into an igneous classification system based on composition. Summarize the main minerals that are present in felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic rocks. ...
Extensional and transtensional continental arc basins: case studies
... Cretaceous Sierra Nevada batholith and its extension into northwest Nevada, and relicts of basins active during unroofing of the batholith in Late Cretaceous to Tertiary time (dot pattern) during the low-angle subduction that preceded slab fallback. Slab fallback was completed by 16 Ma, when the arc ...
... Cretaceous Sierra Nevada batholith and its extension into northwest Nevada, and relicts of basins active during unroofing of the batholith in Late Cretaceous to Tertiary time (dot pattern) during the low-angle subduction that preceded slab fallback. Slab fallback was completed by 16 Ma, when the arc ...
Some remarks on subduction zones - Dipartimento di Scienze della
... heath flow anomalies (e.g., Carminati et al., 2004a). These differences can be ascribed to the deeper lithospheric-rooted decollements occurring along “east”-directed subduction zones, with respect to the shallower upper crustal decollements typical of W-directed subduction zones. The asymmetry has ...
... heath flow anomalies (e.g., Carminati et al., 2004a). These differences can be ascribed to the deeper lithospheric-rooted decollements occurring along “east”-directed subduction zones, with respect to the shallower upper crustal decollements typical of W-directed subduction zones. The asymmetry has ...
mymaster - DUO
... consisted of mainly olivine-rich rock and has different temperatures at different depths. In general terms the temperature increases with depth and the highest ones occur where the mantle material meets the heatproducing core. This correlated increase of temperature and depth is known as geothermal ...
... consisted of mainly olivine-rich rock and has different temperatures at different depths. In general terms the temperature increases with depth and the highest ones occur where the mantle material meets the heatproducing core. This correlated increase of temperature and depth is known as geothermal ...
Paper Oman, 2001
... deformation style and the volume of the rising crustal/ sedimentary material; in particular, the question is whether this process occurs on the crustal scale or whether only thin slices of continental material can be delivered to shallow depths. Burial and exhumation are elements of the same process ...
... deformation style and the volume of the rising crustal/ sedimentary material; in particular, the question is whether this process occurs on the crustal scale or whether only thin slices of continental material can be delivered to shallow depths. Burial and exhumation are elements of the same process ...
The Caribbean-North America-Cocos Triple Junction
... interact with the subduction zone of the Cocos plate, forming a subduction‐subduction‐ transform triple junction. The North American plate moves westward relative to the Caribbean plate. This movement does not affect the geometry of the subducted Cocos plate, which implies that deformation is accomm ...
... interact with the subduction zone of the Cocos plate, forming a subduction‐subduction‐ transform triple junction. The North American plate moves westward relative to the Caribbean plate. This movement does not affect the geometry of the subducted Cocos plate, which implies that deformation is accomm ...
The transition from diffuse to focused extension: Modeled evolution
... Ross Sea between Marie Byrd Land and East Antarctica between ∼ 105 Ma to ∼80 Ma. Oblique transtension may have occurred prior to this, but probably was not part of the major extensional phase [9]. The 105 to 80 Ma stage of diffuse extension resulted in the development of fault-bound basins and uplif ...
... Ross Sea between Marie Byrd Land and East Antarctica between ∼ 105 Ma to ∼80 Ma. Oblique transtension may have occurred prior to this, but probably was not part of the major extensional phase [9]. The 105 to 80 Ma stage of diffuse extension resulted in the development of fault-bound basins and uplif ...
Drilling Active Tectonics and Magmatism (Volcanics, Geoprisms
... Forces originating deep within the active Earth are expressed on Earth’s surface, where they have a profound effect on human societies. On a global scale, these effects include the development of mountain ranges and subduction zones. On a local scale, they are expressed as active faults (with slip r ...
... Forces originating deep within the active Earth are expressed on Earth’s surface, where they have a profound effect on human societies. On a global scale, these effects include the development of mountain ranges and subduction zones. On a local scale, they are expressed as active faults (with slip r ...
Geology
Geology (from the Greek γῆ, gē, i.e. ""earth"" and -λoγία, -logia, i.e. ""study of, discourse"") is an earth science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change. Geology can also refer generally to the study of the solid features of any celestial body (such as the geology of the Moon or Mars).Geology gives insight into the history of the Earth by providing the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and past climates. Geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding of natural hazards, the remediation of environmental problems, and for providing insights into past climate change. Geology also plays a role in geotechnical engineering and is a major academic discipline.