Lithosphere delamination in continental collisional orogens: A
... slopes are limited by prescribing the maximum stable slope angle “θmax”. In the numerical models, tan(θmax) = 0.1 is applied, which is maintained at each time step by computing an instantaneous mass redistribution in the regions of unstable surface slopes. Our parameter studies indicate that variabi ...
... slopes are limited by prescribing the maximum stable slope angle “θmax”. In the numerical models, tan(θmax) = 0.1 is applied, which is maintained at each time step by computing an instantaneous mass redistribution in the regions of unstable surface slopes. Our parameter studies indicate that variabi ...
Polarized plate tectonics
... expenditure energy rates (Riguzzi et al. 2010). This circumstance allows for relatively small energy sources to influence global tectonic processes and therefore the tidal despinning can contribute to plate tectonics through the westward lithospheric drift (Bostrom, 1971; Knopoff and Leeds, 1972). S ...
... expenditure energy rates (Riguzzi et al. 2010). This circumstance allows for relatively small energy sources to influence global tectonic processes and therefore the tidal despinning can contribute to plate tectonics through the westward lithospheric drift (Bostrom, 1971; Knopoff and Leeds, 1972). S ...
Geophysical-petrological model of the crust and upper mantle in the
... The India-Eurasia collision zone consists of a large amalgamation of crustal and lithospheric domains, accreted each other throughout time. The India peninsula is formed by an ancient continental crust (the Precambrian Indian shield), which is itself a collage of cratonic blocks and mobile belts ass ...
... The India-Eurasia collision zone consists of a large amalgamation of crustal and lithospheric domains, accreted each other throughout time. The India peninsula is formed by an ancient continental crust (the Precambrian Indian shield), which is itself a collage of cratonic blocks and mobile belts ass ...
Geodynpub_files/Boutelier, Chemenda, 2011
... mechanical structure and the conditions along its boundaries. In subduction zones, the stress and tectonic regime in the overriding plate are generally controlled by the stresses along the interplate zone. These are the normal and tangential stresses generated by the subduction process. Since the in ...
... mechanical structure and the conditions along its boundaries. In subduction zones, the stress and tectonic regime in the overriding plate are generally controlled by the stresses along the interplate zone. These are the normal and tangential stresses generated by the subduction process. Since the in ...
`emplacement` of an ophiolite?
... Ophiolites have long been recognized as on-land fragments of fossil oceanic lithosphere, which becomes an ophiolite when incorporated into continental margins through a complex process known as 'emplacement'. A fundamental problem of ophiolite emplacement is how dense oceanic crust becomes emplaced ...
... Ophiolites have long been recognized as on-land fragments of fossil oceanic lithosphere, which becomes an ophiolite when incorporated into continental margins through a complex process known as 'emplacement'. A fundamental problem of ophiolite emplacement is how dense oceanic crust becomes emplaced ...
Subduction versus accretion of intra
... We perform thermo-mechanical laboratory experiments designed to explore the behaviour of the volcanic arc during intra-oceanic arc^continent collision following oceanic subduction and subsequent back-arc opening. The overriding oceanic lithosphere is made of two layers representing the oceanic crust ...
... We perform thermo-mechanical laboratory experiments designed to explore the behaviour of the volcanic arc during intra-oceanic arc^continent collision following oceanic subduction and subsequent back-arc opening. The overriding oceanic lithosphere is made of two layers representing the oceanic crust ...
Recent Movements of the Juan de Fuca Plate System
... global solutions for Pacific/America and "absolute" (relative to hot spot) motions, a plate motion sequencecan be constructed.This sequenceshowsthat both absolutemotions and motions relative to America are characterizedby slower velocitieswhere younger and more buoyant material enters the convergenc ...
... global solutions for Pacific/America and "absolute" (relative to hot spot) motions, a plate motion sequencecan be constructed.This sequenceshowsthat both absolutemotions and motions relative to America are characterizedby slower velocitieswhere younger and more buoyant material enters the convergenc ...
Kinematic reconstruction of the Caribbean
... GPlates free software. Our reconstruction includes description of the tectonic units in terms of Euler poles and finite rotation angles. Our analysis of Caribbean tectonic evolution incorporates an extensive literature review. To constrain the Caribbean plate motion between the American continents, w ...
... GPlates free software. Our reconstruction includes description of the tectonic units in terms of Euler poles and finite rotation angles. Our analysis of Caribbean tectonic evolution incorporates an extensive literature review. To constrain the Caribbean plate motion between the American continents, w ...
Laboratory Title
... Instruction time: This depends on what activities you want to include. 30 minutes Clean-up time: 5 minutes ...
... Instruction time: This depends on what activities you want to include. 30 minutes Clean-up time: 5 minutes ...
OBSERVATIONAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE DYNAMICS OF MANTLE PLUME–MID-OCEAN RIDGE INTERACTION
... the mantle source is that they can also be affected by the melting process that generated the sampled rock. Isotope ratios, on the other hand, more directly reflect ratios in the source because isotopes of the same element have similar chemical behavior and do not fractionate during magma formation ...
... the mantle source is that they can also be affected by the melting process that generated the sampled rock. Isotope ratios, on the other hand, more directly reflect ratios in the source because isotopes of the same element have similar chemical behavior and do not fractionate during magma formation ...
extra revision sheet grade 7 Q 4 Multiple Choice Identify the choice
... 31. The measure of how much matter is in a given space is called ____________________. 32. The most common classification of minerals is based on ____________________ composition. 33. A naturally formed, inorganic solid with a definite crystalline structure is a ____________________. 34. The lithosp ...
... 31. The measure of how much matter is in a given space is called ____________________. 32. The most common classification of minerals is based on ____________________ composition. 33. A naturally formed, inorganic solid with a definite crystalline structure is a ____________________. 34. The lithosp ...
Tectonic speed limits from plate kinematic reconstructions (PDF
... in a median RMS plate speed of ∼4 cm/yr over 200 Myr. Linking tectonothermal ages of continental lithosphere to the RMS plate velocity analysis, we find that the increasing portions of plate area composed of continental and/or cratonic lithosphere significantly reduces plate speeds. Plates with any cr ...
... in a median RMS plate speed of ∼4 cm/yr over 200 Myr. Linking tectonothermal ages of continental lithosphere to the RMS plate velocity analysis, we find that the increasing portions of plate area composed of continental and/or cratonic lithosphere significantly reduces plate speeds. Plates with any cr ...
Full text PDF - Geochemical Perspectives
... manifest in variations in stable isotope ratios that could only have been produced at or near the surface of the Earth. In addition to a recycled component, many plumes also contain a quite primitive component, manifested primarily in their noble gas isotope ratios. The primitive component seems mo ...
... manifest in variations in stable isotope ratios that could only have been produced at or near the surface of the Earth. In addition to a recycled component, many plumes also contain a quite primitive component, manifested primarily in their noble gas isotope ratios. The primitive component seems mo ...
Lithostratigraphy of the Mesoproterozoic Vemork formation, central
... Wyckoff (1934) described some of the sedimentary rocks from Vestfjorddalen, which Dons (1960a, b, 1961) included into his Vemork formation. According to Dons (1960a, b) the Vemork formation rests conformably on the Tuddal formation and consists predominately of green lavas, which locally attain grea ...
... Wyckoff (1934) described some of the sedimentary rocks from Vestfjorddalen, which Dons (1960a, b, 1961) included into his Vemork formation. According to Dons (1960a, b) the Vemork formation rests conformably on the Tuddal formation and consists predominately of green lavas, which locally attain grea ...
10. Stress and stress release in the lithosphere
... of power plants in Germany - located more or less on the other side of the globe. A number of system components of the Fukushima nuclear power plant could not withstand peak ground accelerations from the earthquake in combination with a tsunami wave which finally led to nuclear meltdown in several r ...
... of power plants in Germany - located more or less on the other side of the globe. A number of system components of the Fukushima nuclear power plant could not withstand peak ground accelerations from the earthquake in combination with a tsunami wave which finally led to nuclear meltdown in several r ...
Redalyc.Foundations of Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean evolution
... South Bahamas-Guyana Transform, and the role of this structure in Cuban, Bahamian, Trinidadian, and Guyanese evolution; (3) the anticlockwise rotation of the Yucatán Block during the opening of the Gulf of Mexico; (4) the Pacific origin of the Caribbean oceanic crust; (5) the Aptian age and plate bo ...
... South Bahamas-Guyana Transform, and the role of this structure in Cuban, Bahamian, Trinidadian, and Guyanese evolution; (3) the anticlockwise rotation of the Yucatán Block during the opening of the Gulf of Mexico; (4) the Pacific origin of the Caribbean oceanic crust; (5) the Aptian age and plate bo ...
Supercontinents, mantle dynamics and plate
... predict that superdownwelling along multiple subduction zones might provide an effective mechanism to pull together dispersed continental fragments into a closely packed assembly. The recycled subducted material that accumulates at the mantle transition zone and sinks down into the core–mantle bound ...
... predict that superdownwelling along multiple subduction zones might provide an effective mechanism to pull together dispersed continental fragments into a closely packed assembly. The recycled subducted material that accumulates at the mantle transition zone and sinks down into the core–mantle bound ...
Vertical stretching and crustal thickening at Nanga Parbat, Pakistan
... 1988; Owen, 1989]. Those ductile structures that are synchronous with the elevated geotherm or the coeval leucogranites, together with those that post-date them, are also synchronous with exhumation and the topographic growth of the massif. The bulk deformation is dip-slip (NNW-SSE contraction [Butl ...
... 1988; Owen, 1989]. Those ductile structures that are synchronous with the elevated geotherm or the coeval leucogranites, together with those that post-date them, are also synchronous with exhumation and the topographic growth of the massif. The bulk deformation is dip-slip (NNW-SSE contraction [Butl ...
the Zero Paradox Noble Gas Mantle
... feature of noble gases is that they are highly depleted in the Earth relative to Solar abundances. This results in small noble gas additions from U, Th and K decay related products being readily resolvable. For example, 4He is produced by U and Th decay chains and alters the 3He/4He ratio trapped in ...
... feature of noble gases is that they are highly depleted in the Earth relative to Solar abundances. This results in small noble gas additions from U, Th and K decay related products being readily resolvable. For example, 4He is produced by U and Th decay chains and alters the 3He/4He ratio trapped in ...
Seismic characteristics and distribution of volcanic
... Abstract: A voluminous magmatic complex was emplaced in the Vøring and Møre basins during Paleocene/Eocene continental rifting and break-up in the NE Atlantic. This intrusive event has had a significant impact on deformation, source-rock maturation and fluid flow in the basins. Intrusive complexes a ...
... Abstract: A voluminous magmatic complex was emplaced in the Vøring and Møre basins during Paleocene/Eocene continental rifting and break-up in the NE Atlantic. This intrusive event has had a significant impact on deformation, source-rock maturation and fluid flow in the basins. Intrusive complexes a ...
Shear wave anisotropy beneath the Cascadia subduction zone and
... zone (CSZ) and adjacent regions. At forearc stations above the Juan de Fuca Plate, the fast directions are approximately parallel to the direction of absolute plate motion of the main Juan de Fuca Plate (∼N70◦ E). Delay times of 1.0 to 1.5 s indicate a mantle source for the anisotropy, most likely s ...
... zone (CSZ) and adjacent regions. At forearc stations above the Juan de Fuca Plate, the fast directions are approximately parallel to the direction of absolute plate motion of the main Juan de Fuca Plate (∼N70◦ E). Delay times of 1.0 to 1.5 s indicate a mantle source for the anisotropy, most likely s ...
Pacific slab pull and intraplate deformation
... The origin of intraplate volcanism without age progression and far away from plate boundaries is poorly understood (Lee and Grand, 2012; Koppers, 2011). Intraplate volcanism can be viewed as being due to hotspots within tectonic plates, which may be caused by a range of processes including mantle pl ...
... The origin of intraplate volcanism without age progression and far away from plate boundaries is poorly understood (Lee and Grand, 2012; Koppers, 2011). Intraplate volcanism can be viewed as being due to hotspots within tectonic plates, which may be caused by a range of processes including mantle pl ...
Mid-ocean ridges
... zone only a few kilometres wide at the ridge axis. Surface volcanism, sometimes in the form of pillow lava, occurs but most of the magma solidifies within dykes and layered intrusives at greater depths. The new rocks thus generated are then transported away from the ridge axis by the continuous proc ...
... zone only a few kilometres wide at the ridge axis. Surface volcanism, sometimes in the form of pillow lava, occurs but most of the magma solidifies within dykes and layered intrusives at greater depths. The new rocks thus generated are then transported away from the ridge axis by the continuous proc ...
Hotspots and Melting anomalies - Earth and Environmental Sciences
... (e.g., Ito et al., 2003, Hekinian et al., 2004). Alternative mechanisms, which emphasize processes in the asthenosphere and lithosphere, are being re-evaluated and some new ones proposed (Foulger et al., 2005). It has become clear that few hotspots confidently show all of the above characteristics o ...
... (e.g., Ito et al., 2003, Hekinian et al., 2004). Alternative mechanisms, which emphasize processes in the asthenosphere and lithosphere, are being re-evaluated and some new ones proposed (Foulger et al., 2005). It has become clear that few hotspots confidently show all of the above characteristics o ...
Geology
Geology (from the Greek γῆ, gē, i.e. ""earth"" and -λoγία, -logia, i.e. ""study of, discourse"") is an earth science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change. Geology can also refer generally to the study of the solid features of any celestial body (such as the geology of the Moon or Mars).Geology gives insight into the history of the Earth by providing the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and past climates. Geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding of natural hazards, the remediation of environmental problems, and for providing insights into past climate change. Geology also plays a role in geotechnical engineering and is a major academic discipline.