Population Genetics A Concise Guide - IB-USP
... Population geneticists spend most of their time doing one of two things: describing the genetic structure of populations or theorizing on the evolutionary forces acting on populations. On a good day, these two activities mesh and true insights emerge. In this chapter, wewill do all of the above. The ...
... Population geneticists spend most of their time doing one of two things: describing the genetic structure of populations or theorizing on the evolutionary forces acting on populations. On a good day, these two activities mesh and true insights emerge. In this chapter, wewill do all of the above. The ...
Aesthetic evolution by mate choice: Darwin`s really dangerous idea
... In summary, it is a mistake for us to read Darwin as if the aesthetic implications of his language were quirky, colourful, whimsical or unintentional. They are a fundamental feature of his theory. It would be overreaching, however, to conclude that Darwin’s view is exclusively arbitrary and coevolut ...
... In summary, it is a mistake for us to read Darwin as if the aesthetic implications of his language were quirky, colourful, whimsical or unintentional. They are a fundamental feature of his theory. It would be overreaching, however, to conclude that Darwin’s view is exclusively arbitrary and coevolut ...
1. (a) (i) A gene controlling coat colour in cats is sex linked. The two
... Explain how the figure above supports the hypothesis that the type of speciation named in (i) has occurred in seahorses. ...
... Explain how the figure above supports the hypothesis that the type of speciation named in (i) has occurred in seahorses. ...
Variable clinical manifestation of a novel missense mutation in the
... disorder. Incomplete penetrance and variable age-related clinical expression is often observed within and between families, even if an identical mutation is involved. At the moment, mutations in 11 genes have been identified that are involved in FHC, making linkage analysis the first step in identif ...
... disorder. Incomplete penetrance and variable age-related clinical expression is often observed within and between families, even if an identical mutation is involved. At the moment, mutations in 11 genes have been identified that are involved in FHC, making linkage analysis the first step in identif ...
BONELESS BEAUTIES
... their buoyancy. The shell also offers them protection. The nautilus is slow moving and considered to be quite primitive with fossil records dating back 200 million years. This beautiful creature is widely collected for its attractive shell. The desire for them has put pressure on their populations a ...
... their buoyancy. The shell also offers them protection. The nautilus is slow moving and considered to be quite primitive with fossil records dating back 200 million years. This beautiful creature is widely collected for its attractive shell. The desire for them has put pressure on their populations a ...
Gregor Mendel
... Blending Concept of Inheritance 1. This theory stated that offspring would possess traits intermediate between those of different parents. 2. Red and white flowers produce pink; a later return to red or white progeny was considered instability in genetic material. 3. Charles Darwin wanted to develop ...
... Blending Concept of Inheritance 1. This theory stated that offspring would possess traits intermediate between those of different parents. 2. Red and white flowers produce pink; a later return to red or white progeny was considered instability in genetic material. 3. Charles Darwin wanted to develop ...
Supplementary Methods S2: Exome Sequencing
... Picard consists specifically of four steps (briefly described below): (1) recalibration of base qualities, (2) alignment to the genome, (3) aggregation of lane and library data, and (4) marking of duplicate reads. (1) Base-quality recalibration Each base is associated with a Phred-like quality Q sco ...
... Picard consists specifically of four steps (briefly described below): (1) recalibration of base qualities, (2) alignment to the genome, (3) aggregation of lane and library data, and (4) marking of duplicate reads. (1) Base-quality recalibration Each base is associated with a Phred-like quality Q sco ...
the evolutionary dynamics of intralocus sexual conflict
... Consider male mating rate as an example. Often, as mating frequency increases, male fitness is expected to increase accordingly; however, females are expected to incur relatively greater costs from multiple mating compared with males (Thornhill and Alcock 2001). This includes time and energy costs, ...
... Consider male mating rate as an example. Often, as mating frequency increases, male fitness is expected to increase accordingly; however, females are expected to incur relatively greater costs from multiple mating compared with males (Thornhill and Alcock 2001). This includes time and energy costs, ...
Mutation at the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) and its use
... of the region of North America called Quebec, where resides one of the best documented populations in the world.2–6 French settlers came before 1759; Loyalists from the United States and emigrants from the United Kingdom came after 1759; non-French, non-British settlers arrived in substantial number ...
... of the region of North America called Quebec, where resides one of the best documented populations in the world.2–6 French settlers came before 1759; Loyalists from the United States and emigrants from the United Kingdom came after 1759; non-French, non-British settlers arrived in substantial number ...
Gregor Mendel
... Blending Concept of Inheritance 1. This theory stated that offspring would possess traits intermediate between those of different parents. 2. Red and white flowers produce pink; a later return to red or white progeny was considered instability in genetic material. 3. Charles Darwin wanted to develop ...
... Blending Concept of Inheritance 1. This theory stated that offspring would possess traits intermediate between those of different parents. 2. Red and white flowers produce pink; a later return to red or white progeny was considered instability in genetic material. 3. Charles Darwin wanted to develop ...
Creatine Deficiency Syndromes
... SLC6A8: Mutations in the creatine transporter gene, SLC6A8, which result in blockage of the transport of creatine to the brain are the most common cause of creatine deficiency syndrome. Affected individuals may demonstrate cerebral creatine deficiency on MR spectroscopy, normal GAA in urine, and hig ...
... SLC6A8: Mutations in the creatine transporter gene, SLC6A8, which result in blockage of the transport of creatine to the brain are the most common cause of creatine deficiency syndrome. Affected individuals may demonstrate cerebral creatine deficiency on MR spectroscopy, normal GAA in urine, and hig ...
Genotype–phenotype correlations in laminopathies
... atypical HGPS, lipodystrophy etc. [26–29]. This extreme phenotypic variability indicates that genetic background contributes to the disease diagnosed [29]. Furthermore, a single mutation can result in DCM either with or without A-EDMD. This provides evidence of epistasis, i.e. effects of the mutated ...
... atypical HGPS, lipodystrophy etc. [26–29]. This extreme phenotypic variability indicates that genetic background contributes to the disease diagnosed [29]. Furthermore, a single mutation can result in DCM either with or without A-EDMD. This provides evidence of epistasis, i.e. effects of the mutated ...
Using Artificial Selection to Understand Plastic Plant Phenotypes1
... plastic response, exert selection, or both. This can create constraints—short- or long-term, antagonistic or synergistic—that can affect whether and how individuals respond via plasticity to other environmental factors, as well as the future evolutionary trajectory of the population (Bell and Lechow ...
... plastic response, exert selection, or both. This can create constraints—short- or long-term, antagonistic or synergistic—that can affect whether and how individuals respond via plasticity to other environmental factors, as well as the future evolutionary trajectory of the population (Bell and Lechow ...
2012 - Willem E. Frankenhuis
... potentials, animals must forage, court, and have sex to be able to perpetuate their genes into future generations—avoiding risk at all costs is not a viable strategy. From an evolutionary perspective, natural selection would be expected to favor mechanisms that produce risk taking when the fitness b ...
... potentials, animals must forage, court, and have sex to be able to perpetuate their genes into future generations—avoiding risk at all costs is not a viable strategy. From an evolutionary perspective, natural selection would be expected to favor mechanisms that produce risk taking when the fitness b ...
Comparative genomics and the evolution of prokaryotes
... Although biologists have long recognized the importance of studying evolution to understand the organization of living organisms, only with the development of genomics have evolutionary studies become part of their routine toolkit. Placing genomes into an evolutionary framework has proved useful for ...
... Although biologists have long recognized the importance of studying evolution to understand the organization of living organisms, only with the development of genomics have evolutionary studies become part of their routine toolkit. Placing genomes into an evolutionary framework has proved useful for ...
Summary of topics Timeline of Mendelian genetics
... system and major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) in other species (these are now typed by molecular methods). chromosome markers: heritable variations in chromosome morphology. electrophoretic polymorphisms: many proteins can be shown to be polymorphic by agarose or starch gel electrophoresis du ...
... system and major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) in other species (these are now typed by molecular methods). chromosome markers: heritable variations in chromosome morphology. electrophoretic polymorphisms: many proteins can be shown to be polymorphic by agarose or starch gel electrophoresis du ...
Demographic and evolutionary impacts of native and invasive insect
... size dependent and is a key determinant of fitness (Metcalf et al. 2003). In a constant environment, the main benefit of flowering at a large size is increased seed production, but this comes at a cost because the longer an individual waits to flower, the greater the chance of dying before reproduci ...
... size dependent and is a key determinant of fitness (Metcalf et al. 2003). In a constant environment, the main benefit of flowering at a large size is increased seed production, but this comes at a cost because the longer an individual waits to flower, the greater the chance of dying before reproduci ...
doc - Lonely Joe Parker
... meaningful convergence? The problem is compounded when considering genetic data, since over geological time frequent substitutions, both synonymous and nonsynonymous, occur at random. This means that parallel changes can certainly arise by chance, and simple calculation shows that a large number of ...
... meaningful convergence? The problem is compounded when considering genetic data, since over geological time frequent substitutions, both synonymous and nonsynonymous, occur at random. This means that parallel changes can certainly arise by chance, and simple calculation shows that a large number of ...
Corporate Profile
... Multilocus selection (particularly with epistasis) Assortative mating Random drift in small populations ...
... Multilocus selection (particularly with epistasis) Assortative mating Random drift in small populations ...
Worksheet 1: Cells—crossword
... • Different kinds of receptors are sensitive to different stimuli. For example, chemoreceptors are sensitive to chemical stimuli; mechanoreceptors are sensitive to physical stimuli; photoreceptors are sensitive to light; thermoreceptors are sensitive to changes in temperature. • Neurotransmitter is ...
... • Different kinds of receptors are sensitive to different stimuli. For example, chemoreceptors are sensitive to chemical stimuli; mechanoreceptors are sensitive to physical stimuli; photoreceptors are sensitive to light; thermoreceptors are sensitive to changes in temperature. • Neurotransmitter is ...
Background and Overview of Comparative Genomics
... Hunt Morgan and his students, using crosses in fruit flies. This discovery followed observations in the early 1900s that some genes acted as if they were "linked" together in the offspring, whereas others segregated independently, according to Mendel's laws. Linkage was explained by the tendency of ...
... Hunt Morgan and his students, using crosses in fruit flies. This discovery followed observations in the early 1900s that some genes acted as if they were "linked" together in the offspring, whereas others segregated independently, according to Mendel's laws. Linkage was explained by the tendency of ...
J Mol Evol (2007) 65:541–554 - digital
... proteins or cancer-infected cells. Class II molecules are primarily expressed on antigen-presenting cells of the immune system and bind peptides derived from the processing of extracellular pathogens such as bacteria or parasites. The MHC class II protein consists of two amino acid chains, called a ...
... proteins or cancer-infected cells. Class II molecules are primarily expressed on antigen-presenting cells of the immune system and bind peptides derived from the processing of extracellular pathogens such as bacteria or parasites. The MHC class II protein consists of two amino acid chains, called a ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.