Chapter 13 PowerPoint File
... are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and will reproduce more successfully than those that do not have such traits. • Darwin called this differential rate of reproduction ...
... are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and will reproduce more successfully than those that do not have such traits. • Darwin called this differential rate of reproduction ...
ppt
... 2) All genes transferred to every offspring 3) Offspring survival high in same environment Costs 1) “Muller’s ratchet” 2) Mutation (rare) only source of variation 3) Offspring survival is “all or none” in a changing environment ...
... 2) All genes transferred to every offspring 3) Offspring survival high in same environment Costs 1) “Muller’s ratchet” 2) Mutation (rare) only source of variation 3) Offspring survival is “all or none” in a changing environment ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... Thus, at least one syntagm for axon guidance seems to have been conserved between worms, flies and vertebrates. ...
... Thus, at least one syntagm for axon guidance seems to have been conserved between worms, flies and vertebrates. ...
A new method to detect causative mutations in fibrinogen
... genetic variants in are correlated with fibrinogen levels (2). These variants could define the concentration of plasma fibrinogen, and they correlate with hematological parameters. Still, a full span of effects on fibrinogen could be observed, from functional defects without affecting the total amou ...
... genetic variants in are correlated with fibrinogen levels (2). These variants could define the concentration of plasma fibrinogen, and they correlate with hematological parameters. Still, a full span of effects on fibrinogen could be observed, from functional defects without affecting the total amou ...
Document
... • The addition of alleles is not additive. • Dominance is one type of variation where alleles interact (between sister alleles on other chromosome). • The effect of an allele depends upon what it is paired with. • Because of this dependence, the outcome of dominance variation is not entirely predict ...
... • The addition of alleles is not additive. • Dominance is one type of variation where alleles interact (between sister alleles on other chromosome). • The effect of an allele depends upon what it is paired with. • Because of this dependence, the outcome of dominance variation is not entirely predict ...
Chapter 10
... • Advantage: recombination of the inherited traits of two parents; therefore, offspring may be able to survive environmental changes or other stress ...
... • Advantage: recombination of the inherited traits of two parents; therefore, offspring may be able to survive environmental changes or other stress ...
Theoretical perspectives on rapid evolutionary change
... evidence that large-effect alleles can contribute to phenotypic differences in quantitative traits. First, studies searching for quantitative trait loci (QTL) typically find some genomic regions that have a major effect on the phenotype. For example, among the QTL studies summarized by Lynch and Wals ...
... evidence that large-effect alleles can contribute to phenotypic differences in quantitative traits. First, studies searching for quantitative trait loci (QTL) typically find some genomic regions that have a major effect on the phenotype. For example, among the QTL studies summarized by Lynch and Wals ...
An investigation of the fitness and strength of selection on the white
... generations are relatively minor, differences accumulate with each subsequent generation and can, over time, cause substantial changes in the organisms. Inherited traits come from the genes that are passed on to offspring during reproduction. Mutations in genes can produce new or altered traits in i ...
... generations are relatively minor, differences accumulate with each subsequent generation and can, over time, cause substantial changes in the organisms. Inherited traits come from the genes that are passed on to offspring during reproduction. Mutations in genes can produce new or altered traits in i ...
Dobzhansky, Th. 1937. Further Data on the Variation of the Y
... The available information on the geographical distribution of the seven types of Y chromosome is summarized in map form in figure 2 (for race A) and figure 3 (for race B). It is obvious from these maps that each type is encountered in populations inhabiting a definite area, outside of which it is me ...
... The available information on the geographical distribution of the seven types of Y chromosome is summarized in map form in figure 2 (for race A) and figure 3 (for race B). It is obvious from these maps that each type is encountered in populations inhabiting a definite area, outside of which it is me ...
The impact of rapid evolution on population dynamics in the wild
... were initially composed of two different clones (10 individuals of each clone for a total of 20 aphids). We created all three-two-way combinations of clones (A–B, B–C and A–C). These populations have genetic variation in fitness (e.g. clone AÕs rm is greater than that of clone C) and the population ...
... were initially composed of two different clones (10 individuals of each clone for a total of 20 aphids). We created all three-two-way combinations of clones (A–B, B–C and A–C). These populations have genetic variation in fitness (e.g. clone AÕs rm is greater than that of clone C) and the population ...
Lecture 3 - Population genetics.key
... 3) Assume 3 penetrance functions: f_0, f_1, f_2 4) Simple to compute K=P(disease in population) 5) Assume random mating and HWE to get all possible genotypes for common ancestors 6) Use Mendel’s Laws to get offspring genotypes phenotypes and to compute P(both relatives affected) 7) E ...
... 3) Assume 3 penetrance functions: f_0, f_1, f_2 4) Simple to compute K=P(disease in population) 5) Assume random mating and HWE to get all possible genotypes for common ancestors 6) Use Mendel’s Laws to get offspring genotypes phenotypes and to compute P(both relatives affected) 7) E ...
Genomics of adaptation and speciation in cichlid fishes: recent
... 1. THE GENOMICS OF ADAPTATION AND SPECIATION IN CICHLIDS Cichlid fishes are spectacularly species-rich and phenotypically diverse in morphology, behaviour and coloration, and therefore have become a ‘non-model’ model system for studying genomic diversification by natural and sexual selection [1 – 3] ...
... 1. THE GENOMICS OF ADAPTATION AND SPECIATION IN CICHLIDS Cichlid fishes are spectacularly species-rich and phenotypically diverse in morphology, behaviour and coloration, and therefore have become a ‘non-model’ model system for studying genomic diversification by natural and sexual selection [1 – 3] ...
The impact of rapid evolution on population dynamics in the
... were initially composed of two different clones (10 individuals of each clone for a total of 20 aphids). We created all three-two-way combinations of clones (A–B, B–C and A–C). These populations have genetic variation in fitness (e.g. clone AÕs rm is greater than that of clone C) and the population ...
... were initially composed of two different clones (10 individuals of each clone for a total of 20 aphids). We created all three-two-way combinations of clones (A–B, B–C and A–C). These populations have genetic variation in fitness (e.g. clone AÕs rm is greater than that of clone C) and the population ...
AP BIO Lab 8: Population Genetics and Evolution
... 0.00048, this is equal to q2. After calculating the square root, q = 0.022. Then the frequency of the dominant allele is calculated: since p + q = 1, p = 1 – q or p = 1 – 0.022, p = 0.978. Having identified the values of p and q, the frequency of heterozygotes in the population can be determined: 2 ...
... 0.00048, this is equal to q2. After calculating the square root, q = 0.022. Then the frequency of the dominant allele is calculated: since p + q = 1, p = 1 – q or p = 1 – 0.022, p = 0.978. Having identified the values of p and q, the frequency of heterozygotes in the population can be determined: 2 ...
A Comparison of Dominance Mechanisms and Simple Mutation on
... the haploid which nds a solution within 20% of optimum in 60% of periods. However, if we look at periods in which the solution obtained was within 10% of optimum, (i.e. > 0:9), then we nd that Haploid-Recover outperforms ExtendedAdditive, with success rates of 35% and 15% respectively. Both method ...
... the haploid which nds a solution within 20% of optimum in 60% of periods. However, if we look at periods in which the solution obtained was within 10% of optimum, (i.e. > 0:9), then we nd that Haploid-Recover outperforms ExtendedAdditive, with success rates of 35% and 15% respectively. Both method ...
6 Social evolution theory: a review of methods and approaches
... inequality that later become known as Hamilton’s rule. The intuitive explanation is that when altruists help relatives reproduce this results in the indirect propagation of copies of the altruists’ own genes, thereby enabling a gene for altruism to spread ( Hamilton 1963, Dawkins 1976 ). Independent ...
... inequality that later become known as Hamilton’s rule. The intuitive explanation is that when altruists help relatives reproduce this results in the indirect propagation of copies of the altruists’ own genes, thereby enabling a gene for altruism to spread ( Hamilton 1963, Dawkins 1976 ). Independent ...
(VHL) for families - Cancer Council Australia
... disease that results from an error, or a mutation, in a gene called the VHL gene. Genes come in pairs and a child inherits one gene from each parent. The mutation may be transmitted from a parent to a child following a dominant pattern of inheritance. This means that if one parent has a mutation of ...
... disease that results from an error, or a mutation, in a gene called the VHL gene. Genes come in pairs and a child inherits one gene from each parent. The mutation may be transmitted from a parent to a child following a dominant pattern of inheritance. This means that if one parent has a mutation of ...
Genetic Testing for Hereditary Hemochromatosis
... infection, cancer, active rheumatoid arthritis], acute and chronic hepatitis), serum ferritin is a good marker of the degree of iron overload. The negative predictive value of a normal transferrin saturation and serum ferritin is 97%. In this situation, no further testing is recommended. 2011 Practi ...
... infection, cancer, active rheumatoid arthritis], acute and chronic hepatitis), serum ferritin is a good marker of the degree of iron overload. The negative predictive value of a normal transferrin saturation and serum ferritin is 97%. In this situation, no further testing is recommended. 2011 Practi ...
Marine Microbial Biodiversity - Society for Conservation Biology
... cultured. Several media with different compositions have been proposed for isolating new species (Martin & MacLeod 1984; Gonzalez & Moran 1997) and a dilution culture technique has been developed to isolate oligotrophic species, which do not grow on nutrient-rich media (Button et al. 1993). In contr ...
... cultured. Several media with different compositions have been proposed for isolating new species (Martin & MacLeod 1984; Gonzalez & Moran 1997) and a dilution culture technique has been developed to isolate oligotrophic species, which do not grow on nutrient-rich media (Button et al. 1993). In contr ...
fulltext
... all living organisms. The size of the human genome is approximately 3 Gb (3,000,000,000 bp) and a single bp variation at the wrong position in the genome can be deleterious for the individual. Despite this fact, genetic variation is high and there is a lot of non-deleterious variation to be found. T ...
... all living organisms. The size of the human genome is approximately 3 Gb (3,000,000,000 bp) and a single bp variation at the wrong position in the genome can be deleterious for the individual. Despite this fact, genetic variation is high and there is a lot of non-deleterious variation to be found. T ...
Causes, consequences and solutions of
... Phylogenetic analysis is used to recover the evolutionary history of species, genes or proteins. Understanding phylogenetic relationships between organisms is a prerequisite of almost any evolutionary study, as contemporary species all share a common history through their ancestry. Moreover, it is i ...
... Phylogenetic analysis is used to recover the evolutionary history of species, genes or proteins. Understanding phylogenetic relationships between organisms is a prerequisite of almost any evolutionary study, as contemporary species all share a common history through their ancestry. Moreover, it is i ...
Document
... Who should be offered genetic testing and/or referral for genetic consultation? • Referral to Genetic or Metabolic specialists should be considered for individuals who: Present at a very young age (i.e. less than 10 years) Display a strong family history in keeping with Mendelian inheritance (domin ...
... Who should be offered genetic testing and/or referral for genetic consultation? • Referral to Genetic or Metabolic specialists should be considered for individuals who: Present at a very young age (i.e. less than 10 years) Display a strong family history in keeping with Mendelian inheritance (domin ...
Multi-parent's niche: n-ary crossovers on NK-landscapes
... Unary operators, such as mutation, correspond to asexual, while binary operators, such as crossover, correspond to sexual reproduction. Mutation is always used in an EA, recombination can be either used or not. In this sense sexuality is a Boolean feature: on or off. By the generalization of the bin ...
... Unary operators, such as mutation, correspond to asexual, while binary operators, such as crossover, correspond to sexual reproduction. Mutation is always used in an EA, recombination can be either used or not. In this sense sexuality is a Boolean feature: on or off. By the generalization of the bin ...
Genetic Testing of Inherited Cardiac Disorders
... testing post-mortem blood/tissue samples or Guthrie card, however the quality of DNA being tested is often diminished making this technically challenging. It is now well established that a small proportion of families have more than one disease-causing mutation, in either different alleles of the sa ...
... testing post-mortem blood/tissue samples or Guthrie card, however the quality of DNA being tested is often diminished making this technically challenging. It is now well established that a small proportion of families have more than one disease-causing mutation, in either different alleles of the sa ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.