Bringing schizophrenia into the Darwinian fold
... predisposing to psychotic illness, that this asymmetry gene is present in homologous form on both the X and Y chromosomes, and that language, psychosis and cerebral asymmetry have a common evolutionary origin in a critical change occurring on this sex chromosome gene.43–45 Although skeptical of the ...
... predisposing to psychotic illness, that this asymmetry gene is present in homologous form on both the X and Y chromosomes, and that language, psychosis and cerebral asymmetry have a common evolutionary origin in a critical change occurring on this sex chromosome gene.43–45 Although skeptical of the ...
Text S1.
... rearing, one of which also curled in a ball when lifted up and 5 (15%) seemed tottery and fell from side to side when walking and curled up in a ball when lifted up. Since +/dfw lose their Preyer reflex by about 1-2 months of age, this test was not a useful discriminator for these mice. Compound het ...
... rearing, one of which also curled in a ball when lifted up and 5 (15%) seemed tottery and fell from side to side when walking and curled up in a ball when lifted up. Since +/dfw lose their Preyer reflex by about 1-2 months of age, this test was not a useful discriminator for these mice. Compound het ...
Evolution of Steroid Receptors
... for the ancestral CR and extant MRs are underlined; cortisol, the ligand for the tetrapod GR, is overlined. The terminal addition of aldosterone is in green. Asterisks, steps catalyzed by the cytochrome P-450 11bhydroxylase enzyme; only the tetrapod enzyme can catalyze the step marked with a green a ...
... for the ancestral CR and extant MRs are underlined; cortisol, the ligand for the tetrapod GR, is overlined. The terminal addition of aldosterone is in green. Asterisks, steps catalyzed by the cytochrome P-450 11bhydroxylase enzyme; only the tetrapod enzyme can catalyze the step marked with a green a ...
NON-RANDOM MATING AND INBREEDING -1
... coefficient of a child produced by D and E would equal 1/4. In other words, a child of sib-mating is expected to be homozygous (identical by descent) for 1/4 of its gene loci, on average. Remember, this is an expectation that is associated with a binomial sampling variance. The realized FI's would r ...
... coefficient of a child produced by D and E would equal 1/4. In other words, a child of sib-mating is expected to be homozygous (identical by descent) for 1/4 of its gene loci, on average. Remember, this is an expectation that is associated with a binomial sampling variance. The realized FI's would r ...
The Relation between Multilocus Population Genetics and Social
... The formal basis of evolutionary theory rests upon population genetics, the study of mechanical population processes such as natural selection, mutation, migration, and random drift (Crow and Kimura 1970; Provine 1971). Proper prediction of the course of evolutionary change requires a full descripti ...
... The formal basis of evolutionary theory rests upon population genetics, the study of mechanical population processes such as natural selection, mutation, migration, and random drift (Crow and Kimura 1970; Provine 1971). Proper prediction of the course of evolutionary change requires a full descripti ...
REINDEER HEREDITY SUMMARY SHEET
... 6. Draw a single stranded chromosome with one gene labeled on the chromosome….like we drew in our activity. This was a useful drawing for us….but is it very accurate drawing? _________ EXPLAIN ...
... 6. Draw a single stranded chromosome with one gene labeled on the chromosome….like we drew in our activity. This was a useful drawing for us….but is it very accurate drawing? _________ EXPLAIN ...
Simple allelic-phenotype diversity and differentiation
... disomy; and (c, f, i) allohexaploid M. annua showing fixed heterozygosity. The rows are: (a–c) gel photo; (d–f) interpretation of band presence and approximate intensity; and (g–i) allelic interpretation. PGI functions as a homodimer. Thus, when two alleles with different electrophoretic mobilities ...
... disomy; and (c, f, i) allohexaploid M. annua showing fixed heterozygosity. The rows are: (a–c) gel photo; (d–f) interpretation of band presence and approximate intensity; and (g–i) allelic interpretation. PGI functions as a homodimer. Thus, when two alleles with different electrophoretic mobilities ...
Pre´cis of Evolution in Four Dimensions
... One thing that most mid- and late-20th century evolutionists were unwilling to incorporate into their theory was the possibility that the generation of new variations might be influenced by environmental conditions, and, hence, that not all inherited variation is “random” in origin. During the first ...
... One thing that most mid- and late-20th century evolutionists were unwilling to incorporate into their theory was the possibility that the generation of new variations might be influenced by environmental conditions, and, hence, that not all inherited variation is “random” in origin. During the first ...
The evolutionary significance of phenotypic
... The direction of this prey-induced continuous variation in jaw shape was reversible by a change in diet. In this case, however, fish whose jaw morphology was not adapted to the diet did not grow more slowly than fish that had adapted. When the flake-fed fish were switched to an Artemia diet, their g ...
... The direction of this prey-induced continuous variation in jaw shape was reversible by a change in diet. In this case, however, fish whose jaw morphology was not adapted to the diet did not grow more slowly than fish that had adapted. When the flake-fed fish were switched to an Artemia diet, their g ...
Evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance in SPG3A
... Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. Autosomal dominant and ‘pure’ forms of HSP account for B80% of cases in Western societies of whom 10% carry atlastin-1 (ATL1) gene mutations. We ...
... Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. Autosomal dominant and ‘pure’ forms of HSP account for B80% of cases in Western societies of whom 10% carry atlastin-1 (ATL1) gene mutations. We ...
Widening the adaptation of white clover by incorporation of valuable
... adapted to semi-arid or dry, infertile soils and is susceptible to a wide array of pests. Searches for white clover populations with strong adaptations to such conditions have been unsuccessful. However, white clover and its progenitors and close relatives belong to a group that is undergoing adapti ...
... adapted to semi-arid or dry, infertile soils and is susceptible to a wide array of pests. Searches for white clover populations with strong adaptations to such conditions have been unsuccessful. However, white clover and its progenitors and close relatives belong to a group that is undergoing adapti ...
Tools for functional annotation
... • Does it include my species of interest? • When were the annotations last updated? • Can I add my own annotations? • Does it tell me how many of my genes are used for the analysis? • Does it account for “not” annotations? • Does it display IEA annotations? • What are the input IDS it accepts? • Doe ...
... • Does it include my species of interest? • When were the annotations last updated? • Can I add my own annotations? • Does it tell me how many of my genes are used for the analysis? • Does it account for “not” annotations? • Does it display IEA annotations? • What are the input IDS it accepts? • Doe ...
Trait selection in flowering plants: how does sexual selection
... Here, we review a handful of studies that have investigated how traits that affect pollinator visitation can be considered as being under sexual selection via either male or female function (see Table 1 for an overview). We chose these studies because they investigated male and female function using ...
... Here, we review a handful of studies that have investigated how traits that affect pollinator visitation can be considered as being under sexual selection via either male or female function (see Table 1 for an overview). We chose these studies because they investigated male and female function using ...
Asexual reproduction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... caducous phylloid germinating fusion of gametes), mechanisms for lateral gene transfer such as conjugation, transformation and transduction are sometimes likened to sexual reproduction (or at least with sex, in the sense of genetic recombination).[1] A complete lack of sexual reproduction is relativ ...
... caducous phylloid germinating fusion of gametes), mechanisms for lateral gene transfer such as conjugation, transformation and transduction are sometimes likened to sexual reproduction (or at least with sex, in the sense of genetic recombination).[1] A complete lack of sexual reproduction is relativ ...
in silico PCR-RFLP of Bacillus species: a problem
... et al., 2004). Unfortunately, these published results appear to be specific and focus on probiotic species (including those are of great importance in industry only). It should also be noted that the molecular techniques used for taxonomic identification still remains unclear to most biologists. Add ...
... et al., 2004). Unfortunately, these published results appear to be specific and focus on probiotic species (including those are of great importance in industry only). It should also be noted that the molecular techniques used for taxonomic identification still remains unclear to most biologists. Add ...
Correlations between sex rate estimates and fitness across
... and transported to the laboratory. Sampling locations had been analysed previously and found to be genetically isolated as shown by significant differentiation and little overlap in genotype composition (see also this study). Sites differed in genotypic diversity and genotypic evenness, which is lik ...
... and transported to the laboratory. Sampling locations had been analysed previously and found to be genetically isolated as shown by significant differentiation and little overlap in genotype composition (see also this study). Sites differed in genotypic diversity and genotypic evenness, which is lik ...
"Engineering Large Animal Species to Model Human Diseases". In
... in 1985 when Hammer and co-workers developed pigs, sheep, and rabbits expressing a human growth hormone (Hammer et al., 1985). This was accomplished by direct pronuclear injection of the transgene construct into a zygote. Additional transgenic livestock animals followed, expressing either economical ...
... in 1985 when Hammer and co-workers developed pigs, sheep, and rabbits expressing a human growth hormone (Hammer et al., 1985). This was accomplished by direct pronuclear injection of the transgene construct into a zygote. Additional transgenic livestock animals followed, expressing either economical ...
INTEGRATING MULTIPLE EVOLUTIONARY
... The most direct way to slow inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity is to support larger populations. Unfortunately, zoos are limited by resources and space, and the decision to devote more resources to one species means that others will suffer (Conway, 1986). Every captive species has a define ...
... The most direct way to slow inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity is to support larger populations. Unfortunately, zoos are limited by resources and space, and the decision to devote more resources to one species means that others will suffer (Conway, 1986). Every captive species has a define ...
1 is
... that are Y bearing, and half that are X bearing. One human abnormality, called red-green color blindness, is the result of a recessive gene carried on the X chromosome. It has no allele on the Y. Consequently, the genotypes CC, Cc and cc are possible in females, but a male must be either CY or cY. ...
... that are Y bearing, and half that are X bearing. One human abnormality, called red-green color blindness, is the result of a recessive gene carried on the X chromosome. It has no allele on the Y. Consequently, the genotypes CC, Cc and cc are possible in females, but a male must be either CY or cY. ...
3. The Approach
... B) Increase of efficiency of execution of XGP parallelism: • Improving the computational performance: XML representation of both the schema and the genetic programs is a feasible format for migration of agents in parallel, distributed ...
... B) Increase of efficiency of execution of XGP parallelism: • Improving the computational performance: XML representation of both the schema and the genetic programs is a feasible format for migration of agents in parallel, distributed ...
Optimisation of long term breeding including grandparental balance
... Clone testing possible for spruce but not pine CVAm = 14% (additive variation in value (volume) among trees at mature age) Dominance variance ¼ of additive Heritability almost 0.2 (within family heritability =0.1) Note than in breeding cycler papers 2000-2005 is the population considered a single fu ...
... Clone testing possible for spruce but not pine CVAm = 14% (additive variation in value (volume) among trees at mature age) Dominance variance ¼ of additive Heritability almost 0.2 (within family heritability =0.1) Note than in breeding cycler papers 2000-2005 is the population considered a single fu ...
What We Have Also Learned: Adaptive Speciation is
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
The evolutionary origins of inflammation
... primates such as anthropoid apes are all of years ago. These genes have not changed -‐ it is subject to inflammatory responses. Nearly all the conditions in which they have to operate ...
... primates such as anthropoid apes are all of years ago. These genes have not changed -‐ it is subject to inflammatory responses. Nearly all the conditions in which they have to operate ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.