DARWIN
... William Whewell (1794*1866) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). In 1833 Whewell contributed his Astronomy and General Physics Considered witlt reference to Natural Theology to the Bridgewater Treatises. In 1837 he published his History of the Inductiue Sciencesand in 1840 The Philosophy of Inductiue S ...
... William Whewell (1794*1866) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). In 1833 Whewell contributed his Astronomy and General Physics Considered witlt reference to Natural Theology to the Bridgewater Treatises. In 1837 he published his History of the Inductiue Sciencesand in 1840 The Philosophy of Inductiue S ...
5.1.2 Meiosis and Variation
... Explain how the figure above supports the hypothesis that the type of speciation named in (i) has occurred in seahorses. ...
... Explain how the figure above supports the hypothesis that the type of speciation named in (i) has occurred in seahorses. ...
LAB II - Reed College
... In order to answer the first question (What is the effect of initial allele frequency on the time to fixation or loss of an allele from a population using ANOVA?), we will design an experiment where the null hypothesis is that there is no significant effect of initial allele frequency on the amount ...
... In order to answer the first question (What is the effect of initial allele frequency on the time to fixation or loss of an allele from a population using ANOVA?), we will design an experiment where the null hypothesis is that there is no significant effect of initial allele frequency on the amount ...
Population Genetics
... •Dominant deleterious alleles disappear quickly. •Recessive deleterious alleles are eliminated when homozygotes appear and fail to reproduce. The collection of recessive deleterious alleles present in a population is called the genetic load. ...
... •Dominant deleterious alleles disappear quickly. •Recessive deleterious alleles are eliminated when homozygotes appear and fail to reproduce. The collection of recessive deleterious alleles present in a population is called the genetic load. ...
Rowing locomotion by a stonefly that possesses the ancestral
... A leading hypothesis for the origin of insect wings is that they evolved from thoracic gills that were serial homologues of the abdominal gills present in fossil pterygotes and in the nymphs of some modern mayflies, damselflies and stoneflies. Co-occurrence of thoracic wings and abdominal gills is t ...
... A leading hypothesis for the origin of insect wings is that they evolved from thoracic gills that were serial homologues of the abdominal gills present in fossil pterygotes and in the nymphs of some modern mayflies, damselflies and stoneflies. Co-occurrence of thoracic wings and abdominal gills is t ...
Document
... – there are many varieties with distinct heritable features, or characters - such as flower color • character variations (such as purple or white flowers) are called traits ...
... – there are many varieties with distinct heritable features, or characters - such as flower color • character variations (such as purple or white flowers) are called traits ...
SquirrelsVancouver
... Some Twin study evidence Using standard twin-study methodology, researchers find risk preferences to be 2/3 genetically and 1/3 environmentally determined, but found “no effect of shared (observed) environmental factors” Another twin study finds 50% of variance in compulsive hoarding to be geneti ...
... Some Twin study evidence Using standard twin-study methodology, researchers find risk preferences to be 2/3 genetically and 1/3 environmentally determined, but found “no effect of shared (observed) environmental factors” Another twin study finds 50% of variance in compulsive hoarding to be geneti ...
On the explanatory roles of natural selection
... individuals have the traits they do – usually draw upon the distinction between variational and developmental explanations. Due to certain explanatory or metaphysical assumptions population level properties must receive variational explanations and individual level properties must receive developmen ...
... individuals have the traits they do – usually draw upon the distinction between variational and developmental explanations. Due to certain explanatory or metaphysical assumptions population level properties must receive variational explanations and individual level properties must receive developmen ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Griffith in 1928 (Griffith, 1928) when he studied the conditions responsible for acquisition of a capsule by unencapsulated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The molecular basis of this phenomenon was not understood, however, before DNA was identified as the transforming agent by Avery and co-wor ...
... Griffith in 1928 (Griffith, 1928) when he studied the conditions responsible for acquisition of a capsule by unencapsulated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The molecular basis of this phenomenon was not understood, however, before DNA was identified as the transforming agent by Avery and co-wor ...
Rate of Gene Transfer From Mitochondria to Nucleus
... indicated by a superscript . According to these definitions, in the initial stage an individual genotype is represented by A A =M 1, implying that the focused gene is coded by mitochondria only. On the other hand, after the transfer of the gene from mitochondrial to nuclear genomes has taken plac ...
... indicated by a superscript . According to these definitions, in the initial stage an individual genotype is represented by A A =M 1, implying that the focused gene is coded by mitochondria only. On the other hand, after the transfer of the gene from mitochondrial to nuclear genomes has taken plac ...
introduction to molecular phylogeny
... tree (that whose total branch length is minimum). In that sense, the NJ method is very similar to parsimony because branch lengths represent substitutions. NJ produces always unrooted trees, that need to be rooted by the outgroup method. NJ always finds the correct tree if distances are tree-like. N ...
... tree (that whose total branch length is minimum). In that sense, the NJ method is very similar to parsimony because branch lengths represent substitutions. NJ produces always unrooted trees, that need to be rooted by the outgroup method. NJ always finds the correct tree if distances are tree-like. N ...
Gene Pool Recombination in Genetic Algorithms
... to an optimum — selection, mutation and recombination. Understanding the evolution of genetic populations is still an important problem for biology and for scientific breeding. Mühlenbein and Schlierkamp-Voosen (1993, 1994) have introduced classical approaches from population genetics, the science ...
... to an optimum — selection, mutation and recombination. Understanding the evolution of genetic populations is still an important problem for biology and for scientific breeding. Mühlenbein and Schlierkamp-Voosen (1993, 1994) have introduced classical approaches from population genetics, the science ...
CHAPTER 14 Quantitative Genetics
... 1. Traits in individuals are often correlated, due to the pleiotropic effects of genes and environmental factors. Height and weight, for example, are aspects of a more general trait size. a. When traits are correlated, change in one is associated with change in the other (e.g., human leg and arm len ...
... 1. Traits in individuals are often correlated, due to the pleiotropic effects of genes and environmental factors. Height and weight, for example, are aspects of a more general trait size. a. When traits are correlated, change in one is associated with change in the other (e.g., human leg and arm len ...
The Origin of Species
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Earth, has become a major concern. In particular, the way in which habitat disturbances affect species diversity is now increasingly studied. Anthropogenic disturbances resulting in abrupt changes towards hostile environmental conditions (e.g. use of insecticides or herbicides, or soil, air and wate ...
... Earth, has become a major concern. In particular, the way in which habitat disturbances affect species diversity is now increasingly studied. Anthropogenic disturbances resulting in abrupt changes towards hostile environmental conditions (e.g. use of insecticides or herbicides, or soil, air and wate ...
Bacterial gut symbionts are tightly linked with the
... ant subfamilies. We were able to classify each ant species as carnivorous or herbivorous based on the amount of heavy and light nitrogen (15N/14N) within the ants' tissues. By uniting the two datasets, we were then able to determine whether microbial symbionts were particularly associated with herbi ...
... ant subfamilies. We were able to classify each ant species as carnivorous or herbivorous based on the amount of heavy and light nitrogen (15N/14N) within the ants' tissues. By uniting the two datasets, we were then able to determine whether microbial symbionts were particularly associated with herbi ...
article - Aquatic Invasions
... latitudes, and some species potentially become invasive in non-native regions. Among these, photosymbiotic ascidians are high-risk candidates because their cyanobacterial symbionts are known to produce various toxins (e.g., Donia et al. 2011), and the host ascidians are probably subjected to little ...
... latitudes, and some species potentially become invasive in non-native regions. Among these, photosymbiotic ascidians are high-risk candidates because their cyanobacterial symbionts are known to produce various toxins (e.g., Donia et al. 2011), and the host ascidians are probably subjected to little ...
Boys and Girls Come Out to Play: The Molecular
... Renner and Ricklefs, 1995), sexual specialization of male and female ¯owers is common. Staminate ¯owers are often borne on long, pendulous and ¯exible in¯orescences which aid pollen dispersal, while female ¯owers and in¯orescences are generally more rigid and have feathery stigmas (Faegri and Pijl, ...
... Renner and Ricklefs, 1995), sexual specialization of male and female ¯owers is common. Staminate ¯owers are often borne on long, pendulous and ¯exible in¯orescences which aid pollen dispersal, while female ¯owers and in¯orescences are generally more rigid and have feathery stigmas (Faegri and Pijl, ...
A comparison of biological and cultural evolution
... solution bears the name Hamilton’s rule, or ‘kin selection’. The model explains that cooperation, or in this case the helping of other individuals to reproduce, is cost-effective in the evolutionary sense if the costs of the social behaviour for the fitness of the helper are lower than the benefits fo ...
... solution bears the name Hamilton’s rule, or ‘kin selection’. The model explains that cooperation, or in this case the helping of other individuals to reproduce, is cost-effective in the evolutionary sense if the costs of the social behaviour for the fitness of the helper are lower than the benefits fo ...
Text S1.
... rearing, one of which also curled in a ball when lifted up and 5 (15%) seemed tottery and fell from side to side when walking and curled up in a ball when lifted up. Since +/dfw lose their Preyer reflex by about 1-2 months of age, this test was not a useful discriminator for these mice. Compound het ...
... rearing, one of which also curled in a ball when lifted up and 5 (15%) seemed tottery and fell from side to side when walking and curled up in a ball when lifted up. Since +/dfw lose their Preyer reflex by about 1-2 months of age, this test was not a useful discriminator for these mice. Compound het ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.