Charles Darwin Meets Amoeba economicus: Why Natural Selection
... Ockham’s razor with a redundant theoretical route, i.e., claim that minute rational calculations are only “as-if” rational and attribute them to a genetic program selected by natural selection? In addition, we would have to undertake a somewhat unwarranted theoretical route, to avoid further violati ...
... Ockham’s razor with a redundant theoretical route, i.e., claim that minute rational calculations are only “as-if” rational and attribute them to a genetic program selected by natural selection? In addition, we would have to undertake a somewhat unwarranted theoretical route, to avoid further violati ...
Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of
... into account recent analysis of the ribosomal operon or recently identified obligately intracellular organisms that have a chlamydia-like developmental cycle of replication. Neither does it provide a systematic rationale for identifying n e w strains. In this study, phylogenetic analyses of the 165 ...
... into account recent analysis of the ribosomal operon or recently identified obligately intracellular organisms that have a chlamydia-like developmental cycle of replication. Neither does it provide a systematic rationale for identifying n e w strains. In this study, phylogenetic analyses of the 165 ...
Hereditary ataxias: overview
... there are reduced-penetrance alleles that may or may not cause the disease in an individual; the probability of disease in persons with such alleles is typically unknown. Interpretation of test results in which the CAG repeat length is at the interface between the allele categories mutable normal/re ...
... there are reduced-penetrance alleles that may or may not cause the disease in an individual; the probability of disease in persons with such alleles is typically unknown. Interpretation of test results in which the CAG repeat length is at the interface between the allele categories mutable normal/re ...
Inbreeding in Swine, nsif-fs4 - National Swine Improvement Federation
... originate in seedstock herds. Inbreeding affects rate of genetic improvement in several ways. There is a small increase in prepotency (the degree to which a boar or gilt will pass his or her characteristics consistently). This is more than counteracted by the decline in selection intensity and loss ...
... originate in seedstock herds. Inbreeding affects rate of genetic improvement in several ways. There is a small increase in prepotency (the degree to which a boar or gilt will pass his or her characteristics consistently). This is more than counteracted by the decline in selection intensity and loss ...
In Cold Blood: The Evolution of Psychopathy
... Cooke et al., 2007)? Or are some aggressive and violent behaviors actually so much at the core of psychopathy that such antisocial behaviors are actually most diagnostic (e.g., Harris et al., 2007)? It is likely that not all the phenotypic traits of psychopathy have so far been optimally identified. ...
... Cooke et al., 2007)? Or are some aggressive and violent behaviors actually so much at the core of psychopathy that such antisocial behaviors are actually most diagnostic (e.g., Harris et al., 2007)? It is likely that not all the phenotypic traits of psychopathy have so far been optimally identified. ...
TP53 mutations occur in 15.7% of ALL and are associated with MYC
... infrequent13 (2% to 3%), although other studies suggest a much higher percentage of TP53 alterations (30% to 40%), if analyses do not merely focus on TP53 mutations and deletions but also include promoter hypermethylation.6 Generally, TP53 mutations mainly have been investigated in children, where t ...
... infrequent13 (2% to 3%), although other studies suggest a much higher percentage of TP53 alterations (30% to 40%), if analyses do not merely focus on TP53 mutations and deletions but also include promoter hypermethylation.6 Generally, TP53 mutations mainly have been investigated in children, where t ...
Biology 32: Evolutionary Biology Computer simulations of
... (Note: You can confirm this by running this simulation over 100,000 generations). There are two possible hypotheses for why allele A1 is not lost completely. The first hypothesis is that mutation from A2 to A1 recreates allele A1 faster than A1 is being eliminated by selection. How can you test this ...
... (Note: You can confirm this by running this simulation over 100,000 generations). There are two possible hypotheses for why allele A1 is not lost completely. The first hypothesis is that mutation from A2 to A1 recreates allele A1 faster than A1 is being eliminated by selection. How can you test this ...
Monohybrid Practice
... for pink plants as possible? Explain why or why not. If not, explain which genotype would be best. ...
... for pink plants as possible? Explain why or why not. If not, explain which genotype would be best. ...
Parallel Evolution of Copy-Number Variation across Continents in
... similar for the Australian and North American data. Although we cannot rule out recurrent mutation causing CNVs with identical or very similar breakpoints for some of these pairs of highly overlapping CNVs, it is likely that much of the parallel differentiation on the two continents is the result of ...
... similar for the Australian and North American data. Although we cannot rule out recurrent mutation causing CNVs with identical or very similar breakpoints for some of these pairs of highly overlapping CNVs, it is likely that much of the parallel differentiation on the two continents is the result of ...
Forward Genetics
... # of recombinations occurred to the left of egl # of recombinations occurred to the right of egl ...
... # of recombinations occurred to the left of egl # of recombinations occurred to the right of egl ...
w SS G
... Exposed s alleles Number of Exposed s alleles: 2(1,000,000)(0.02) = 40,000 s alleles Number of Hidden s alleles: 1(1,000,000)(0.24) = 240,000 s alleles 6 times as more alleles Hidden than Exposed! 11 ...
... Exposed s alleles Number of Exposed s alleles: 2(1,000,000)(0.02) = 40,000 s alleles Number of Hidden s alleles: 1(1,000,000)(0.24) = 240,000 s alleles 6 times as more alleles Hidden than Exposed! 11 ...
Evolutionary Search on Fitness Landscapes with Neutral Networks
... problems, then there is guaranteed to exist another class of problems for which the same algorithm performs worse than random search. Thus we can say for certain that there is no such thing as an effective “general purpose” search algorithm. The obverse is that the more we know about a class of prob ...
... problems, then there is guaranteed to exist another class of problems for which the same algorithm performs worse than random search. Thus we can say for certain that there is no such thing as an effective “general purpose” search algorithm. The obverse is that the more we know about a class of prob ...
The pleiotropic structure of the genotype–phenotype
... rather than by removing or creating an entire gene. Mutational pleiotropy tends to be smaller than gene plei‑ otropy (for examples, see REF. 25). nevertheless, one can argue that the pleiotropy of knockout genotypes gives an upper limit of mutational pleiotropy, as it is plausible that a complete lo ...
... rather than by removing or creating an entire gene. Mutational pleiotropy tends to be smaller than gene plei‑ otropy (for examples, see REF. 25). nevertheless, one can argue that the pleiotropy of knockout genotypes gives an upper limit of mutational pleiotropy, as it is plausible that a complete lo ...
PTENgene and carcinoma of the endometrium
... growth and proliferation that is recognized as a malignant tumour. ...
... growth and proliferation that is recognized as a malignant tumour. ...
From the "Modern Synthesis" to cybernetics: Ivan Ivanovich
... (1842–1915). He missed the deadline, however, because of illness. Around this time Schmalhausen became acquainted with the founder of the Russian school of evolutionary morphology, Alexej N. Sewertzoff (1866–1936), who in the same year (1902) took up a Chair in Zoology in Kiev. This coincidence was ...
... (1842–1915). He missed the deadline, however, because of illness. Around this time Schmalhausen became acquainted with the founder of the Russian school of evolutionary morphology, Alexej N. Sewertzoff (1866–1936), who in the same year (1902) took up a Chair in Zoology in Kiev. This coincidence was ...
Persistence and dispersion of Acinetobacter spp. in the urban water
... genus Acinetobacter should comprise only oxidase-negative strains. This division was supported by the use of several phenotypic tests, which have now been used for over three decades as the basis for inclusion of individual isolates within the genus (Bergogne-Berezin & Towner, 1996). ...
... genus Acinetobacter should comprise only oxidase-negative strains. This division was supported by the use of several phenotypic tests, which have now been used for over three decades as the basis for inclusion of individual isolates within the genus (Bergogne-Berezin & Towner, 1996). ...
Recruitment of CRABS CLAW to promote nectary development
... perianth positions in basal taxa to central positions associated with reproductive organs in more derived taxa. In addition, extrafloral nectaries are currently known in 68 angiosperm families (Elias, 1983). Their structures and locations are also diverse across the families, although they occur mos ...
... perianth positions in basal taxa to central positions associated with reproductive organs in more derived taxa. In addition, extrafloral nectaries are currently known in 68 angiosperm families (Elias, 1983). Their structures and locations are also diverse across the families, although they occur mos ...
Fitness landscapes of gene regulation in variable - UvA-DARE
... The evolution of gene regulation is a major open question in biology. Regulatory systems not only allow organisms to respond to a variable environment, but are themselves shaped by evolution under a variable selective pressure. When adaptation is approached as an optimization process, a variable env ...
... The evolution of gene regulation is a major open question in biology. Regulatory systems not only allow organisms to respond to a variable environment, but are themselves shaped by evolution under a variable selective pressure. When adaptation is approached as an optimization process, a variable env ...
QuantGen posted
... win the Kentucky Derby. If she breeds her mare to a really fast stallion, how likely is it that the colt will be faster than all the other three-year-olds when it runs in the Derby? ...
... win the Kentucky Derby. If she breeds her mare to a really fast stallion, how likely is it that the colt will be faster than all the other three-year-olds when it runs in the Derby? ...
QuantGen posted
... win the Kentucky Derby. If she breeds her mare to a really fast stallion, how likely is it that the colt will be faster than all the other three-year-olds when it runs in the Derby? ...
... win the Kentucky Derby. If she breeds her mare to a really fast stallion, how likely is it that the colt will be faster than all the other three-year-olds when it runs in the Derby? ...
FilmArray Blood Culture Panel Procedure in CLSI Template
... When 2nd stage PCR is complete, the FilmArray instrument performs a high resolution DNA melting analysis on the PCR products and measures the fluorescence signal generated in each well (for more information see FilmArray Operator’s Manual). The FilmArray software then performs several analyses and a ...
... When 2nd stage PCR is complete, the FilmArray instrument performs a high resolution DNA melting analysis on the PCR products and measures the fluorescence signal generated in each well (for more information see FilmArray Operator’s Manual). The FilmArray software then performs several analyses and a ...
DIFFERENTIAL GENE RESPONSE TO MUTAGENS IN
... The F, daughter could reveal the phenotypic manifestations of the gene under test if the paternal X has been affected by the treatment so as to carry: 1 ) an induced “visible” allelomorphic to the marker or 2) an induced “visible” as above together with a lethal somewhere else on the chromosome or 3 ...
... The F, daughter could reveal the phenotypic manifestations of the gene under test if the paternal X has been affected by the treatment so as to carry: 1 ) an induced “visible” allelomorphic to the marker or 2) an induced “visible” as above together with a lethal somewhere else on the chromosome or 3 ...
Notes on Population Genetics
... We can define an inbred individual as an individual whose parents are more closely related to each other than two random individuals drawn from some reference population. When two related individuals produce an offspring, that individual can receive two alleles that are identical by descent, i.e. th ...
... We can define an inbred individual as an individual whose parents are more closely related to each other than two random individuals drawn from some reference population. When two related individuals produce an offspring, that individual can receive two alleles that are identical by descent, i.e. th ...
Perrin 2012
... back to one billion years at least. Sex was a highly successful story right from the beginning, boosting the evolutionary potential of lineages that practiced it. Purely asexual lineages are nowadays extremely rare, and, with very few exceptions, of recent origin (i.e., short lived). Surprisingly, h ...
... back to one billion years at least. Sex was a highly successful story right from the beginning, boosting the evolutionary potential of lineages that practiced it. Purely asexual lineages are nowadays extremely rare, and, with very few exceptions, of recent origin (i.e., short lived). Surprisingly, h ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.