reflections on Leeuwenhoek (1677) `Concerning little animals`
... Leeuwenhoek also sent eight testimonies from gentlemen of repute—a Lutheran minister, a notary and a barrister, among others. It is striking to the modern reader that none of these gentlemen were natural philosophers acquainted with the methods of science; but according to the historian Steven Shapi ...
... Leeuwenhoek also sent eight testimonies from gentlemen of repute—a Lutheran minister, a notary and a barrister, among others. It is striking to the modern reader that none of these gentlemen were natural philosophers acquainted with the methods of science; but according to the historian Steven Shapi ...
reflections on Leeuwenhoek (1677) `Concerning little
... Leeuwenhoek also sent eight testimonies from gentlemen of repute—a Lutheran minister, a notary and a barrister, among others. It is striking to the modern reader that none of these gentlemen were natural philosophers acquainted with the methods of science; but according to the historian Steven Shapi ...
... Leeuwenhoek also sent eight testimonies from gentlemen of repute—a Lutheran minister, a notary and a barrister, among others. It is striking to the modern reader that none of these gentlemen were natural philosophers acquainted with the methods of science; but according to the historian Steven Shapi ...
STICKLER SYNDROME - Stickler Involved People
... Marshall syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by ocular abnormalities, sensorineural hearing loss, craniofacial anomalies, and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Marshall, 1958). Affected individuals are myopic (ranging from 3 to 20 diopters) with a fluid vitreous a ...
... Marshall syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by ocular abnormalities, sensorineural hearing loss, craniofacial anomalies, and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Marshall, 1958). Affected individuals are myopic (ranging from 3 to 20 diopters) with a fluid vitreous a ...
Motoo Kimura and James Crow on the Infinitely Many Alleles Model
... Malécot’s result was relevant for a theoretical analysis of the reasons for this variation. They made the straightforward generalization of Malécot’s formula to (4Neu + 1)21, where Ne is the effective population size. [There are at least four concepts of effective population size (Ewens 2000); Kimur ...
... Malécot’s result was relevant for a theoretical analysis of the reasons for this variation. They made the straightforward generalization of Malécot’s formula to (4Neu + 1)21, where Ne is the effective population size. [There are at least four concepts of effective population size (Ewens 2000); Kimur ...
sidecar pollen, an Arabidopsis thaliana male
... McCormick, 1993). A microspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to give rise to a tetrad of four microspores which are encased in a callose (β-1,3-glucan) wall. These uninucleate microspores are released upon the dissolution of the callose wall. After quickly increasing in size, each uninucleate micros ...
... McCormick, 1993). A microspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to give rise to a tetrad of four microspores which are encased in a callose (β-1,3-glucan) wall. These uninucleate microspores are released upon the dissolution of the callose wall. After quickly increasing in size, each uninucleate micros ...
Slides from Lecture 5
... • Algorithm 3.2 in the book. • Study carefully! (Note, however, than elitism can be done more easily by simply copying the best individual into position 1 (in the population) at the end of each generation; see also the Matlab introduction). • The selection operator is usually taken as tournament sel ...
... • Algorithm 3.2 in the book. • Study carefully! (Note, however, than elitism can be done more easily by simply copying the best individual into position 1 (in the population) at the end of each generation; see also the Matlab introduction). • The selection operator is usually taken as tournament sel ...
Textbook Animal Breeding and Genetics
... students. The text book started as an initiative of the Dutch Universities for Applied (Agricultural) Sciences. The textbook is made available by the Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre (ABGC) of Wageningen UR (University and Research Centre) . It is written by two animal breeding scientists from Wa ...
... students. The text book started as an initiative of the Dutch Universities for Applied (Agricultural) Sciences. The textbook is made available by the Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre (ABGC) of Wageningen UR (University and Research Centre) . It is written by two animal breeding scientists from Wa ...
Dominant and Recessive Inheritance Patterns of
... 25 °C—in order to avoid an environmentally induced reduction in diapause incidence due to factors associated with diapause history, such as maternal effect. Twenty female deutonymphs belonging to the F1 progeny were individually transferred onto the bean leaf squares (10 10 mm) and were reared und ...
... 25 °C—in order to avoid an environmentally induced reduction in diapause incidence due to factors associated with diapause history, such as maternal effect. Twenty female deutonymphs belonging to the F1 progeny were individually transferred onto the bean leaf squares (10 10 mm) and were reared und ...
genetic variability, twin hybrids and constant hybrids, in a case of
... nal form. I n other words, there exists in beaded stack a sort of variation that is purely somatic, which is caused by external influences. Secondly, DEXTERfound that beaded is linked to pink eyes and to ebony body color, and a factor for beaded must therefore lie somewhere in the third chromosome, ...
... nal form. I n other words, there exists in beaded stack a sort of variation that is purely somatic, which is caused by external influences. Secondly, DEXTERfound that beaded is linked to pink eyes and to ebony body color, and a factor for beaded must therefore lie somewhere in the third chromosome, ...
(Pan) Salmonella and Salmonella Serotype Typhi–Specific Real
... Salmonella species are important causes of enteritis throughout the world. In addition, Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi are important causes of enteric fever in underdeveloped countries that lack adequate sewage disposal and water treatment facilities.1,2 It is standard practice in ...
... Salmonella species are important causes of enteritis throughout the world. In addition, Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi are important causes of enteric fever in underdeveloped countries that lack adequate sewage disposal and water treatment facilities.1,2 It is standard practice in ...
How to Model Microevolution How to Model Microevolution
... How to Model Microevolution In order to specify how gametes are produced, we have to specify the genetic architecture. Genetic architecture refers to the number of loci and their genomic positions, the number of alleles per locus, the mutation rates, and the mode and rules of inheritance of the gene ...
... How to Model Microevolution In order to specify how gametes are produced, we have to specify the genetic architecture. Genetic architecture refers to the number of loci and their genomic positions, the number of alleles per locus, the mutation rates, and the mode and rules of inheritance of the gene ...
Mapping Polygenes - University of Warwick
... B ackcross or F2/F3 populations have been used most commonly for detecting linkage between molecular markers and genes controlling quantitative traits (34, 43, 52, 55, 62). In species where severe inbreeding is tolerated, recombinant inbred populations (derived by inbreeding F2 progeny until they be ...
... B ackcross or F2/F3 populations have been used most commonly for detecting linkage between molecular markers and genes controlling quantitative traits (34, 43, 52, 55, 62). In species where severe inbreeding is tolerated, recombinant inbred populations (derived by inbreeding F2 progeny until they be ...
Evolution through the Search for Novelty
... As a significant problem in evolutionary computation, deception has inspired many techniques designed to mitigate it. However, nearly all such methods are still ultimately susceptible to deceptive local optima because they still measure progress with respect to the objective, which this dissertation ...
... As a significant problem in evolutionary computation, deception has inspired many techniques designed to mitigate it. However, nearly all such methods are still ultimately susceptible to deceptive local optima because they still measure progress with respect to the objective, which this dissertation ...
The origin of species by means of natural drift Humberto
... niche. Therefore, evolution occurs as a process of progressive or saltatory adaptation to a preexisting medium even when there is coadaptation.2 3. That, at a structural level, the evolutionary process is mainly a process of genetic change. These genetic changes takes place in the organisms, but app ...
... niche. Therefore, evolution occurs as a process of progressive or saltatory adaptation to a preexisting medium even when there is coadaptation.2 3. That, at a structural level, the evolutionary process is mainly a process of genetic change. These genetic changes takes place in the organisms, but app ...
Human mitochondrial transfer RNAs: Role of pathogenic
... MtDNA alterations can be divided into three classes: pathogenic, adaptive (advantageous in certain environments), and neutral (accumulated by chance). ...
... MtDNA alterations can be divided into three classes: pathogenic, adaptive (advantageous in certain environments), and neutral (accumulated by chance). ...
Effect of population size, selection intensity, linkage and non
... that can never be achieved in even the most accurately con trolled laboratory or field experiment. The more basic the question we ask, the more likely it is that we can find an answer by Monte Carlo which would apply reasonably well to plant and animal breeding. ...
... that can never be achieved in even the most accurately con trolled laboratory or field experiment. The more basic the question we ask, the more likely it is that we can find an answer by Monte Carlo which would apply reasonably well to plant and animal breeding. ...
Wolbachia–host interactions: connecting phenotype to genotype
... both Drosophila and Culex pipiens has shown them to be extremely variable [40,42]. This variation was reflected in the following: first, the presence/absence of transmembrane domains, probably affecting their subcellular localization; second, the number of ANK repeats, probably affecting the str ...
... both Drosophila and Culex pipiens has shown them to be extremely variable [40,42]. This variation was reflected in the following: first, the presence/absence of transmembrane domains, probably affecting their subcellular localization; second, the number of ANK repeats, probably affecting the str ...
Sharp Insights and a Sharp Tongue
... Having dissected friendship and love in geous in evolutionary terms because relatives ants, geese, or other animals and then extend quick succession, publishing key papers in share many of one’s genes. Survival in the their conclusions to humans later in life. 1971 and 1972, Trivers turned in 1974 t ...
... Having dissected friendship and love in geous in evolutionary terms because relatives ants, geese, or other animals and then extend quick succession, publishing key papers in share many of one’s genes. Survival in the their conclusions to humans later in life. 1971 and 1972, Trivers turned in 1974 t ...
The Genetics of CFTR: Genotype – Phenotype Relationship
... membrane. The nucleotide binding domains 1 (NBD1) and 2 (NBD2), functionally interacting, contain the sites for ATP binding and hydrolysis. The ATP binding to NBD1 site initiates channel activity, whereas the ATP binding to NBD2 site allows the formation of the intramolecular NBD1 – NBD2 tight heter ...
... membrane. The nucleotide binding domains 1 (NBD1) and 2 (NBD2), functionally interacting, contain the sites for ATP binding and hydrolysis. The ATP binding to NBD1 site initiates channel activity, whereas the ATP binding to NBD2 site allows the formation of the intramolecular NBD1 – NBD2 tight heter ...
SARIDAKI A. and K. BOURTZIS. Wolbachia
... the conversion of genetic males into females, b) parthenogenesis, the production of diploid offspring in the absence of sexual reproduction, c) male killing, the killing of infected males to the benefit of infected female siblings and d) cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), the inability of infected ma ...
... the conversion of genetic males into females, b) parthenogenesis, the production of diploid offspring in the absence of sexual reproduction, c) male killing, the killing of infected males to the benefit of infected female siblings and d) cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), the inability of infected ma ...
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
... prevalence of hepatitis infection. Of those that did so, two - one in Swaziland and one in China - showed a stronger correlation with exposure to aflatoxin B1 than with hepatitis B viral infection. The largest such study, in China, did not show an association with the presence of aflatoxin B1 metabo ...
... prevalence of hepatitis infection. Of those that did so, two - one in Swaziland and one in China - showed a stronger correlation with exposure to aflatoxin B1 than with hepatitis B viral infection. The largest such study, in China, did not show an association with the presence of aflatoxin B1 metabo ...
Charles Darwin Meets Amoeba economicus: Why Natural Selection
... Ockham’s razor with a redundant theoretical route, i.e., claim that minute rational calculations are only “as-if” rational and attribute them to a genetic program selected by natural selection? In addition, we would have to undertake a somewhat unwarranted theoretical route, to avoid further violati ...
... Ockham’s razor with a redundant theoretical route, i.e., claim that minute rational calculations are only “as-if” rational and attribute them to a genetic program selected by natural selection? In addition, we would have to undertake a somewhat unwarranted theoretical route, to avoid further violati ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.