Evolution of the Tyrrhenian Sea-Calabrian Arc system: The past and
... approximately E-W when extension was active in the Cornaglia terrace and in the Vavilov basin, and then rotated to SE-NW during the formation of the Marsili basin (SARTORI, 2003). Extension rates averaged over the last 10 Ma are 40-50 km/Ma (PATACCA et alii, 1990; FACCENNA et alii, 1996; FACCENNA et ...
... approximately E-W when extension was active in the Cornaglia terrace and in the Vavilov basin, and then rotated to SE-NW during the formation of the Marsili basin (SARTORI, 2003). Extension rates averaged over the last 10 Ma are 40-50 km/Ma (PATACCA et alii, 1990; FACCENNA et alii, 1996; FACCENNA et ...
From oceanic plateaus to allochthonous terranes: Numerical
... wide) high-resolution area of 1 km ∗ 1 km in the centre of the domain. The rest of the model remains at a lower resolution (10 ∗ 10 km). The oceanic crust contains an oceanic plateau that moves with the oceanic lithosphere as it migrates towards a fixed continent, fated to collide with the continenta ...
... wide) high-resolution area of 1 km ∗ 1 km in the centre of the domain. The rest of the model remains at a lower resolution (10 ∗ 10 km). The oceanic crust contains an oceanic plateau that moves with the oceanic lithosphere as it migrates towards a fixed continent, fated to collide with the continenta ...
the long-term strength of continental lithosphere
... to the strength. Since both Te and the BDT generally exceed the mean thickness of the oceanic crust (~7 km), the largest contribution to the strength of oceanic lithosphere must come from the mantle, not the crust. In the continents, the strength envelopes are more complex, and there may be more tha ...
... to the strength. Since both Te and the BDT generally exceed the mean thickness of the oceanic crust (~7 km), the largest contribution to the strength of oceanic lithosphere must come from the mantle, not the crust. In the continents, the strength envelopes are more complex, and there may be more tha ...
The long-term strength of continental lithosphere: “jelly sandwich” or
... to the strength. Since both Te and the BDT generally exceed the mean thickness of the oceanic crust (~7 km), the largest contribution to the strength of oceanic lithosphere must come from the mantle, not the crust. In the continents, the strength envelopes are more complex, and there may be more tha ...
... to the strength. Since both Te and the BDT generally exceed the mean thickness of the oceanic crust (~7 km), the largest contribution to the strength of oceanic lithosphere must come from the mantle, not the crust. In the continents, the strength envelopes are more complex, and there may be more tha ...
Chapter 8 Plate Tectonics
... patterns. They determined that on either side of a midocean ridge, the oldest rocks were furthest from the ridge. They also found that the pattern on one side of a ridge matched the pattern on the other side. These patterns showed that Hess’ geo-poetry was correct. New ocean floor is formed at mid-o ...
... patterns. They determined that on either side of a midocean ridge, the oldest rocks were furthest from the ridge. They also found that the pattern on one side of a ridge matched the pattern on the other side. These patterns showed that Hess’ geo-poetry was correct. New ocean floor is formed at mid-o ...
Top driven asymmetric mantle convection
... The volumes of lithospheric loss must be compensated by the same amount of mantle upwelling. If there are 306 km3/yr of lithospheric loss, we expect the same amount of lithospheric production. New oceanic lithosphere is formed along the about 60,000 km long oceanic ridges and backarc basin systems. ...
... The volumes of lithospheric loss must be compensated by the same amount of mantle upwelling. If there are 306 km3/yr of lithospheric loss, we expect the same amount of lithospheric production. New oceanic lithosphere is formed along the about 60,000 km long oceanic ridges and backarc basin systems. ...
Chapter 10: Plate Tectonics
... these changes, shown in Figure 4, took place. The idea suggested that lower-density, continental material somehow had to plow through higher-density, ocean-floor material. The force behind this plowing was thought to be the spin of Earth on its axis—a notion that was quickly rejected by physicists. ...
... these changes, shown in Figure 4, took place. The idea suggested that lower-density, continental material somehow had to plow through higher-density, ocean-floor material. The force behind this plowing was thought to be the spin of Earth on its axis—a notion that was quickly rejected by physicists. ...
New constraints on Neogene counter
... The Adriatic microplate (Adria) is a key player in the geodynamics of Alpine-Mediterranean belts because of its location between two converging plates, Europe and Africa. Most of Adria has been subducted and is presently surrounded by deformed margins comprising the Alps, Apennines, Dinarides and th ...
... The Adriatic microplate (Adria) is a key player in the geodynamics of Alpine-Mediterranean belts because of its location between two converging plates, Europe and Africa. Most of Adria has been subducted and is presently surrounded by deformed margins comprising the Alps, Apennines, Dinarides and th ...
Plate tectonics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics ...
... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics ...
Crust-mantle structures and Neogene
... A first oceanized area was formed 4-5 Ma ago in the Vavilov basin (A in Fig. 3). Approximately 2 Ma ago it spread towards the southeast and most likely rotated clockwise in the Marsili basin (B in Fig. 3). Tholeiitic basalts dominate both oceanized basins (Vavilov and Marsili). In these basins, on t ...
... A first oceanized area was formed 4-5 Ma ago in the Vavilov basin (A in Fig. 3). Approximately 2 Ma ago it spread towards the southeast and most likely rotated clockwise in the Marsili basin (B in Fig. 3). Tholeiitic basalts dominate both oceanized basins (Vavilov and Marsili). In these basins, on t ...
Subduction of the oceanic Hikurangi Plateau and its impact on the
... crust and the change of subduction polarity5–8. However, subduction of one tectonic plate beneath another has driven geochemical cycling and the formation of the Earth’s crust since B3,500 Myr9. It has been known for decades that volcanic arcs are the result of that subduction process, as the descen ...
... crust and the change of subduction polarity5–8. However, subduction of one tectonic plate beneath another has driven geochemical cycling and the formation of the Earth’s crust since B3,500 Myr9. It has been known for decades that volcanic arcs are the result of that subduction process, as the descen ...
Determining Slip Sense along the Sur
... Introduction Convergence along California occurred during the Cretaceous and the terrane assemblage formed represents a classic example of the convergent margin tectonic setting. The assemblage created is preserved in California today and is useful for determining the way that similar convergent ma ...
... Introduction Convergence along California occurred during the Cretaceous and the terrane assemblage formed represents a classic example of the convergent margin tectonic setting. The assemblage created is preserved in California today and is useful for determining the way that similar convergent ma ...
On the Structure and Seismotectonics of the Kuril Arc Trench System
... ever, this approach does not explain such features as asymmetry of the transverse and longitudinal profiles for this and other trenches of the Pacific Ocean; for mation accretionary prism and regional nappe in acoustical basement and the highs adjacent to the Zenkevich Swell (Hokkaido) and the doub ...
... ever, this approach does not explain such features as asymmetry of the transverse and longitudinal profiles for this and other trenches of the Pacific Ocean; for mation accretionary prism and regional nappe in acoustical basement and the highs adjacent to the Zenkevich Swell (Hokkaido) and the doub ...
The Tectonic Framework of the Sumatran Subduction Zone
... For students of the Earth, Sumatra has long been a field laboratory for studies of important geologic processes. Reid (1913) used geodetic observations before and after the 1892 Tapanuli earthquake on the Sumatran fault to support his fledgling idea of elastic rebound that gained additional support as ...
... For students of the Earth, Sumatra has long been a field laboratory for studies of important geologic processes. Reid (1913) used geodetic observations before and after the 1892 Tapanuli earthquake on the Sumatran fault to support his fledgling idea of elastic rebound that gained additional support as ...
Chapter 4. The Outer Shells of Earth
... to the thickness of the elastic layer or the plate. Since temperature increases rapidly with depth in the conduction layer, and viscosity decreases rapidly with temperature, the lower part of the boundary layer probably lies below the elastic lithosphere; that is, only the upper part of the thermal ...
... to the thickness of the elastic layer or the plate. Since temperature increases rapidly with depth in the conduction layer, and viscosity decreases rapidly with temperature, the lower part of the boundary layer probably lies below the elastic lithosphere; that is, only the upper part of the thermal ...
Regionality of deep low-frequency earthquakes associated with
... the P wave is not clear. Similar results were found for the corresponding east–west (EW) components and NS components obtained at neighboring stations. These data are consistent with previous results showing that LFEs and LFTs in southwest Japan have amplitude spectrum peaks in the frequency range o ...
... the P wave is not clear. Similar results were found for the corresponding east–west (EW) components and NS components obtained at neighboring stations. These data are consistent with previous results showing that LFEs and LFTs in southwest Japan have amplitude spectrum peaks in the frequency range o ...
Document
... plow through the ocean floor without breaking up. Recent evidence from ocean floor exploration and other studies has rekindled interest in Wegener's theory, and lead to the development of the theory of plate tectonics. ...
... plow through the ocean floor without breaking up. Recent evidence from ocean floor exploration and other studies has rekindled interest in Wegener's theory, and lead to the development of the theory of plate tectonics. ...
seismic waves - Gordon State College
... • Plates slide past one another and no new lithosphere is created or destroyed • Most transform faults join two segments of a mid-ocean ridge • Transform faults are oriented perpendicular to mid-ocean ridge —Permits plates to move from offset ridge segments ...
... • Plates slide past one another and no new lithosphere is created or destroyed • Most transform faults join two segments of a mid-ocean ridge • Transform faults are oriented perpendicular to mid-ocean ridge —Permits plates to move from offset ridge segments ...
SEISMIC AND ASEISMIC SLIP ALONG SUBDUCTION ZONES AND
... earthquake], great intra-plate normal-fault earthquakes [e.g., the 1933 Sanriku earthquake], and crustal deformation. A natural extension of this concept of inter-plate decoupling is the spontaneous sinking of the oceanic lithosphere with a consequent retreating subduction. Retreating subduction may ...
... earthquake], great intra-plate normal-fault earthquakes [e.g., the 1933 Sanriku earthquake], and crustal deformation. A natural extension of this concept of inter-plate decoupling is the spontaneous sinking of the oceanic lithosphere with a consequent retreating subduction. Retreating subduction may ...
Week 23 Lesson Plan Science 8 all classes
... 1.)Students will finish the activity 'Pangaea and Continental Drift' by answering conclusion questions about the Pangaea they created based on coastline, fossil, glacial deposits, magnetic, and climate evidence. 2.) Students will begin taking notes on crustal features formed by plate tectonic proces ...
... 1.)Students will finish the activity 'Pangaea and Continental Drift' by answering conclusion questions about the Pangaea they created based on coastline, fossil, glacial deposits, magnetic, and climate evidence. 2.) Students will begin taking notes on crustal features formed by plate tectonic proces ...
Long-term continental areal reduction produced by tectonic processes
... field within all plate boundary zones. Using GPS velocity vectors and Quaternary fault-slip rates, we define the deformation field within the deforming plate boundary zones and define spherical cap motions. After corrections for elastic strain near subduction zones we determined a present-day areal ...
... field within all plate boundary zones. Using GPS velocity vectors and Quaternary fault-slip rates, we define the deformation field within the deforming plate boundary zones and define spherical cap motions. After corrections for elastic strain near subduction zones we determined a present-day areal ...
Evidence of active mantle flow beneath South China
... Indeed, a comparison of the predicted SKS observations from the surface deformation field with SKS data, following the method of Wang et al. [2008] used for Tibet, yields an average misfit of 41° illustrating no correlation between present-day surface deformation and anisotropy in South China. This re ...
... Indeed, a comparison of the predicted SKS observations from the surface deformation field with SKS data, following the method of Wang et al. [2008] used for Tibet, yields an average misfit of 41° illustrating no correlation between present-day surface deformation and anisotropy in South China. This re ...
Mantle flow in regions of complex tectonics: Insights from Indonesia
... have, in fact, a width of between 200 and 1000 km, the exception being the Sunda trench, where the IndoAustralian plate is subducting beneath Eurasia. In eastern Indonesia, however, where there is a plethora of active and relict subduction zones, plate boundaries are more ambiguous. [9] Since the mi ...
... have, in fact, a width of between 200 and 1000 km, the exception being the Sunda trench, where the IndoAustralian plate is subducting beneath Eurasia. In eastern Indonesia, however, where there is a plethora of active and relict subduction zones, plate boundaries are more ambiguous. [9] Since the mi ...
Doglioni et al Mantle wedge asymmetries and geochemical
... (e.g., Lallemand et al., 2005), while other separate the speed of the backarc spreading from the subduction hinge velocity as a function of the accretion in the prism or the asthenospheric intrusion at the subduction hinge (Doglioni, 2008). However, assuming the hotspot reference frame as valid (Gri ...
... (e.g., Lallemand et al., 2005), while other separate the speed of the backarc spreading from the subduction hinge velocity as a function of the accretion in the prism or the asthenospheric intrusion at the subduction hinge (Doglioni, 2008). However, assuming the hotspot reference frame as valid (Gri ...
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Oceanic trenches are a distinctive morphological feature of convergent plate boundaries, along which lithospheric plates move towards each other at rates that vary from a few mm to over ten cm per year. A trench marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to descend beneath another lithospheric slab. Trenches are generally parallel to a volcanic island arc, and about 200 km (120 mi) from a volcanic arc. Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2/yr.