Detection of subducted lithosphere in the midmantle from
... However, additional precursory arrivals that are not related to reflections off the global discontinuities can be detected in short-period recordings (Figure 1). These precursors can be easily detected in the 95 to 110 deg distance range due to the velocity structure of the upper mantle [King, Haddo ...
... However, additional precursory arrivals that are not related to reflections off the global discontinuities can be detected in short-period recordings (Figure 1). These precursors can be easily detected in the 95 to 110 deg distance range due to the velocity structure of the upper mantle [King, Haddo ...
Fluid release from the subducted Cocos plate and
... algorithm. Particularly the RRI algorithm by Smith and ...
... algorithm. Particularly the RRI algorithm by Smith and ...
Fluid release from the subducted Cocos plate and partial melting of
... algorithm. Particularly the RRI algorithm by Smith and ...
... algorithm. Particularly the RRI algorithm by Smith and ...
Thematic Article A bathymetric overview of the Mariana forearc
... size of features we discuss. The Mariana forearc is 200±220 km wide, and the present study focuses on an expanse that stretches 1200 km from south to north. These dimensions are approximately those of Honshu, the largest of the Japanese islands. Another size comparison is with the state of Califor ...
... size of features we discuss. The Mariana forearc is 200±220 km wide, and the present study focuses on an expanse that stretches 1200 km from south to north. These dimensions are approximately those of Honshu, the largest of the Japanese islands. Another size comparison is with the state of Califor ...
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... distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, the locations of ore deposits and mountain systems, climate and ocean circulation patterns, and the geographic distribution, evolution, and extinction of life forms. [p. 54] 18. Draw a cross-section of an ocean-continent convergent plate boundary. Show the ...
... distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, the locations of ore deposits and mountain systems, climate and ocean circulation patterns, and the geographic distribution, evolution, and extinction of life forms. [p. 54] 18. Draw a cross-section of an ocean-continent convergent plate boundary. Show the ...
Relations between sedimentary basins and petroleum
... transfer of rock from the downgoing to the overriding plate, where the accretionary prism itself is located. The expression tectonic erosion, on the other hand, refers to the transferral of the decollement into the overriding plate, thus temporarily subducting fragments of the downgoing plate. In th ...
... transfer of rock from the downgoing to the overriding plate, where the accretionary prism itself is located. The expression tectonic erosion, on the other hand, refers to the transferral of the decollement into the overriding plate, thus temporarily subducting fragments of the downgoing plate. In th ...
the dynamic earth - Mater Academy Lakes High School
... The evidence that Wegener needed to support his hypothesis was discovered nearly two decades after his death. The evidence lay on the ocean floor. In 1947, a group of scientists set out to map the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is part of a system of mid-ocean ridges, which are undersea ...
... The evidence that Wegener needed to support his hypothesis was discovered nearly two decades after his death. The evidence lay on the ocean floor. In 1947, a group of scientists set out to map the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is part of a system of mid-ocean ridges, which are undersea ...
Structural models of the Mediterranean lithospehre
... European plate below the Adria7c plate is fairly well evidenced by gently N–S dipping high-‐velocity lid and in accordance with scarce shallow seismicity and almost absent intermediate depth seismicity, as ...
... European plate below the Adria7c plate is fairly well evidenced by gently N–S dipping high-‐velocity lid and in accordance with scarce shallow seismicity and almost absent intermediate depth seismicity, as ...
Composition and Evolution of the Lithosphere
... Greenstones: basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic volcanic rocks with metamorphosed sediments and basaltic pillow lavas (sequential transition) ...
... Greenstones: basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic volcanic rocks with metamorphosed sediments and basaltic pillow lavas (sequential transition) ...
Mantle plumes persevere
... of the mantle plumes themselves13. This in itself is exciting because seamount trails could potentially tell us about changes in mantle flow. The second hotspot type includes those that are sourced from shallower parts of the mantle. These hotspots are far more abundant, but shorter lived. At the su ...
... of the mantle plumes themselves13. This in itself is exciting because seamount trails could potentially tell us about changes in mantle flow. The second hotspot type includes those that are sourced from shallower parts of the mantle. These hotspots are far more abundant, but shorter lived. At the su ...
CH04_Outline
... Neritic sediments cover about ¼ of sea floor Pelagic sediments cover about ¾ Distribution controlled by Proximity to sources of lithogenous sediments Productivity of microscopic marine ...
... Neritic sediments cover about ¼ of sea floor Pelagic sediments cover about ¾ Distribution controlled by Proximity to sources of lithogenous sediments Productivity of microscopic marine ...
In Sicily there are two active volcanoes: Mount Stromboli and Mount
... geographically, the site of this rifting lies not where most people would expect it. It lies below the sea. In the Strait of Sicily, the seafloor is constituted by continental lithosphere, which is affected by oblique-rifting. The volcanoes born from this process are typical of continental rift sett ...
... geographically, the site of this rifting lies not where most people would expect it. It lies below the sea. In the Strait of Sicily, the seafloor is constituted by continental lithosphere, which is affected by oblique-rifting. The volcanoes born from this process are typical of continental rift sett ...
No plume beneath Iceland
... • Uplift history complex and not well explained • Distribution of magmatism inconsistent with plume predictions ...
... • Uplift history complex and not well explained • Distribution of magmatism inconsistent with plume predictions ...
This PDF file is subject to the following conditions and... Copyright © 2006, The Geological Society of America, Inc. (GSA)....
... The transition from Hadean-style convective overturn, driven by heating from below, and Phanerozoic-style plate tectonics, driven by the sinking of cool lithospheric slabs, was a major turning point in the thermal evolution of the Earth. Prior to this transition the formation of stable, long-lived c ...
... The transition from Hadean-style convective overturn, driven by heating from below, and Phanerozoic-style plate tectonics, driven by the sinking of cool lithospheric slabs, was a major turning point in the thermal evolution of the Earth. Prior to this transition the formation of stable, long-lived c ...
Map Reading and Earthquake/Volcano Plotting Activity
... concentrated in certain areas? The earthquakes and volcanoes are concentrated in certain areas, the west coasts of North and South America, the border between Europe and Africa and in the islands of the Pacific. Any random earthquakes and volcanoes could be associated with hotspots or faults (cracks ...
... concentrated in certain areas? The earthquakes and volcanoes are concentrated in certain areas, the west coasts of North and South America, the border between Europe and Africa and in the islands of the Pacific. Any random earthquakes and volcanoes could be associated with hotspots or faults (cracks ...
Redalyc.Long-term evolution of subduction zones and the
... The geometry of a subduction zone may be determined from an analysis of the seismicity (e.g., Figures 2 and 3). From the oceanic side, there is a zone of shallow, diffuse seismicity at 0-40 km depth, followed by intermediate-depth seismicity on an inclined plane (e.g., Figure 3). Dip angles in the u ...
... The geometry of a subduction zone may be determined from an analysis of the seismicity (e.g., Figures 2 and 3). From the oceanic side, there is a zone of shallow, diffuse seismicity at 0-40 km depth, followed by intermediate-depth seismicity on an inclined plane (e.g., Figure 3). Dip angles in the u ...
Science Grade 08 Unit 07 Exemplar Lesson 01: Evidence for Plate
... You will need one set of cards per group. Cut construction paper sheets (9”x12”) into onefourths. You will need ¼ sheet per student. Prepare plate boundary station models following instructions on the Teacher Resource: Templates for Station Models. Collect and assemble all materials for the station ...
... You will need one set of cards per group. Cut construction paper sheets (9”x12”) into onefourths. You will need ¼ sheet per student. Prepare plate boundary station models following instructions on the Teacher Resource: Templates for Station Models. Collect and assemble all materials for the station ...
Slab behaviour and its surface expression: new insights
... Characteristic gravity anomaly curves were acquired for the different tectonic scenarios. These curves together with other data (e.g. basin evolution on the upper and the lower plate) were used for the reconstruction of the tectonic evolution of the SECarpathians which includes Tertiary subduction a ...
... Characteristic gravity anomaly curves were acquired for the different tectonic scenarios. These curves together with other data (e.g. basin evolution on the upper and the lower plate) were used for the reconstruction of the tectonic evolution of the SECarpathians which includes Tertiary subduction a ...
Tectonic evolution of a continental collision zone
... conditions must be satisfied to allow for continental subduction in nature. In particular, the competing deformation modes, such as RT instability, folding or pure shear should be relatively slow, and the upward drag due to the positively buoyant crust and viscous shear should not negate the downwar ...
... conditions must be satisfied to allow for continental subduction in nature. In particular, the competing deformation modes, such as RT instability, folding or pure shear should be relatively slow, and the upward drag due to the positively buoyant crust and viscous shear should not negate the downwar ...
Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world`s ocean
... floor that was poorly mapped at the time when the grid was assembled. They include parts of the southern and central eastern Indian Ocean, parts of the Late Cretaceous ocean crust in the southwest Pacific and many back-arc basins. Also, no spreading rate or spreading asymmetry grids were constructed ...
... floor that was poorly mapped at the time when the grid was assembled. They include parts of the southern and central eastern Indian Ocean, parts of the Late Cretaceous ocean crust in the southwest Pacific and many back-arc basins. Also, no spreading rate or spreading asymmetry grids were constructed ...
On the post-25 Ma geodynamic evolution of the western
... was five to eight times slower than the eastward migration of the Apenninic arc during the last 23 Ma, i.e. 4–7 mm=year of N–S convergence vs. 30–40 mm=year of eastward migration of the Apenninic arc (Gueguen et al., 1997, and references therein). Recent geodetic data confirm this overall setting (W ...
... was five to eight times slower than the eastward migration of the Apenninic arc during the last 23 Ma, i.e. 4–7 mm=year of N–S convergence vs. 30–40 mm=year of eastward migration of the Apenninic arc (Gueguen et al., 1997, and references therein). Recent geodetic data confirm this overall setting (W ...
Alfred Wegener and Harry Hess
... Wegener was not the first to present the idea of “continental drift.” But he beat everyone else in putting together evidence from different scientific approaches. He found fossil evidence showing that the Earth was once one land mass. For instance, he located ancient tropical plants on the Arctic is ...
... Wegener was not the first to present the idea of “continental drift.” But he beat everyone else in putting together evidence from different scientific approaches. He found fossil evidence showing that the Earth was once one land mass. For instance, he located ancient tropical plants on the Arctic is ...
Biotic vs. abiotic Earth_ A model for mantle hydration
... only increase the amount of water being subducted but, as we will discuss later in this paper, would also reduce the rate of shallow dewatering due to overlying and interbedded sediments of low permeability (e.g. clay-rich deposits) sealing off the oceanic crust. The flux of volatiles (mainly water a ...
... only increase the amount of water being subducted but, as we will discuss later in this paper, would also reduce the rate of shallow dewatering due to overlying and interbedded sediments of low permeability (e.g. clay-rich deposits) sealing off the oceanic crust. The flux of volatiles (mainly water a ...
Mantle Convection and Global Sea Level: Implications for the
... influences the sea level (Figure 1). This factor can be decomposed into the following two sub-factors: one is the average depth of the sea floor with respect to the ridge crest (denoted by db), and the other is the elevation of the ridge crest itself with respect to the continental plate. db results ...
... influences the sea level (Figure 1). This factor can be decomposed into the following two sub-factors: one is the average depth of the sea floor with respect to the ridge crest (denoted by db), and the other is the elevation of the ridge crest itself with respect to the continental plate. db results ...
Serpentine and the subduction zone water cycle
... converging) estimates exist for the sediment and crustal portions of the incoming plate [8 –11], much less is known about the lithospheric mantle’s degree of hydration [3,4,12]. In order for surface fluids to hydrate mantle rocks, the fluids must be able to pass through the sediments and crust to re ...
... converging) estimates exist for the sediment and crustal portions of the incoming plate [8 –11], much less is known about the lithospheric mantle’s degree of hydration [3,4,12]. In order for surface fluids to hydrate mantle rocks, the fluids must be able to pass through the sediments and crust to re ...
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Oceanic trenches are a distinctive morphological feature of convergent plate boundaries, along which lithospheric plates move towards each other at rates that vary from a few mm to over ten cm per year. A trench marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to descend beneath another lithospheric slab. Trenches are generally parallel to a volcanic island arc, and about 200 km (120 mi) from a volcanic arc. Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2/yr.