O A CEAN
... and acid-base balance and means to measure the expression of these genes will be important for understanding the adaptability of marine organisms to changes in acidity. The global scale of the acidification suggests that options for mitigation are likely to be very limited, especially on short times ...
... and acid-base balance and means to measure the expression of these genes will be important for understanding the adaptability of marine organisms to changes in acidity. The global scale of the acidification suggests that options for mitigation are likely to be very limited, especially on short times ...
Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems I. Introduction The mid
... The mid-ocean ridge system is the largest continuous feature on the surface of the earth. It extends the length of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and continues through the southern and northeastern Pacific (Figure 1). It has been the object of extensive study in recent years as the major surface con ...
... The mid-ocean ridge system is the largest continuous feature on the surface of the earth. It extends the length of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and continues through the southern and northeastern Pacific (Figure 1). It has been the object of extensive study in recent years as the major surface con ...
CH04_Outline
... Metal sulfides Contain iron, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, and other metals Associated with hydrothermal vents ...
... Metal sulfides Contain iron, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, and other metals Associated with hydrothermal vents ...
Ocean Acidification
... and acid-base balance and means to measure the expression of these genes will be important for understanding the adaptability of marine organisms to changes in acidity. The global scale of the acidification suggests that options for mitigation are likely to be very limited, especially on short times ...
... and acid-base balance and means to measure the expression of these genes will be important for understanding the adaptability of marine organisms to changes in acidity. The global scale of the acidification suggests that options for mitigation are likely to be very limited, especially on short times ...
No plume beneath Iceland
... • No reliable evidence for plume-like temperatures • Uplift history complex and not well explained • Distribution of magmatism inconsistent with plume predictions ...
... • No reliable evidence for plume-like temperatures • Uplift history complex and not well explained • Distribution of magmatism inconsistent with plume predictions ...
Unlocking the Opening Processes of the South China Sea Introduction Workshop Reports
... there is not yet one single deep drilling well in the central SCS basin targeting the oceanic crust or its transition from The SCS is uniquely situated for studying continental the continental crust. This leaves a large gap in understandbreak-up, basin formation, and seafloor spreading processes ing ...
... there is not yet one single deep drilling well in the central SCS basin targeting the oceanic crust or its transition from The SCS is uniquely situated for studying continental the continental crust. This leaves a large gap in understandbreak-up, basin formation, and seafloor spreading processes ing ...
Gorringe Ridge gravity and magnetic anomalies
... (Féraud et al. 1986). The age of the volcanics on the top of the Ormonde Seamount is 60–67 Ma (Féraud et al. 1982, 1986; Matveenkov & Al’mukhamedov 1994, 1996). The change from deep sea facies of sediments to shallow water facies in DSDP site 120 began approximately 20 Ma (Ryan et al. 1973). Multi ...
... (Féraud et al. 1986). The age of the volcanics on the top of the Ormonde Seamount is 60–67 Ma (Féraud et al. 1982, 1986; Matveenkov & Al’mukhamedov 1994, 1996). The change from deep sea facies of sediments to shallow water facies in DSDP site 120 began approximately 20 Ma (Ryan et al. 1973). Multi ...
Thermal structure of the Costa Rica – Nicaragua subduction zone
... We constructed four high-resolution, finite-element thermal models across the Nicaragua – Costa Rica subduction zone to predict the (i) thermal structure, (ii) metamorphic pressure (P)–temperature (T) paths followed by subducting lithosphere, and (iii) loci and types of slab dehydration reactions. T ...
... We constructed four high-resolution, finite-element thermal models across the Nicaragua – Costa Rica subduction zone to predict the (i) thermal structure, (ii) metamorphic pressure (P)–temperature (T) paths followed by subducting lithosphere, and (iii) loci and types of slab dehydration reactions. T ...
Diel Oscillations in Whale Shark Vertical
... to obtain behavioral information from diving animals in remote locations where data loggers cannot be recovered, for example, during long-distance migrations into the open ocean. The Argos system of receivers aboard polarorbiting satellites allows remote collection of data from transmitter-tagged an ...
... to obtain behavioral information from diving animals in remote locations where data loggers cannot be recovered, for example, during long-distance migrations into the open ocean. The Argos system of receivers aboard polarorbiting satellites allows remote collection of data from transmitter-tagged an ...
Ch 14 OIB mod 7
... PHEM) that retains much of its primordial noble gases. • MORBs are not as homogenous as originally thought, and exhibit most of the compositional variability of OIBs, although the variation is expressed in far more subordinate proportions. This implies that the shallow depleted mantle ...
... PHEM) that retains much of its primordial noble gases. • MORBs are not as homogenous as originally thought, and exhibit most of the compositional variability of OIBs, although the variation is expressed in far more subordinate proportions. This implies that the shallow depleted mantle ...
Bice, K. L., E. J. Barron, and W. H. Peterson,... Eocene paleobathymetry and ocean GCM sensitivity to specified basin
... properties exhibit shallower water depths relative to cooler oceanic crust of the same age (Stein and Stein, 1993). The 2 bathymetry digital file was therefore edited to include seafloor topographic features such as the ...
... properties exhibit shallower water depths relative to cooler oceanic crust of the same age (Stein and Stein, 1993). The 2 bathymetry digital file was therefore edited to include seafloor topographic features such as the ...
The Wonders of the Ocean Floor
... to be safe, we have a bathysphere connected to The Wave for communications and life support. It is also perfectly designed to withstand any amount of pressure. To get a better view of surroundings and to tell the depth of our vehicle we have built in sonar to identify the highs and lows of the ocean ...
... to be safe, we have a bathysphere connected to The Wave for communications and life support. It is also perfectly designed to withstand any amount of pressure. To get a better view of surroundings and to tell the depth of our vehicle we have built in sonar to identify the highs and lows of the ocean ...
Chemical Oceanography - 106Thursday130-430
... The upper mixed layer is all one temperature but that temperature can vary from -2 degrees C, at the poles, to +30 degrees C, in the tropics. It all depends on the latitude and effects of the sun's heat and may be highly seasonal. The depth of this layer can be anything between the surface and 200 ...
... The upper mixed layer is all one temperature but that temperature can vary from -2 degrees C, at the poles, to +30 degrees C, in the tropics. It all depends on the latitude and effects of the sun's heat and may be highly seasonal. The depth of this layer can be anything between the surface and 200 ...
Thermal modelling of the Laramide orogeny: testing the £at
... (Fig. 4). The temperature at the top of the subducting crust is calculated at the end of the £atslab segment before it begins to descend into the asthenosphere (stars in Fig. 2B^F). As the pressure remains constant at these ¢xed points, phase transitions are solely a function of temperature (Fig. 4) ...
... (Fig. 4). The temperature at the top of the subducting crust is calculated at the end of the £atslab segment before it begins to descend into the asthenosphere (stars in Fig. 2B^F). As the pressure remains constant at these ¢xed points, phase transitions are solely a function of temperature (Fig. 4) ...
MicroSoar: A New Instrument for Measuring Microscale Turbulence
... severe weather than true free-fall profilers; the tether allows operation (ideally) whenever it is safe to be on the deck of a research ship. Although their umbilical may (rarely) foul propellers or other parts of a ship, tethered instruments remain the conventional ‘‘workhorse’’ of modern oceanic t ...
... severe weather than true free-fall profilers; the tether allows operation (ideally) whenever it is safe to be on the deck of a research ship. Although their umbilical may (rarely) foul propellers or other parts of a ship, tethered instruments remain the conventional ‘‘workhorse’’ of modern oceanic t ...
Distribution of squid and fish in the pelagic zone of the
... total of 332 individuals were collected, with the most abundant fish species being Pleuragramma antarcticum (34%), Notolepis coatsi (27%) and Electrona antarctica (26%); and the most abundant squid being Galiteuthis glacialis (64%). Abundances of all species were among the lowest recorded using this ...
... total of 332 individuals were collected, with the most abundant fish species being Pleuragramma antarcticum (34%), Notolepis coatsi (27%) and Electrona antarctica (26%); and the most abundant squid being Galiteuthis glacialis (64%). Abundances of all species were among the lowest recorded using this ...
chapter 8 ocean in the earth system
... gold. But the cost of energy required just to pump this much water would greatly exceed $1, which is why no ships are at sea attempting to separate gold from seawater. In the 19th century, chemists began to examine the composition of seawater in some detail, and one of them, C.R. Dittmar, made a ver ...
... gold. But the cost of energy required just to pump this much water would greatly exceed $1, which is why no ships are at sea attempting to separate gold from seawater. In the 19th century, chemists began to examine the composition of seawater in some detail, and one of them, C.R. Dittmar, made a ver ...
Sum4_Flatslabs
... Next we moved into discussions of why the slab is flat. Jerome mentioned that early work by Jarrard (his 1986 paper is referenced in van Hunen, 2002) showed that there is no correlation between age of the subducting slab and slab dip. This may be the reason why people moved to talking about oceanic ...
... Next we moved into discussions of why the slab is flat. Jerome mentioned that early work by Jarrard (his 1986 paper is referenced in van Hunen, 2002) showed that there is no correlation between age of the subducting slab and slab dip. This may be the reason why people moved to talking about oceanic ...
Document
... Our study site in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea is characterized by unusually warm (,13uC) deep waters year round and a uniform water column in winter with the potential for deep vertical mixing. As early as 1990, the deep water of the western Mediterranean Sea was shown to have warmed by 0.12u ...
... Our study site in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea is characterized by unusually warm (,13uC) deep waters year round and a uniform water column in winter with the potential for deep vertical mixing. As early as 1990, the deep water of the western Mediterranean Sea was shown to have warmed by 0.12u ...
Module 2_Excel - Scholar Commons
... Buoyancy and Isostasy Imagine taking an ice cube and placing it in a glass of water. The ice cube will float. But what exactly makes it float?? It is a concept called buoyancy, which is an upward acting force exerted by the fluid (in this case water) that exactly equals the downward directed force ...
... Buoyancy and Isostasy Imagine taking an ice cube and placing it in a glass of water. The ice cube will float. But what exactly makes it float?? It is a concept called buoyancy, which is an upward acting force exerted by the fluid (in this case water) that exactly equals the downward directed force ...
Norte Brasileira Ridge System, an example of natural component or
... Although the Brazilian Continental Margin (BCM) is classified as the type Atlantic or passive this classification do not means that the margin is a monotonous place along its almost 8500km coastline length. Deep sea submarine fan in Northern and Southern, plateaus, ridges, fracture zones, sedimentar ...
... Although the Brazilian Continental Margin (BCM) is classified as the type Atlantic or passive this classification do not means that the margin is a monotonous place along its almost 8500km coastline length. Deep sea submarine fan in Northern and Southern, plateaus, ridges, fracture zones, sedimentar ...
Sea-floor basement morphology: Distinguishing
... modulate the oceanic crust formed by seafloor spreading. (A thicker crust and off-axis volcanism are two features commonly attributed to hotspot modulation). Much has been learned about the thickness, structure and composition of the oceanic crust where the Mid-Oceanic Ridge axis passes over or near ...
... modulate the oceanic crust formed by seafloor spreading. (A thicker crust and off-axis volcanism are two features commonly attributed to hotspot modulation). Much has been learned about the thickness, structure and composition of the oceanic crust where the Mid-Oceanic Ridge axis passes over or near ...
Chapter 11 Section 2
... Types of Mountains, continued Volcanic Mountains • Mountains that form when magma erupts onto Earth’s surface are called volcanic mountains, which commonly form along convergent plate boundaries. • Some of the largest volcanic mountains are part of the midocean ridges along divergent plate boundarie ...
... Types of Mountains, continued Volcanic Mountains • Mountains that form when magma erupts onto Earth’s surface are called volcanic mountains, which commonly form along convergent plate boundaries. • Some of the largest volcanic mountains are part of the midocean ridges along divergent plate boundarie ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.