Glacial-interglacial variations in marine phosphorus cycling
... cannot be captured with a 4-box model. There has been quite some debate concerning oceanic mixing during glacial times [Archer et al., 2000a; Peacock et al., 2006] as summarized in Table 1. Some of the disagreement stems from the methodologies used for estimating paleocirculation. Relying on paleopr ...
... cannot be captured with a 4-box model. There has been quite some debate concerning oceanic mixing during glacial times [Archer et al., 2000a; Peacock et al., 2006] as summarized in Table 1. Some of the disagreement stems from the methodologies used for estimating paleocirculation. Relying on paleopr ...
GEO100 05 plate tectonics
... The lithosphere is divided into plates that move relative to one another, and relative to the earth’s asthenosphere. Movement occurs at very slow (cm/yr) rates. As a plate moves, its interior remains relatively intact (but it is not totally ridged) while its boundaries become deformed. ...
... The lithosphere is divided into plates that move relative to one another, and relative to the earth’s asthenosphere. Movement occurs at very slow (cm/yr) rates. As a plate moves, its interior remains relatively intact (but it is not totally ridged) while its boundaries become deformed. ...
Chapter 36E. Indian Ocean
... (a) From a wide geographical perspective, most of the major ocean area is undersampled with regard to both coastal and oceanic environments. The oceanic areas are particularly unsampled and therefore the biological diversity is still incompletely described for most ecosystems; (b) In terms of human ...
... (a) From a wide geographical perspective, most of the major ocean area is undersampled with regard to both coastal and oceanic environments. The oceanic areas are particularly unsampled and therefore the biological diversity is still incompletely described for most ecosystems; (b) In terms of human ...
Marine Radiocarbon Evidence for the Mechanism of Deglacial
... recovery during the Bølling-Allerød warm phase, another marked weakening of NADW/GNAIW is documented during the Younger Dryas cold period, most likely also triggered by a discharge of glacial meltwater (34). Both periods of NADW/GNAIW reduction were times of intermediate-depth Pacific ∆14C decline a ...
... recovery during the Bølling-Allerød warm phase, another marked weakening of NADW/GNAIW is documented during the Younger Dryas cold period, most likely also triggered by a discharge of glacial meltwater (34). Both periods of NADW/GNAIW reduction were times of intermediate-depth Pacific ∆14C decline a ...
The Moho beneath western Tibet: Shear zones and
... about 70 km. Before this strong converted wave arrives, another less strong Ps conversion from depths of about 55 – 60 km is observed. From the Main Central Thrust of the Himalaya the crust rapidly thickens northward to the latitude of the Indus-Yarlung suture zone (IYS). The two converted signals ...
... about 70 km. Before this strong converted wave arrives, another less strong Ps conversion from depths of about 55 – 60 km is observed. From the Main Central Thrust of the Himalaya the crust rapidly thickens northward to the latitude of the Indus-Yarlung suture zone (IYS). The two converted signals ...
Full text in pdf format
... ABSTRACT: Organic material entering the oceanic mesopelagic zone may either reenter the euphotic zone or settle into deeper waters. Therefore it is important to know about mechanisms and efficiency of substrate conversion in this water layer. Bactenal biomass, bactena secondary production (BSP),extr ...
... ABSTRACT: Organic material entering the oceanic mesopelagic zone may either reenter the euphotic zone or settle into deeper waters. Therefore it is important to know about mechanisms and efficiency of substrate conversion in this water layer. Bactenal biomass, bactena secondary production (BSP),extr ...
The placement of the Trans-European Suture Zone on the Romanian... electromagnetic arguments
... Carpatian electrical conductivity anomaly (CECA), in the Eastern Carpathians, and the major crustal-subcrustal faults system (Peceneaga-Camena Fault) separating the Moesian Platform from North Dobrogean Orogen, in the Arc Bend area, and the Scythian and Moesian Platforms, in Dobrogea zone (Stănică ...
... Carpatian electrical conductivity anomaly (CECA), in the Eastern Carpathians, and the major crustal-subcrustal faults system (Peceneaga-Camena Fault) separating the Moesian Platform from North Dobrogean Orogen, in the Arc Bend area, and the Scythian and Moesian Platforms, in Dobrogea zone (Stănică ...
Document
... continental crust in the IBM upper plate, yet recent seismic studies of this arc reveal a thick middle crust layer with 6.0-6.8 km/s Vp that is hypothesized to be intermediate in composition. The primary goals of sampling the in situ arc crust through drilling are: (1) to identify the structure and ...
... continental crust in the IBM upper plate, yet recent seismic studies of this arc reveal a thick middle crust layer with 6.0-6.8 km/s Vp that is hypothesized to be intermediate in composition. The primary goals of sampling the in situ arc crust through drilling are: (1) to identify the structure and ...
An analysis of young ocean depth, gravity and global residual
... & Francheteau 1970; Davis & Lister 1974). One explanation is dynamic topography related to plate motions, such as that described by Phipps Morgan & Smith (1992). However, these viscous forces are uncompensated, so should be associated with significant gravity anomalies, which, by definition, our var ...
... & Francheteau 1970; Davis & Lister 1974). One explanation is dynamic topography related to plate motions, such as that described by Phipps Morgan & Smith (1992). However, these viscous forces are uncompensated, so should be associated with significant gravity anomalies, which, by definition, our var ...
RTF RTF
... The interesting interactive programme on the “love your ocean” stand will consist of varied activities that will attract boot fans, whether they are adults or children: In the “Research Cockpit”, leading research institutions and environmental associations will be demonstrating with the help of spec ...
... The interesting interactive programme on the “love your ocean” stand will consist of varied activities that will attract boot fans, whether they are adults or children: In the “Research Cockpit”, leading research institutions and environmental associations will be demonstrating with the help of spec ...
East Coast SBT Habitat Report - The Australian Fisheries
... data for SBT. This model run uses the revised SynTS 3-D ocean product (introduced in 2006) which has improved depth resolution (more layers to a depth of 200 meters: 25 compared with 17). Surface currents are shown on the surface SST map to aid understanding of the ocean dynamics. One habitat prefer ...
... data for SBT. This model run uses the revised SynTS 3-D ocean product (introduced in 2006) which has improved depth resolution (more layers to a depth of 200 meters: 25 compared with 17). Surface currents are shown on the surface SST map to aid understanding of the ocean dynamics. One habitat prefer ...
Ocean Fertilization
... The research should also target specific aspects of the carbon storage process including the downward carbon flux, the storage time of carbon, the ocean acidity, the concentration of CO32- , the oxygen concentration and gas emissions. I strongly advocate that scientific research into ocean fertiliza ...
... The research should also target specific aspects of the carbon storage process including the downward carbon flux, the storage time of carbon, the ocean acidity, the concentration of CO32- , the oxygen concentration and gas emissions. I strongly advocate that scientific research into ocean fertiliza ...
Meteorology TEST - Partners4results
... The first understanding of the ocean’s topography did not unfold until the historic threeand-a-half year voyage of the HMS Challenger. From December 1872 to May 1876, the Challenger expedition made the first – and perhaps still the most comprehensive – study of the global ocean ever attempted by one ...
... The first understanding of the ocean’s topography did not unfold until the historic threeand-a-half year voyage of the HMS Challenger. From December 1872 to May 1876, the Challenger expedition made the first – and perhaps still the most comprehensive – study of the global ocean ever attempted by one ...
Modes of faulting at mid-ocean ridges
... the basic characteristics of the flanking faults. As shown in Fig. 3, the fully two-dimensional model fits the general shape of a real axial high. As with previous thin-plate models, the wavelength of the high depends on the off-axis plate thickness and a good fit was found for a 5-km-thick brittle ...
... the basic characteristics of the flanking faults. As shown in Fig. 3, the fully two-dimensional model fits the general shape of a real axial high. As with previous thin-plate models, the wavelength of the high depends on the off-axis plate thickness and a good fit was found for a 5-km-thick brittle ...
38. Site 398 - Deep Sea Drilling Project
... Following the above events, the history of the Tethyan Ocean becomes independent of the Atlantic evolution. While compressive phases induced the first Alpine deformations, opening of the Atlantic is occurring. A first approximate configuration of the landmasses is given in Figure 4. The relative pos ...
... Following the above events, the history of the Tethyan Ocean becomes independent of the Atlantic evolution. While compressive phases induced the first Alpine deformations, opening of the Atlantic is occurring. A first approximate configuration of the landmasses is given in Figure 4. The relative pos ...
Convergence and Collision
... volcanic arc. (b) Photo of the central Himalaya Mountains, Nepal. The highest peak, which appears to be nucleating a cloud, is Mt. Everest, the highest mountain on Earth. ...
... volcanic arc. (b) Photo of the central Himalaya Mountains, Nepal. The highest peak, which appears to be nucleating a cloud, is Mt. Everest, the highest mountain on Earth. ...
Sediment classification, part 2
... those that survive the fall typically dissolve in seawater before reaching the bottom; nevertheless, cosmogenous sediments are found mixed with other sediments. – Some cosmogenous sediments are remnants from the formation of the planets; their chemical composition typically mirrors that of the Earth ...
... those that survive the fall typically dissolve in seawater before reaching the bottom; nevertheless, cosmogenous sediments are found mixed with other sediments. – Some cosmogenous sediments are remnants from the formation of the planets; their chemical composition typically mirrors that of the Earth ...
Ocean Acidification - Fiji National University | E
... degrees. Photosynthetic algae and seagrasses may benefit from higher CO2 conditions in the ocean, as they require CO2 to live just like plants on land. On the other hand, studies have shown that a more acidic environment has a dramatic effect on some calcifying species, including oysters, clams, sea ...
... degrees. Photosynthetic algae and seagrasses may benefit from higher CO2 conditions in the ocean, as they require CO2 to live just like plants on land. On the other hand, studies have shown that a more acidic environment has a dramatic effect on some calcifying species, including oysters, clams, sea ...
Patterns of life on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge
... ocean (OBIS, 2011). Much of the data available from the South Atlantic MAR derive from large-scale expeditions conducted by North Atlantic countries since the late nineteenth century (Wüst, 1964). The first and highly significant contribution was the HMS Challenger Expedition between 1873 and 1876, ...
... ocean (OBIS, 2011). Much of the data available from the South Atlantic MAR derive from large-scale expeditions conducted by North Atlantic countries since the late nineteenth century (Wüst, 1964). The first and highly significant contribution was the HMS Challenger Expedition between 1873 and 1876, ...
Mr. Lee – Layers of the Earth rap
... Memorize this song and you’ll know everything about the Crust and mantle, crust and mantle, crust and mantle, crust and mantle Moving on down there are two more layers called the Outer core, inner core, outer core, inner core Mr. Lee, science teacher, at it again Sick flow spittin’ that regurgitatio ...
... Memorize this song and you’ll know everything about the Crust and mantle, crust and mantle, crust and mantle, crust and mantle Moving on down there are two more layers called the Outer core, inner core, outer core, inner core Mr. Lee, science teacher, at it again Sick flow spittin’ that regurgitatio ...
Imaging subduction from the trench to 300 km depth beneath the
... on earthquakes beneath the central North Island of New Zealand. Here we use a subset of the best-recorded earthquakes in an inversion for the 3-D Vp and Vp/Vs structure. The data set includes 39 123 P observations and 18 331 S observations from 1239 earthquakes and nine explosions. The subducted pla ...
... on earthquakes beneath the central North Island of New Zealand. Here we use a subset of the best-recorded earthquakes in an inversion for the 3-D Vp and Vp/Vs structure. The data set includes 39 123 P observations and 18 331 S observations from 1239 earthquakes and nine explosions. The subducted pla ...
Chapter 14 - apel slice
... People have explored the ocean for thousands of years. Knowledge of the ocean has always been important to the people living along its coasts. People have studied the ocean since ancient times, because the ocean provides food and serves as a route for trade and travel. Modern scientists have studied ...
... People have explored the ocean for thousands of years. Knowledge of the ocean has always been important to the people living along its coasts. People have studied the ocean since ancient times, because the ocean provides food and serves as a route for trade and travel. Modern scientists have studied ...
Continental Drift - Pearson Higher Education
... ocean as some predict? Have continents really drifted apart over the centuries? Answers to these questions and many others that have intrigued geologists for decades are now being provided by an exciting theory on large-scale movements taking place within Earth. This theory, called plate tectonics, ...
... ocean as some predict? Have continents really drifted apart over the centuries? Answers to these questions and many others that have intrigued geologists for decades are now being provided by an exciting theory on large-scale movements taking place within Earth. This theory, called plate tectonics, ...
35. Interpretation of Seismic-Reflection Data of the Middle America
... A geophysical and geological survey conducted over the landward slope of the Middle America Trench offshore Guatemala, together with published well information from the outer shelf and Leg 67 drilling results from the toe of the slope indicate that imbricate slices of oceanic crust were emplaced in ...
... A geophysical and geological survey conducted over the landward slope of the Middle America Trench offshore Guatemala, together with published well information from the outer shelf and Leg 67 drilling results from the toe of the slope indicate that imbricate slices of oceanic crust were emplaced in ...
GeoloGy y - Revista Pesquisa Fapesp
... researchers provide two possible explanations: Either the crust was already abnormally thin before the Andes were formed or four million years ago it became so thick and hot that it lost a portion of its deepest layers, an event called delamination. On the border between Peru and Ecuador, where the ...
... researchers provide two possible explanations: Either the crust was already abnormally thin before the Andes were formed or four million years ago it became so thick and hot that it lost a portion of its deepest layers, an event called delamination. On the border between Peru and Ecuador, where the ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.