oceanlandforms
... •They are more than 84,000 kilometers (52,000 miles) in length and they extend through the North and South of the Atlantic ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the South Pacific ocean. •According to the plate tectonics theory, volcanic rock is added to the sea floor as the mid-ocean ridge spreads apart. ...
... •They are more than 84,000 kilometers (52,000 miles) in length and they extend through the North and South of the Atlantic ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the South Pacific ocean. •According to the plate tectonics theory, volcanic rock is added to the sea floor as the mid-ocean ridge spreads apart. ...
Chapter 50 “An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere”
... Ex. American beech – climate models predict – northern and southern range will move 700-900 km ...
... Ex. American beech – climate models predict – northern and southern range will move 700-900 km ...
The Law of the Sea
... nautical mile may vary slightly. An internationally standardized unit measuring 6,076.115 feet ( 1.151 statute miles; 1,852 meters) has been recognized as official by the United States since July 1, 1959. ...
... nautical mile may vary slightly. An internationally standardized unit measuring 6,076.115 feet ( 1.151 statute miles; 1,852 meters) has been recognized as official by the United States since July 1, 1959. ...
23.2 Features of Ocean Floor Notes (Student Copy)
... Abyssal _____________ Vast, flat areas of deep-ocean basin where ocean is more than 4 km (_____ mi) deep Flattest places on Earth! 1,300 km (_____ mi) only change 3 m (_____ ft) Covered with fine __________________ (caused it to be flat, as snow does) Most carried from land by rivers, some falls fro ...
... Abyssal _____________ Vast, flat areas of deep-ocean basin where ocean is more than 4 km (_____ mi) deep Flattest places on Earth! 1,300 km (_____ mi) only change 3 m (_____ ft) Covered with fine __________________ (caused it to be flat, as snow does) Most carried from land by rivers, some falls fro ...
Ocean Floor
... • About 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans • Scientists study the ocean floor by using Sonar and satellites. Also use submersibles (like submarines except they can withstand lots of pressure) to collect samples of the ocean floor. Alvin is the name of one submersible. ...
... • About 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans • Scientists study the ocean floor by using Sonar and satellites. Also use submersibles (like submarines except they can withstand lots of pressure) to collect samples of the ocean floor. Alvin is the name of one submersible. ...
Ocean Waters and the Ocean Floor
... ocean's floor. -Here is a problem: Sound travels 5000 ft. per second through water. It takes one second for the echo to go from the ship and then be bounced off the bottom and return to the ship. The total distance is 5000 feet, so you know from the ship to the ocean floor it is half of that, or 250 ...
... ocean's floor. -Here is a problem: Sound travels 5000 ft. per second through water. It takes one second for the echo to go from the ship and then be bounced off the bottom and return to the ship. The total distance is 5000 feet, so you know from the ship to the ocean floor it is half of that, or 250 ...
Plate Tectonics Key Concepts List
... A boundary where two plates collide………………………………………convergent A boundary where two plates move away from each other…………………divergent The part of the mantle that can bend like plastic……………………….asthenosphere The process that continually adds new material to the ocean floor…………sea-floor spreadin ...
... A boundary where two plates collide………………………………………convergent A boundary where two plates move away from each other…………………divergent The part of the mantle that can bend like plastic……………………….asthenosphere The process that continually adds new material to the ocean floor…………sea-floor spreadin ...
File
... The features of the ocean floor contain mountain ranges, steep valleys, and vast plains. Not only that, but all of these features under the ocean tend to be much larger than the similar features on land. Label the following diagram of the ocean floor using the list of words given below: Continental ...
... The features of the ocean floor contain mountain ranges, steep valleys, and vast plains. Not only that, but all of these features under the ocean tend to be much larger than the similar features on land. Label the following diagram of the ocean floor using the list of words given below: Continental ...
Chapter 17 Plate Tectonics Notes
... 2. List the three types of evidence outlined in the text and explain how they support Wegener’s theory. 3. Why was Wegener’s hypothesis rejected by most scientists of the early 1900’s? ...
... 2. List the three types of evidence outlined in the text and explain how they support Wegener’s theory. 3. Why was Wegener’s hypothesis rejected by most scientists of the early 1900’s? ...
Continental Drift
... 2. List the three types of evidence outlined in the text and explain how they support Wegener’s theory. 3. Why was Wegener’s hypothesis rejected by most scientists of the early 1900’s? ...
... 2. List the three types of evidence outlined in the text and explain how they support Wegener’s theory. 3. Why was Wegener’s hypothesis rejected by most scientists of the early 1900’s? ...
Ocean Ch 15 Animals-Ben
... 15 -5. What Communities exist on the Deep Ocean Floor? Deep sea Hydrothermal Vents 1977 discovery. Water temp 46 to 54 Deg F. on the Galapagos Ridge. Tube worms > 1 met long. Baja California Vent 662 Deg F. Black smoker emits sulfides, are acidic and toxic (H2S and heavy metals) Other vents have a l ...
... 15 -5. What Communities exist on the Deep Ocean Floor? Deep sea Hydrothermal Vents 1977 discovery. Water temp 46 to 54 Deg F. on the Galapagos Ridge. Tube worms > 1 met long. Baja California Vent 662 Deg F. Black smoker emits sulfides, are acidic and toxic (H2S and heavy metals) Other vents have a l ...
Class 9 - Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
... photosynthesis requires burial of organic matter: CO2 + H2O → CH2O + O2 The Earth’s Glacial (“Icehouse”) and Non-Glacial (“Hothouse”) Modes — Ice sheets can form only on a continent at or near a pole Deep Oceanic Circulation, Burial of Organic Matter, and Atmospheric Oxygen — Thermohaline (glacial) ...
... photosynthesis requires burial of organic matter: CO2 + H2O → CH2O + O2 The Earth’s Glacial (“Icehouse”) and Non-Glacial (“Hothouse”) Modes — Ice sheets can form only on a continent at or near a pole Deep Oceanic Circulation, Burial of Organic Matter, and Atmospheric Oxygen — Thermohaline (glacial) ...
Geological Oceanography
... • Length varies in different parts of the world – East Coast of Canada: up to 400km long – West Coast of US: only a couple of km long ...
... • Length varies in different parts of the world – East Coast of Canada: up to 400km long – West Coast of US: only a couple of km long ...
Study Guide
... 6. a. Paleomagnetism is used to show that the continents have moved through time and, using the pattern of magnetic reversals found on the ocean floors, to explain sea floor spreading. b. Earthquake patterns are used to show plate boundaries and to trace the descent of slabs into the mantle. ...
... 6. a. Paleomagnetism is used to show that the continents have moved through time and, using the pattern of magnetic reversals found on the ocean floors, to explain sea floor spreading. b. Earthquake patterns are used to show plate boundaries and to trace the descent of slabs into the mantle. ...
Sea-Floor Spreading Power Point
... Most are underwater, but a few can be seen above the surface. ...
... Most are underwater, but a few can be seen above the surface. ...
Chapter 4.2 Plate Tectonics Theory
... Lithosphere—the oceanic and continental crust and the rigid upper mantle. Asthenosphere—a layer of slowly flowing, deformable rock under the lithosphere. Lithosphere is broken into separate plates that “float” on the denser asthenosphere. The continents and oceans are carried along on the moving l ...
... Lithosphere—the oceanic and continental crust and the rigid upper mantle. Asthenosphere—a layer of slowly flowing, deformable rock under the lithosphere. Lithosphere is broken into separate plates that “float” on the denser asthenosphere. The continents and oceans are carried along on the moving l ...
Section 17.2 Seafloor Spreading
... samples were taken, the older they were, and the youngest samples were always in the center of the ridge. ...
... samples were taken, the older they were, and the youngest samples were always in the center of the ridge. ...
Example
... • Theory of Plate Tectonics (PT) - pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in slow, constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. • PT explains the formation, movement, and subduction of Earth’s plates ...
... • Theory of Plate Tectonics (PT) - pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in slow, constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. • PT explains the formation, movement, and subduction of Earth’s plates ...
Mid-Ocean Ridges
... • Underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. • Oceanic spreading center – Valley of rifts running along its spine – Responsible for seafloor spreading ...
... • Underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. • Oceanic spreading center – Valley of rifts running along its spine – Responsible for seafloor spreading ...
Plate Tectonics: Types of Plate Margins
... Seven major plates: One for each continent North America South America Africa Eurasia Antarctica One with two smaller continents Indo-Australian And one that’s all ocean Pacific ...
... Seven major plates: One for each continent North America South America Africa Eurasia Antarctica One with two smaller continents Indo-Australian And one that’s all ocean Pacific ...
Plate Tectonics Timeline
... British geologist Arthur Holmes proposed that convection in the mantle is the force driving continental drift. Although his ideas were not taken seriously at the time, Holmes’s mantle convection hypothesis later gained support. ...
... British geologist Arthur Holmes proposed that convection in the mantle is the force driving continental drift. Although his ideas were not taken seriously at the time, Holmes’s mantle convection hypothesis later gained support. ...
Complete Earth.s struct
... kilometres long. They cut through the abyssal plains. They can be so high that they emerge from the water and create islands, as is the case of Iceland. • Ridges have a fissure down their middle, called a rift. Rift ...
... kilometres long. They cut through the abyssal plains. They can be so high that they emerge from the water and create islands, as is the case of Iceland. • Ridges have a fissure down their middle, called a rift. Rift ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.