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The Effect of Free-Surface Topography on Seismic Waves in the Moon
The Effect of Free-Surface Topography on Seismic Waves in the Moon

STRUCTURE OF THE MOON BY SEISMIC DATA
STRUCTURE OF THE MOON BY SEISMIC DATA

... 1976 for the same travel-time curves. In right fig. shows the velocity distribution of P- and S-waves in the crust and mantle of the Moon, obtained Goins et al. in 1981. A comparison of these velocity curves shows that the variation of velocities with depth in both figures differ slightly, but in ri ...
printer-friendly version of benchmark
printer-friendly version of benchmark

... to volcanism and mountain building. It provides explanations as to why earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in very specific areas around the world, and how and why great mountain ranges like the Alps and Himalayas formed. The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth’s rigid outermost lay ...
Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... The ____ is made of solid rock that flows very slowly. a. lithosphere c. asthenosphere b. mesosphere d. outer core The ____ is divided into tectonic plates. a. mesosphere c. lithosphere b. asthenosphere d. outer core How many major tectonic plates are there? a. five c. ten b. seven d. fourteen The t ...
Seismic Hazard Forecasting
Seismic Hazard Forecasting

... California between 1994 and 2024 An alternative model (assuming different cascade behavior and increased maximum magnitudes) matches the observed distribution somewhat better, and predicts an 80-89% probability of an m ≥ 7 earthquake in Southern California between 1994 and 2024 Uncertainty is probab ...
Earthquakes*
Earthquakes*

... Richter Magnitude of about 8.6. Note that larger earthquakes are possible, but have not been recorded by humans. Earthquake Risk The risk that an earthquake will occur close to where you live depends on whether or not tectonic activity that causes deformation is occurring within the crust of that a ...
Using earthquakes to uncover the Earth`s inner secrets
Using earthquakes to uncover the Earth`s inner secrets

... (Fig. 4). This simple interactive exhibit introduces the concept of seismic waves, their amplitudes and duration, displaying the trace of ground motion directly on paper. Moreover, it shows the instrumentation used by the National Seismic Network and how it works. This exhibit was particularly appre ...
Earth`s Systems and Resources - Lexington County School District
Earth`s Systems and Resources - Lexington County School District

... 1) the motion of lithospheric plates, 2) the geologic activities at plate boundaries, and 3) the changes in landform areas over geologic time. The focus of assessment should be for students to use evidence from 1) the motion of lithospheric plates 2) geologic activities at plate boundaries and 3) ch ...
Earthquakes
Earthquakes

... • If there is no plate boundary in the middle of the United States, why do these earthquakes take place? • Geologists are beginning to understand the answer. The New Madrid Fault Zone is part of an ancient plate boundary. • In this area, the North American Plate tried to form a divergent plate bound ...
Earthquakes and Seismic Waves An earthquake is
Earthquakes and Seismic Waves An earthquake is

... and the moment magnitude scale. The Mercalli scale was developed to rate earthquakes according to the level of damage at a given place. An earthquake’s magnitude is a number that geologists assign to an earthquake based on the earthquake's strength. The Richter scale is a rating of an earthquake’s m ...
Snack Tectonics
Snack Tectonics

... Learning Objectives: What will students know and be able to do as a result of this lesson? Students will be able to identify the events that occur at plate boundaries as a result of Earth's tectonic activity. Student Content Statement: In the mantle there are convection currents that cause the plate ...
What Caused Layers to Form?
What Caused Layers to Form?

... 2 additional Earth Layers •Crust: Ocean and Continental •Moho: boundary between crust and mantle; quick change in velocity •Upper Mantle •Lower Mantle •D”: boundary between mantle and outer core; source of deep mantle plumes and remnants of subducted ...
Earth`s Layers
Earth`s Layers

... • The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called (lithospheric) plate. • The plates “float” on the soft, semi rigid asthenosphere ...
earthquakes
earthquakes

... and expands the ground • The first wave to arrive at an earthquake http://daphne.meccahosting.com/~a0000e89/insideearth2.htm ...
Earthquakes - Blountstown Middle School
Earthquakes - Blountstown Middle School

... and expands the ground • The first wave to arrive at an earthquake http://daphne.meccahosting.com/~a0000e89/insideearth2.htm ...
Earthquakes PowerPoint
Earthquakes PowerPoint

... direction as wave movement S or secondary waves slower than P waves travel through solids only shear waves - move material perpendicular to wave movement ...
What Are Earthquakes?
What Are Earthquakes?

... lithosphere to break up into fault blocks. • These blocks thrust over one another as the plates move. • Two types of earthquakes may occur. • Between the two plates & • Inside the down going plate. ...
Earthquakes
Earthquakes

... 14. Fault surface along which movement takes place ...
Earthquakes
Earthquakes

... • Short-range – no reliable method yet devised for short-range prediction • Long-range forecasts • Premise is that earthquakes are repetitive • Region is given a probability of a quake ...
Flash Cards - tclauset.org
Flash Cards - tclauset.org

... Q3-2: Draw a simplified diagram of Earth’s interior: a.) Indicate where on the diagram you would find aluminum & silicon & iron. b.) Using the following density values (Al-2.7, Si2.3, Fe-7.9, H2O-1.0) to explain why water floats on the earth’s surface. c.) How does the density of the mantle compare ...
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (www.geomar
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (www.geomar

... Australian lithospheric plates and merges northwards into the Tonga arc. The southern segment of this subduction zone is characterized by the entrance of the Hikurangi plateau into the oceanic trench. The Kermadec margin system is controlled by basic tectonic processes, making this an ideal target z ...
10A_InternalEarrthStructTectonics
10A_InternalEarrthStructTectonics

... – C-C boundary: Major young mountain belts and shallow earthquakes – C-O boundary: Major volcanic mountain belts, subduction zone and oceanic trench, earthquakes – O-O boundary: Subduction zone, deep oceanic trench, volcanic island arc, wide earthquake zones ...
Tarapacб intermediate-depth earthquake - meteo
Tarapacб intermediate-depth earthquake - meteo

... arrivals. Source parameters are determined using the inversion method of Nábělek [1984], assuming a double-couple point source. At the source, the velocity structure of Table 1 is considered, while a homogeneous half-space is assumed at the receivers, e.g. Vp = 6.4 km/s, Vs = 3.7 km/s, r = 2.8 gr/ ...
4D modelling in the northern part of the Fennoscandian Shield
4D modelling in the northern part of the Fennoscandian Shield

... Tobias E. Bauer, PhD Luleå University of Technology ...
Earthquakes
Earthquakes

... In this area, the North American Plate tried to form a divergent plate boundary about 500 million years ago. The splitting stopped before new plates could form. Earthquakes occur because the North American Plate is still "settling down". The faults in the New Madrid Zone do not reach the Earth’s sur ...
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Earthscope



Earthscope is an earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure and evolution of the North American continent and to understand the processes controlling earthquakes and volcanoes. The project has three components: USARRAY, the Plate Boundary Observatory, and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth.The project is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the data produced is publicly accessible in real-time. Organizations associated with the project include UNAVCO, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Stanford University, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Several international organizations also contribute to the initiative.
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