The control of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content in cardiac muscle
... The combination of the two factors results in a simple feedback loop in which an undesired change of SR Ca content is compensated for by changes of sarcolemmal fluxes [2,23,24]. This feedback scheme provides a means to control SR Ca content. It plays an analogous role to that carried out by store de ...
... The combination of the two factors results in a simple feedback loop in which an undesired change of SR Ca content is compensated for by changes of sarcolemmal fluxes [2,23,24]. This feedback scheme provides a means to control SR Ca content. It plays an analogous role to that carried out by store de ...
Exocytosis acts as a modulator of the ILT4
... oxygen species (ROS) production (3). The release of toxic granules by exocytosis constitutes another function of neutrophils that is critical for their antimicrobial activity. Three granule subsets have been characterized: gelatinase, specific, and azurophil granules. They enclose proteolytic enzymes ...
... oxygen species (ROS) production (3). The release of toxic granules by exocytosis constitutes another function of neutrophils that is critical for their antimicrobial activity. Three granule subsets have been characterized: gelatinase, specific, and azurophil granules. They enclose proteolytic enzymes ...
Fine Tuning of Sympathetic Transmitter Release via Ionotropic and
... 2. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Adenosine A1 and A2 receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Angiotensin II AT1 r ...
... 2. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Adenosine A1 and A2 receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Angiotensin II AT1 r ...
Digestion of Dietary Carbohydrates
... similar to the effect of ATP on PFK-1. The binding of ATP to the inhibitor site reduces its affinity for PEP. The liver enzyme is also controlled at the level of synthesis. Increased carbohydrate ingestion induces the synthesis of PK resulting in elevated cellular levels of the enzyme. A number of P ...
... similar to the effect of ATP on PFK-1. The binding of ATP to the inhibitor site reduces its affinity for PEP. The liver enzyme is also controlled at the level of synthesis. Increased carbohydrate ingestion induces the synthesis of PK resulting in elevated cellular levels of the enzyme. A number of P ...
Co-translational Targeting and Translocation of the Amino Terminus
... has provided a number of insights into mechanisms of translocation. ATP is required for post-translational translocation across the yeast ER (15), as a consequence of the involvement of both cytosolic and ER-lumenal ATPase chaperones (14, 16, 17). The lumenal chaperone BiP (also known as Kar2 and Gr ...
... has provided a number of insights into mechanisms of translocation. ATP is required for post-translational translocation across the yeast ER (15), as a consequence of the involvement of both cytosolic and ER-lumenal ATPase chaperones (14, 16, 17). The lumenal chaperone BiP (also known as Kar2 and Gr ...
Increased Agonist Affinity at the
... was ⬃2 times above background when mea- Figure 1. Imaging binding and unbinding of dermorphin A594. A, FLAG-MOR in HEK 293 cells were labeled with M1 anti-FLAG suring unbinding, but only 5–10% above back- antibody-conjugated Alexa-488 (M1 A488) to visualize receptors localized on the plasma membrane ...
... was ⬃2 times above background when mea- Figure 1. Imaging binding and unbinding of dermorphin A594. A, FLAG-MOR in HEK 293 cells were labeled with M1 anti-FLAG suring unbinding, but only 5–10% above back- antibody-conjugated Alexa-488 (M1 A488) to visualize receptors localized on the plasma membrane ...
Sensory TRP Channel Interactions with Endogenous Lipids and
... interaction studies at a viewpoint of second messenger hypothesis was also HpETEs. HpETEs were shown to activate Aplysia K+ channels, which constitute the downstream mechanism of a neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) signaling [88]. In mammalian sensory physiology, NGF, prostaglandins (PGs) ...
... interaction studies at a viewpoint of second messenger hypothesis was also HpETEs. HpETEs were shown to activate Aplysia K+ channels, which constitute the downstream mechanism of a neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) signaling [88]. In mammalian sensory physiology, NGF, prostaglandins (PGs) ...
Evidence for Multiple Calcium Response
... stimulated with odorant mixtures and biochemical agents, and cell responses were measured with calcium imaging techniques. Odorants elicited either increases or decreases in intracellular calcium; odorant-induced calcium increases were mediated either by calcium fluxes through the cell membrane or by ...
... stimulated with odorant mixtures and biochemical agents, and cell responses were measured with calcium imaging techniques. Odorants elicited either increases or decreases in intracellular calcium; odorant-induced calcium increases were mediated either by calcium fluxes through the cell membrane or by ...
Allosteric Modulators of Steroid Hormone Receptors: Structural
... tural dynamics of SHRs with differences in the local concentrations of potential coregulatory proteins is likely to result in receptors bringing differing sets of binding partners together in response to agonist or antagonist ligands, such that an agonist in one cell type can be an antagonist in ano ...
... tural dynamics of SHRs with differences in the local concentrations of potential coregulatory proteins is likely to result in receptors bringing differing sets of binding partners together in response to agonist or antagonist ligands, such that an agonist in one cell type can be an antagonist in ano ...
Patterning the Xenopus blastula - Development
... (Table 1), and current research is directed towards understanding their relative importance and their relationship to each other in the endogenous dorsal pathway. Most of these molecules (* in Table 1) are absent or at very low abundance ...
... (Table 1), and current research is directed towards understanding their relative importance and their relationship to each other in the endogenous dorsal pathway. Most of these molecules (* in Table 1) are absent or at very low abundance ...
TNF-induced endothelial barrier disruption: beyond actin and Rho
... The cytokine TNF in the inflammatory response TNF, also known as TNFα, is a cytokine with pleiotropic effects in many cell types that is expressed as a type II transmembrane protein mainly by macrophages, dendritic cells and T-cells (3, 4). Upon arrival at the plasma membrane, some of the TNF molecu ...
... The cytokine TNF in the inflammatory response TNF, also known as TNFα, is a cytokine with pleiotropic effects in many cell types that is expressed as a type II transmembrane protein mainly by macrophages, dendritic cells and T-cells (3, 4). Upon arrival at the plasma membrane, some of the TNF molecu ...
Regulation of ryanodine receptors from skeletal and cardiac muscle
... by uptake and release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The ryanodine receptor (RyR) forms the calcium release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 2. Calcium release through RyRs is modulated by a wide variety of endogenous molecules including small diffusible ligands such as ATP, Ca2+ ...
... by uptake and release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The ryanodine receptor (RyR) forms the calcium release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 2. Calcium release through RyRs is modulated by a wide variety of endogenous molecules including small diffusible ligands such as ATP, Ca2+ ...
Role of glutamate on T-cell mediated immunity
... The pivotal role that glutamate plays in the functioning of the central nervous system is well established. Several glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters have been extensively described in the central nervous system where they, respectively mediate glutamate effects and regulates extracellu ...
... The pivotal role that glutamate plays in the functioning of the central nervous system is well established. Several glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters have been extensively described in the central nervous system where they, respectively mediate glutamate effects and regulates extracellu ...
Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP
... increases in intracellular free calcium in a relatively small subpopulation of trigeminal neurons (Fig. 1a), consistent with work from others using DRG cultures16,17,24. Menthol and cold excited a largely overlapping subset of neurons, a significant fraction of which (54.5% ^ 6.1, mean ^ s.e.m.) wer ...
... increases in intracellular free calcium in a relatively small subpopulation of trigeminal neurons (Fig. 1a), consistent with work from others using DRG cultures16,17,24. Menthol and cold excited a largely overlapping subset of neurons, a significant fraction of which (54.5% ^ 6.1, mean ^ s.e.m.) wer ...
Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy for characterisation of
... GABA, γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (receptors); GDP, Guanosine-5′-diphosphate; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; GTP, Guanosine-5′-triphosphate; hOR17-4, Human olfactory receptor 17-4; HPA, Hydrophobic association (sensor chip); hPRR, Human (pro)renin receptor; HTA, ω-Hydroxy-undecanethiol; MSP, Membr ...
... GABA, γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (receptors); GDP, Guanosine-5′-diphosphate; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; GTP, Guanosine-5′-triphosphate; hOR17-4, Human olfactory receptor 17-4; HPA, Hydrophobic association (sensor chip); hPRR, Human (pro)renin receptor; HTA, ω-Hydroxy-undecanethiol; MSP, Membr ...
Receptor-Like Activity Evoked by Extracellular ADP in Arabidopsis
... repeated application evoked a smaller current. Such response speed and densitization are consistent with operation of equivalents to animal ionotropic purine receptors, although to date no equivalent genes for such receptors have been identified in higher plants. In contrast to ATP, extracellular AD ...
... repeated application evoked a smaller current. Such response speed and densitization are consistent with operation of equivalents to animal ionotropic purine receptors, although to date no equivalent genes for such receptors have been identified in higher plants. In contrast to ATP, extracellular AD ...
Two different but converging messenger pathways to intracellular
... play a role, but it would also seem reasonable to consider the possibility that other Ca2+-releasing messengers may be of functional importance. Both cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) release Ca2+ from sea-urchin egg microsomes (Galione, 1993; Genazz ...
... play a role, but it would also seem reasonable to consider the possibility that other Ca2+-releasing messengers may be of functional importance. Both cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) release Ca2+ from sea-urchin egg microsomes (Galione, 1993; Genazz ...
Purinergic signalling
Purinergic signalling (or signaling: see American and British English differences) is a form of extracellular signalling mediated by purine nucleotides and nucleosides such as adenosine and ATP. It involves the activation of purinergic receptors in the cell and/or in nearby cells, thereby regulating cellular functions.The purinergic signalling complex of a cell is sometimes referred to as the “purinome”.