Mesoderm induction: from caps to chips - UNC
... It is likely that all of the families of signalling factors that are important for mesoderm induction have been identified, although all of the crucial individual factors might not yet have been determined. A surprising feature is the complexity of signalling factors that are used by the embryo for ...
... It is likely that all of the families of signalling factors that are important for mesoderm induction have been identified, although all of the crucial individual factors might not yet have been determined. A surprising feature is the complexity of signalling factors that are used by the embryo for ...
Inherited defects in platelet signaling mechanisms
... the platelet TxA2 receptor (see reference [1] for review) but the molecular defects have not been delineated. Speci®c mutations in the platelet TxA2 receptor have been documented by Hirata et al. [5] who described an Arg60 to Leu mutation in the ®rst cytoplasmic loop of the TxA2 receptor in two unre ...
... the platelet TxA2 receptor (see reference [1] for review) but the molecular defects have not been delineated. Speci®c mutations in the platelet TxA2 receptor have been documented by Hirata et al. [5] who described an Arg60 to Leu mutation in the ®rst cytoplasmic loop of the TxA2 receptor in two unre ...
Classification - HAL
... with CD4 to enter and infect target cells (1), and a receptor for agonist (CCL3/MIP-1, CCL4/MIP-1, CCL5/RANTES) and antagonist/weak partial agonist (CCL7/MCP-3) chemokines (2, 3). The native agonist chemokine ligands of CCR5 induce conformational changes in the receptor that promote activation of ...
... with CD4 to enter and infect target cells (1), and a receptor for agonist (CCL3/MIP-1, CCL4/MIP-1, CCL5/RANTES) and antagonist/weak partial agonist (CCL7/MCP-3) chemokines (2, 3). The native agonist chemokine ligands of CCR5 induce conformational changes in the receptor that promote activation of ...
casanova and endoderm formation - Development
... induced in wild-type but not in MZoep embryos upon ectopic bon/mixer expression. Last, we have analysed the activities of cas when overexpressed in zebrafish embryos and determined its requirements for defined components of the Nodal signalling pathway. We show that cas can induce early endodermal m ...
... induced in wild-type but not in MZoep embryos upon ectopic bon/mixer expression. Last, we have analysed the activities of cas when overexpressed in zebrafish embryos and determined its requirements for defined components of the Nodal signalling pathway. We show that cas can induce early endodermal m ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Sympathetic Remodeling and Arrhythmias
... may also contribute to elevated adrenergic transmission in the heart. Neuronal cell size is increased significantly in stellate ganglia removed from humans with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy compared to control ganglia 20, and similar changes identified in canines coincide with increased ...
... may also contribute to elevated adrenergic transmission in the heart. Neuronal cell size is increased significantly in stellate ganglia removed from humans with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy compared to control ganglia 20, and similar changes identified in canines coincide with increased ...
Platelets Served with - The Journal of Immunology
... Platelets are small cellular fragments with the primary physiological role of maintaining hemostasis. In addition to this well-described classical function, it is becoming increasingly clear that platelets have an intimate connection with infection and inflammation. This stems from several platelet ...
... Platelets are small cellular fragments with the primary physiological role of maintaining hemostasis. In addition to this well-described classical function, it is becoming increasingly clear that platelets have an intimate connection with infection and inflammation. This stems from several platelet ...
Calcium diffusion models and transmitter release in
... s a first approximation, one may A think of neuron cytoplasm as a single compartment. In that case, a constituent of cytoplasm with regulatory functions, such as calcium or cyclic nucleotides, can be treated as a simple variable controlling a cell function, such as transmitter release or membrane pe ...
... s a first approximation, one may A think of neuron cytoplasm as a single compartment. In that case, a constituent of cytoplasm with regulatory functions, such as calcium or cyclic nucleotides, can be treated as a simple variable controlling a cell function, such as transmitter release or membrane pe ...
Understanding the role of growth factors in embryonic development
... epithelial explants, similar to that seen in vitreoustreated cells and with high concentrations of FGF, leading to lens fibre differentiation. More recently, we have shown that vitreous humour stimulates a more robust phosphorylation of Akt in rat lens epithelial cells than FGF alone [27], raising t ...
... epithelial explants, similar to that seen in vitreoustreated cells and with high concentrations of FGF, leading to lens fibre differentiation. More recently, we have shown that vitreous humour stimulates a more robust phosphorylation of Akt in rat lens epithelial cells than FGF alone [27], raising t ...
Selective and differential interactions of BNN27
... also binds to and activates p75NTR, albeit with lower affinity compared to its precursor molecule, proNGF (Teng et al., 2005). The hallmark of the biological action of NGF in the nervous system is its potent anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects via its binding to the TrkA receptor which activat ...
... also binds to and activates p75NTR, albeit with lower affinity compared to its precursor molecule, proNGF (Teng et al., 2005). The hallmark of the biological action of NGF in the nervous system is its potent anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects via its binding to the TrkA receptor which activat ...
Anatomical Characterization and Cellular Physiology of Rat Aortic
... bifurcation of the left vagus nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), where they are found in association with a group of local neurons (>30). In vagus nerve-RLN wholemounts, AB chemoreceptor (type I) cells were immunoreactive against the vesicular acetylcholine (ACh) transporter, and were surrou ...
... bifurcation of the left vagus nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), where they are found in association with a group of local neurons (>30). In vagus nerve-RLN wholemounts, AB chemoreceptor (type I) cells were immunoreactive against the vesicular acetylcholine (ACh) transporter, and were surrou ...
LPAproducing enzyme PAPLA1 regulates hair follicle development
... LPA exerts most of its functions through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Anliker and Chun, 2004; Moolenaar et al, 2004). So far, six LPA-specific GPCRs belonging to either the endothelial cell differentiation gene family (LPA1,2,3) or P2Y family (LPA4,5,6) have been identified (Anliker and Chun ...
... LPA exerts most of its functions through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Anliker and Chun, 2004; Moolenaar et al, 2004). So far, six LPA-specific GPCRs belonging to either the endothelial cell differentiation gene family (LPA1,2,3) or P2Y family (LPA4,5,6) have been identified (Anliker and Chun ...
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sex differences in renal
... in the proximal tubular epithelium. This causes a change in the localization of polarized membrane proteins, especially sodium – potassium ATPase (NKA) (Fig. 1A and B). NKA is normally localized to the basolateral plasma membrane but after ischemia appears on the apical plasma membrane [40]. This re ...
... in the proximal tubular epithelium. This causes a change in the localization of polarized membrane proteins, especially sodium – potassium ATPase (NKA) (Fig. 1A and B). NKA is normally localized to the basolateral plasma membrane but after ischemia appears on the apical plasma membrane [40]. This re ...
Title page: Lidocaine effects on acetylcholine-elicited currents from
... 1. Introduction Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) that mediate fast synaptic transmission in peripheral and central nervous system. An outstanding characteristic of nAChRs is their wide structural heterogeneity, based in both diverse subunit ...
... 1. Introduction Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) that mediate fast synaptic transmission in peripheral and central nervous system. An outstanding characteristic of nAChRs is their wide structural heterogeneity, based in both diverse subunit ...
chloroquine inhibits lysosomal enzyme pinocytosis and enhances
... would arrive at the surface unbound and be released into the medium . Chloroquine and other lysosomotropic amines inhibit the uptake of acid hydrolases . Wiesmann et al . (33) reported that chloroquine had two effects on lysosomal enzymes in fibroblasts: first, inhibiting enzyme pinocytosis by impai ...
... would arrive at the surface unbound and be released into the medium . Chloroquine and other lysosomotropic amines inhibit the uptake of acid hydrolases . Wiesmann et al . (33) reported that chloroquine had two effects on lysosomal enzymes in fibroblasts: first, inhibiting enzyme pinocytosis by impai ...
S7.Cell Signaling-β-catenin pathway homework
... 6. Describe the ultimate outcome of Wnt pathway activation. Changes in gene expression when β-catenin moves into the nucleus. 7. Give two examples of negative regulation found here. Contrast their molecular mechanisms. β-catenin is ubiquitinated and removed by proteolysis, ie. it is destroyed. The β ...
... 6. Describe the ultimate outcome of Wnt pathway activation. Changes in gene expression when β-catenin moves into the nucleus. 7. Give two examples of negative regulation found here. Contrast their molecular mechanisms. β-catenin is ubiquitinated and removed by proteolysis, ie. it is destroyed. The β ...
Evolutionarily conserved recognition and innate immunity to fungal
... To determine if CED-1 is also involved in the host response to other pathogens, we infected WT and CED-1 mutant worms with the common human pathogens Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. By 144 h, ⵑ56% of CED-1 mutants died in response to Salmonella infection as ...
... To determine if CED-1 is also involved in the host response to other pathogens, we infected WT and CED-1 mutant worms with the common human pathogens Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. By 144 h, ⵑ56% of CED-1 mutants died in response to Salmonella infection as ...
HIV-1 Transactivator of Transcription Protein Induces Mitochondrial
... cells (2), thus increasing the probability that it will be found at higher concentrations in the extracellular space in brain parenchyma relative to other HIV gene products. Tat is often described as pleiotropic because of its diverse effects in the periphery and the CNS. In keeping with this, Tat e ...
... cells (2), thus increasing the probability that it will be found at higher concentrations in the extracellular space in brain parenchyma relative to other HIV gene products. Tat is often described as pleiotropic because of its diverse effects in the periphery and the CNS. In keeping with this, Tat e ...
Purinergic signalling
Purinergic signalling (or signaling: see American and British English differences) is a form of extracellular signalling mediated by purine nucleotides and nucleosides such as adenosine and ATP. It involves the activation of purinergic receptors in the cell and/or in nearby cells, thereby regulating cellular functions.The purinergic signalling complex of a cell is sometimes referred to as the “purinome”.