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hot liquid rock beneath the earth`s surface
hot liquid rock beneath the earth`s surface

... the earth's surface igneous rock rock formed by the cooling and hardening of magma or lava rocks formed from sediments that have been pressed and cemented into rock Created by A. Wong, Sugarland ES ...
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Earth Model/Changes - Edquest Science Learning Resources

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Tony Davis, LLM Lecture 1 – Plate Techtonics

... environments. Their history is long, but ours is short. Our genus Homo evolved about 3 MY ago. Our species, Homo sapiens, only 200,000 years ago. ...
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02 HW Our Dynamic Earth

... Intro chapter; click on “start your exploration with Earth’s Structure”. 2. Go to the Plate Tectonics Chapter. Click through each page, including any interactive pages, or pages with questions for you to answer. 3. Go to the Plate Boundaries chapter, and again, take advantage of any interactive page ...
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Age of the Earth



The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%). This age is based on evidence from radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.Following the development of radiometric age dating in the early 20th century, measurements of lead in uranium-rich minerals showed that some were in excess of a billion years old.The oldest such minerals analyzed to date—small crystals of zircon from the Jack Hills of Western Australia—are at least 4.404 billion years old. Comparing the mass and luminosity of the Sun to those of other stars, it appears that the Solar System cannot be much older than those rocks. Calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions – the oldest known solid constituents within meteorites that are formed within the Solar System – are 4.567 billion years old, giving an age for the solar system and an upper limit for the age of Earth.It is hypothesised that the accretion of Earth began soon after the formation of the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions and the meteorites. Because the exact amount of time this accretion process took is not yet known, and the predictions from different accretion models range from a few millions up to about 100 million years, the exact age of Earth is difficult to determine. It is also difficult to determine the exact age of the oldest rocks on Earth, exposed at the surface, as they are aggregates of minerals of possibly different ages.
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