enzymology
... activated then enzyme synthesis takes place and the process is called enzyme induction. On the contrary, if enzyme synthesis is inhibited it is called repression. This type of control mechanism is operative at the level of either transcription or translation, but mostly it is seen at transcription l ...
... activated then enzyme synthesis takes place and the process is called enzyme induction. On the contrary, if enzyme synthesis is inhibited it is called repression. This type of control mechanism is operative at the level of either transcription or translation, but mostly it is seen at transcription l ...
Heinrichs, V., and Baker, B. S.
... understand which molecular interactions are required in splicing regulation. Both binding of SR proteins to their target pre-mRNAs and protein–protein interactions of SR proteins with both regulatory and general splicing factors are expected to be important in determining splice site choices. These ...
... understand which molecular interactions are required in splicing regulation. Both binding of SR proteins to their target pre-mRNAs and protein–protein interactions of SR proteins with both regulatory and general splicing factors are expected to be important in determining splice site choices. These ...
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs)
... 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 (probably too low endogenous conc. to affect PPAR function) ? Whether a highly specific natural ligand exists or acts as a physiological lipid sensor activated by combination of weakly activating fatty acids ...
... 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 (probably too low endogenous conc. to affect PPAR function) ? Whether a highly specific natural ligand exists or acts as a physiological lipid sensor activated by combination of weakly activating fatty acids ...
Dictionary of Interfaces in Proteins (DIP). Data Bank of
... 1990). A similar classi®cation of different proteinprotein interactions was recently carried out by Jones & Thornton (1996). Recent studies of protein folding (e.g. see Peng et al., 1995) indicate that molten globules do have major secondary structures resembling native topology. These results sugge ...
... 1990). A similar classi®cation of different proteinprotein interactions was recently carried out by Jones & Thornton (1996). Recent studies of protein folding (e.g. see Peng et al., 1995) indicate that molten globules do have major secondary structures resembling native topology. These results sugge ...
Sp3 Represses Gene Expression via the Titration of Promoter
... The DHFR, p21, and MDR-1 Promoters Possess Distinct Sensitivities to Sp-mediated Trans-activation and Repression—We have shown previously that Sp1 and Sp3 stimulate transcription of the DHFR promoter and that Sp1/Sp3-mediated transcription is repressed by two isoforms of Sp3, termed M1 and M2, that ...
... The DHFR, p21, and MDR-1 Promoters Possess Distinct Sensitivities to Sp-mediated Trans-activation and Repression—We have shown previously that Sp1 and Sp3 stimulate transcription of the DHFR promoter and that Sp1/Sp3-mediated transcription is repressed by two isoforms of Sp3, termed M1 and M2, that ...
Descriptions of translation related genes that
... Gcn20p regulate Gcn2p kinase, translation elongation activity Cytosolic protein which regiulates translation elongation, Gcn2p kinase activity Involved in the nonsense mediated decay pathway, maintain telomere ATP-dependent RNA helicase of the SFI superfamily, involved in mRNA metabolism, regulate t ...
... Gcn20p regulate Gcn2p kinase, translation elongation activity Cytosolic protein which regiulates translation elongation, Gcn2p kinase activity Involved in the nonsense mediated decay pathway, maintain telomere ATP-dependent RNA helicase of the SFI superfamily, involved in mRNA metabolism, regulate t ...
Measurements of protein sequence
... training layer, and very frequently structure–sequence interactions are intermingled with homology information, masking the relative effect of structure versus evolutionary history on the amino acid sequence. Direct, quantitative measurements of sequence–structure correlations can elucidate the rela ...
... training layer, and very frequently structure–sequence interactions are intermingled with homology information, masking the relative effect of structure versus evolutionary history on the amino acid sequence. Direct, quantitative measurements of sequence–structure correlations can elucidate the rela ...
CH2O -OCH CH2O- - f.a. #1 f.a.#2 f.a.#3 f.a. = fatty acid.
... nutrients can enter and waste products leave-it is not totally impermeable. Macroscopic material can enter via phagocytosis (solids) or pinocytosis (liquids)-remember Amoeba-while material in solution passes through the membrane via some transport device. It is this protection requirement of the mem ...
... nutrients can enter and waste products leave-it is not totally impermeable. Macroscopic material can enter via phagocytosis (solids) or pinocytosis (liquids)-remember Amoeba-while material in solution passes through the membrane via some transport device. It is this protection requirement of the mem ...
07 Interneuronal connections
... 2. Ca++ influx into presynaptic term. 3. Ca++ acts as intracellular messenger stimulating synaptic vesicles to fuse with membrane and release NT via exocytosis. 4. Ca++ removed from synaptic knob by mitochondria or calcium-pumps. 5. NT diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptor on postsyna ...
... 2. Ca++ influx into presynaptic term. 3. Ca++ acts as intracellular messenger stimulating synaptic vesicles to fuse with membrane and release NT via exocytosis. 4. Ca++ removed from synaptic knob by mitochondria or calcium-pumps. 5. NT diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptor on postsyna ...
The goal of protein structure prediction by threading is to find a best
... commonly used by macromolecular modeling software. Instead, most threading objective functions are determined empirically by statistical analysis of the 3D data deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Thus they are often referred to as empirical potentials or knowledge-based potentials. In the cas ...
... commonly used by macromolecular modeling software. Instead, most threading objective functions are determined empirically by statistical analysis of the 3D data deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Thus they are often referred to as empirical potentials or knowledge-based potentials. In the cas ...
View/Open
... Swine: Distiller’s dried grain by-products can be used as a protein/energy source in growing pigs and reproducing sows at limited inclusion rates. v DDGS contain approximately 27 percent crude protein, but are low in lysine and to a lesser extent threonine, leucine, isoleucine, and tryptophan v DDG ...
... Swine: Distiller’s dried grain by-products can be used as a protein/energy source in growing pigs and reproducing sows at limited inclusion rates. v DDGS contain approximately 27 percent crude protein, but are low in lysine and to a lesser extent threonine, leucine, isoleucine, and tryptophan v DDG ...
Protein Analysis - GRiSP Research Solutions
... them to disrupt membranes and solublize proteins. Detergents have both a polar and nonpolar portion, and can be classified by the characteristics of the polar group: ionic if the polar group is positive or negatively charged, nonionic if it is uncharged, or zwitterionic if it contains positive and n ...
... them to disrupt membranes and solublize proteins. Detergents have both a polar and nonpolar portion, and can be classified by the characteristics of the polar group: ionic if the polar group is positive or negatively charged, nonionic if it is uncharged, or zwitterionic if it contains positive and n ...
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
... incandescent lamp or a laser and absorbed by the fluorophore, creating an excited electronic singlet state (S1'). This process distinguishes fluorescence from chemiluminescence, in which the excited state is populated by a chemical reaction. Stage 2 : Excited-State Lifetime. The excited state exists ...
... incandescent lamp or a laser and absorbed by the fluorophore, creating an excited electronic singlet state (S1'). This process distinguishes fluorescence from chemiluminescence, in which the excited state is populated by a chemical reaction. Stage 2 : Excited-State Lifetime. The excited state exists ...
protein
... determined by the covalently linked amino acid residues in the polypeptide backbone, secondary and higher orders of structure are determined principally by noncovalent forces such as hydrogen bonds and ionic, van der Waals, and hydrophobic interactions. • It is important to emphasize that all the in ...
... determined by the covalently linked amino acid residues in the polypeptide backbone, secondary and higher orders of structure are determined principally by noncovalent forces such as hydrogen bonds and ionic, van der Waals, and hydrophobic interactions. • It is important to emphasize that all the in ...
`Hybrid Protein Model`for optimally defining 3D protein structure
... Published by Oxford University Press ...
... Published by Oxford University Press ...
IF-3
... at some of these sites, most notably the mRNAbinding site and P site on the 30S subunit. The 3′ terminal region of the rRNA seems to be of particular importance. Functional involvement of the rRNA in ribosomal sites is best established for the mRNAbinding site, where mutations in 16S rRNA affect the ...
... at some of these sites, most notably the mRNAbinding site and P site on the 30S subunit. The 3′ terminal region of the rRNA seems to be of particular importance. Functional involvement of the rRNA in ribosomal sites is best established for the mRNAbinding site, where mutations in 16S rRNA affect the ...
Effects of Enzyme Concentration, Temperature, pH
... peptide linkages will take place simultaneously. After an initial rapid phase of hydrolysis, the rate of hydrolysis will tend to decrease, entering a stationary phase. At this point, increasing the concentration of enzyme used may not result in higher degree of hydrolysis as the concentration of pep ...
... peptide linkages will take place simultaneously. After an initial rapid phase of hydrolysis, the rate of hydrolysis will tend to decrease, entering a stationary phase. At this point, increasing the concentration of enzyme used may not result in higher degree of hydrolysis as the concentration of pep ...
Import of ADP/ATP Carrier into Mitochondria: Two Receptors Act in
... against yeast MOM72 inhibit specific binding of AAC. Isolated yeast mitochondria (10 #g of protein) were pre-incubated with IgGs prepared from preimmune serum or from antisera directed against yeast MOM72, porill, or a 17-kD outer membrane protein for 30 rain at 0°C (S6Uner et al., 1989). In a paral ...
... against yeast MOM72 inhibit specific binding of AAC. Isolated yeast mitochondria (10 #g of protein) were pre-incubated with IgGs prepared from preimmune serum or from antisera directed against yeast MOM72, porill, or a 17-kD outer membrane protein for 30 rain at 0°C (S6Uner et al., 1989). In a paral ...
Stress puts TIA on TOP
... inactivation alone do not explain the selective repression of 59TOP mRNA translation induced by amino acid starvation; TIA-1/TIAR appear to be required for this selective effect. How these signaling pathways modulate the activity of TIA-1/TIAR and perhaps other trans-factors that repress 59TOP mRNA ...
... inactivation alone do not explain the selective repression of 59TOP mRNA translation induced by amino acid starvation; TIA-1/TIAR appear to be required for this selective effect. How these signaling pathways modulate the activity of TIA-1/TIAR and perhaps other trans-factors that repress 59TOP mRNA ...
Powerpoint
... a 12-stranded ß-sheet that is sandwiched by a helices. N and C termini of the small and large protease subunits are indicated ...
... a 12-stranded ß-sheet that is sandwiched by a helices. N and C termini of the small and large protease subunits are indicated ...
Protease Activity of a 90-kDa Protein Isolated from Scallop Shells
... protease activity was observed in a single peak, which was eluted around the 0.3 M NaCl fraction. SDSPAGE analysis of this peak did not show any bands by CBB staining, but showed a main band with a molecular weight of approximately 90 kDa by Stainsall staining (Figure 1C). To purify the protease fur ...
... protease activity was observed in a single peak, which was eluted around the 0.3 M NaCl fraction. SDSPAGE analysis of this peak did not show any bands by CBB staining, but showed a main band with a molecular weight of approximately 90 kDa by Stainsall staining (Figure 1C). To purify the protease fur ...
The Predicted Candidates of Arabidopsis Plastid Inner Envelope
... the specificity was lower (69% and 84% on two different test sets). This means that more false positives are expected than false negatives. To increase the specificity, cutoff restraints can be applied. However, to include a maximum number of possible candidates we instead chose default decision rul ...
... the specificity was lower (69% and 84% on two different test sets). This means that more false positives are expected than false negatives. To increase the specificity, cutoff restraints can be applied. However, to include a maximum number of possible candidates we instead chose default decision rul ...
Engineering and Identifying Supercharged Proteins
... therefore enables measurement of total internalized protein as well as measurements of uptake and trafficking kinetics. The high negative charge of heparin also enables its use as a competitor with the cell surface for þ36 GFP binding. For example, at 4 C endocytosis is known to be inhibited in mam ...
... therefore enables measurement of total internalized protein as well as measurements of uptake and trafficking kinetics. The high negative charge of heparin also enables its use as a competitor with the cell surface for þ36 GFP binding. For example, at 4 C endocytosis is known to be inhibited in mam ...
Protein Foods
... o Complete: Animal sources of protein. These proteins contain all of the protein building blocks called amino acids that your body needs to grow and maintain tissue. o Incomplete: Plant sources of protein. These proteins are missing one or more amino acids; not all of the building blocks are there. ...
... o Complete: Animal sources of protein. These proteins contain all of the protein building blocks called amino acids that your body needs to grow and maintain tissue. o Incomplete: Plant sources of protein. These proteins are missing one or more amino acids; not all of the building blocks are there. ...
Classification and substrate head-group specificity of membrane
... membrane-bound desaturases [25]. For a very diverse protein family, such as the membrane FADs, constructing a high-quality multiple sequence alignment can be challenging [30], which limits our ability to obtain evolutionary information from phylogenetic analysis and to annotate the possible function ...
... membrane-bound desaturases [25]. For a very diverse protein family, such as the membrane FADs, constructing a high-quality multiple sequence alignment can be challenging [30], which limits our ability to obtain evolutionary information from phylogenetic analysis and to annotate the possible function ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).