Presynaptic mechanisms: neurotransmitter release, synaptic vesicle
... Quantal release via SVs implies membrane fusion, re-endocytosis (membrane recycling in axon terminal) The rapidity of NT release and the Calcium hypothesis NT release is highly dependent on calcium -- 4th order Very rapid: 100-200 microseconds between action potential arrival and NT release implies ...
... Quantal release via SVs implies membrane fusion, re-endocytosis (membrane recycling in axon terminal) The rapidity of NT release and the Calcium hypothesis NT release is highly dependent on calcium -- 4th order Very rapid: 100-200 microseconds between action potential arrival and NT release implies ...
EMBO EMBO EMBO
... (Figure 1C), an iodobenzyl derivative of the potent inhibitor 2-PMPA, was determined by single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD), making use of the zinc ions at the catalytic center of the enzyme, along with a strong contribution from the iodine atom present in the inhibitor (see Supplementary T ...
... (Figure 1C), an iodobenzyl derivative of the potent inhibitor 2-PMPA, was determined by single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD), making use of the zinc ions at the catalytic center of the enzyme, along with a strong contribution from the iodine atom present in the inhibitor (see Supplementary T ...
the enzymatic synthesis of protein. i.
... important observation that neither enzyme was capable of producing plastein from any type of digest of gelatin; nor from any tryptic digest except of casein, and here only by pepsin. There is indicated in their work the possibility of the influence of dilution, of temperature, and of acidity on the ...
... important observation that neither enzyme was capable of producing plastein from any type of digest of gelatin; nor from any tryptic digest except of casein, and here only by pepsin. There is indicated in their work the possibility of the influence of dilution, of temperature, and of acidity on the ...
Functional Requirements of the Yellow Fever Virus Capsid Protein
... demonstrated and suggests that the C protein may represent a potentially useful target for the development of novel antiviral strategies (14). The C protein was recently shown to be an ...
... demonstrated and suggests that the C protein may represent a potentially useful target for the development of novel antiviral strategies (14). The C protein was recently shown to be an ...
BIOMOLECULES: INTRODUCTION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
... named this “most important of all substances” as protein (derived from the Greek word proteios, meaning “holding first place” or of the prime importance) in 1838. Proteins are indeed a group of cellular components without which life on the planet earth is unimaginable. We shall seldom come across a ...
... named this “most important of all substances” as protein (derived from the Greek word proteios, meaning “holding first place” or of the prime importance) in 1838. Proteins are indeed a group of cellular components without which life on the planet earth is unimaginable. We shall seldom come across a ...
Bacterial second messengers, cGMP and cdiGMP, in a quest for
... the attached regulatory domains. The specificity of these cyclases towards their nucleotide substrates is determined by just a few residues in the substrate-binding pocket (Sunahara et al, 1998). The primary targets of cAMP and cGMP regulation are transmembrane ion channels, protein kinases and cNMP- ...
... the attached regulatory domains. The specificity of these cyclases towards their nucleotide substrates is determined by just a few residues in the substrate-binding pocket (Sunahara et al, 1998). The primary targets of cAMP and cGMP regulation are transmembrane ion channels, protein kinases and cNMP- ...
The hnRNP C Proteins Contain a Nuclear Retention Sequence That
... the cytoplasm. These shuttling hnRNP proteins include hnRNP A1, K, and E (Pifiol-Roma and Dreyfuss, 1992, 1993a; Michael et al., 1995b). While in the cytoplasm, hnRNP A1 is associated with mRNA, suggesting that shuttling hnRNP proteins accompany mRNA from the point of its emergence from the transcri ...
... the cytoplasm. These shuttling hnRNP proteins include hnRNP A1, K, and E (Pifiol-Roma and Dreyfuss, 1992, 1993a; Michael et al., 1995b). While in the cytoplasm, hnRNP A1 is associated with mRNA, suggesting that shuttling hnRNP proteins accompany mRNA from the point of its emergence from the transcri ...
C-terminal Truncation of p21H Preserves Crucial Kinetic and
... of the protein (23), were inserted into ptacrasc'. These proteins were purified according to identical purification schemes. All isolated p21 proteins bind radiolabeled GDP with -90% of the theoretical maximum. Fig. 1 shows that the truncated p2lC' can be crystallized as the GppNp as well as the Gpp ...
... of the protein (23), were inserted into ptacrasc'. These proteins were purified according to identical purification schemes. All isolated p21 proteins bind radiolabeled GDP with -90% of the theoretical maximum. Fig. 1 shows that the truncated p2lC' can be crystallized as the GppNp as well as the Gpp ...
The 92-kDa chitinase from Streptomyces olivaceoviridis contains a
... the ultraconcentrate of S. olivaceoviridis before [7] and more recently a serine proteinase of 22 kDa (Breves, unpublished) was characterized in our laboratory. We isolated 42-, 22- and 14-kDa proteinases by FPLC from the protein concentrate in the presence of Pefabloc SC. The proteins were blotted ...
... the ultraconcentrate of S. olivaceoviridis before [7] and more recently a serine proteinase of 22 kDa (Breves, unpublished) was characterized in our laboratory. We isolated 42-, 22- and 14-kDa proteinases by FPLC from the protein concentrate in the presence of Pefabloc SC. The proteins were blotted ...
evolution of protein function by domain swapping
... phate in a complex reaction. GLNase- and SYNase-like domains are found in CPSase domains of higher species. CPSase, ATCase and CHOase are independent in bacteria but fused into multienzyme proteins in eukaryotes (CAD) in the order CPSase-DHOase-ATCase (Fig. 3). Unlike in the purine enzymes previousl ...
... phate in a complex reaction. GLNase- and SYNase-like domains are found in CPSase domains of higher species. CPSase, ATCase and CHOase are independent in bacteria but fused into multienzyme proteins in eukaryotes (CAD) in the order CPSase-DHOase-ATCase (Fig. 3). Unlike in the purine enzymes previousl ...
TYK2 (JTK1), Active TYK2 (JTK1), Active
... Store product at –70oC. For optimal storage, aliquot target into smaller quantities after centrifugation and store at recommended temperature. For most favorable performance, avoid repeated handling and multiple freeze/thaw cycles. Product shipped ...
... Store product at –70oC. For optimal storage, aliquot target into smaller quantities after centrifugation and store at recommended temperature. For most favorable performance, avoid repeated handling and multiple freeze/thaw cycles. Product shipped ...
A Nascent Membrane Protein Is Located Adjacent to ER Membrane
... bilayer and is released into the lumen of the ER (Walter and Lingappa, 1986). In contrast, the nonpolar transmembrane segments of membrane proteins (also termed "stop-transfer" sequences; Blobel, 1980) do not pass through the bilayer, but are integrated into the membrane. The stop-transfer sequence ...
... bilayer and is released into the lumen of the ER (Walter and Lingappa, 1986). In contrast, the nonpolar transmembrane segments of membrane proteins (also termed "stop-transfer" sequences; Blobel, 1980) do not pass through the bilayer, but are integrated into the membrane. The stop-transfer sequence ...
Structural determinants of cold adaptation and stability in a
... Such stabilization of the heat-labile α-amylase is obtained when a salt-bridge (N150D), polar aromatic interactions (V196F) or an additional Hbond (K300R) are introduced in the protein. Thermal unfolding of some of these mutants is illustrated in Figure 2. These additional electrostatic interactions ...
... Such stabilization of the heat-labile α-amylase is obtained when a salt-bridge (N150D), polar aromatic interactions (V196F) or an additional Hbond (K300R) are introduced in the protein. Thermal unfolding of some of these mutants is illustrated in Figure 2. These additional electrostatic interactions ...
Folie 1 - uni
... • methods are available for efficient analysis of transcription patterns of multiple genes • because proteins ‘turn over’ at different rates, it is also necessary to measure proteins directly • the distribution of expressed protein levels is a kinetic balance between rates of protein synthesis and d ...
... • methods are available for efficient analysis of transcription patterns of multiple genes • because proteins ‘turn over’ at different rates, it is also necessary to measure proteins directly • the distribution of expressed protein levels is a kinetic balance between rates of protein synthesis and d ...
A Nascent Membrane Protein Is Located Adjacent to
... bilayer and is released into the lumen of the ER (Walter and Lingappa, 1986). In contrast, the nonpolar transmembrane segments of membrane proteins (also termed "stop-transfer" sequences; Blobel, 1980) do not pass through the bilayer, but are integrated into the membrane. The stop-transfer sequence ...
... bilayer and is released into the lumen of the ER (Walter and Lingappa, 1986). In contrast, the nonpolar transmembrane segments of membrane proteins (also termed "stop-transfer" sequences; Blobel, 1980) do not pass through the bilayer, but are integrated into the membrane. The stop-transfer sequence ...
Phosphorylation of Single Stranded RNA Virus Proteins and
... Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) vaccines have been well documented and have been used for human vaccinations. The flavivirus genome encodes three structural proteins (Capsid, Envelope, M protein) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1–5). Non-structural protein 5 (NS5), the largest of the flaviv ...
... Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) vaccines have been well documented and have been used for human vaccinations. The flavivirus genome encodes three structural proteins (Capsid, Envelope, M protein) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1–5). Non-structural protein 5 (NS5), the largest of the flaviv ...
Divalent Metal Ions in Plant Mitochondria and Their Role in
... (Stadtman, 1990). It has been proposed that MCO of proteins can be a highly specific event where proteins are more susceptible to damage if they bind metal ions and when the site of protein oxidation can be defined on the protein surface that binds to the metal ions (Stadtman, 1990). One of the majo ...
... (Stadtman, 1990). It has been proposed that MCO of proteins can be a highly specific event where proteins are more susceptible to damage if they bind metal ions and when the site of protein oxidation can be defined on the protein surface that binds to the metal ions (Stadtman, 1990). One of the majo ...
The GPI Transamidase Complex of Saccharomyces
... molecular masses of 50, 48, and 46 kDa (Benghezal et al., 1996).) After 4 h on glucose, the amount of Gpi8p is drastically reduced, and almost all Gpi8p is found within highmolecular-weight bands corresponding to apparent molecular masses of 430 – 650 kDa. The large smear observed in cells overexpre ...
... molecular masses of 50, 48, and 46 kDa (Benghezal et al., 1996).) After 4 h on glucose, the amount of Gpi8p is drastically reduced, and almost all Gpi8p is found within highmolecular-weight bands corresponding to apparent molecular masses of 430 – 650 kDa. The large smear observed in cells overexpre ...
Investigation of the interactions between MreB, the
... allosteric communication, also differs from GroEL. Furthermore, TRiC is larger than GroEL with a broader opening of the chaperonin chamber. (5) Despite these differences, TRiC and GroEL are in many ways similar. As mentioned in the introduction to this report, studies on actin by Villebeck et al. (5 ...
... allosteric communication, also differs from GroEL. Furthermore, TRiC is larger than GroEL with a broader opening of the chaperonin chamber. (5) Despite these differences, TRiC and GroEL are in many ways similar. As mentioned in the introduction to this report, studies on actin by Villebeck et al. (5 ...
Know Your Feed Terms - Alberta Agriculture and Forestry
... ADIN occurs naturally in all plant material, it is usually considered to be an indicator of heat damage that can occur during storage or processing. Excessive heating of forages and grains causes some of the nitrogen to become irreversibly bound in the fibre. Nitrogen in excessively heated samples i ...
... ADIN occurs naturally in all plant material, it is usually considered to be an indicator of heat damage that can occur during storage or processing. Excessive heating of forages and grains causes some of the nitrogen to become irreversibly bound in the fibre. Nitrogen in excessively heated samples i ...
Molecular Imprinting of Maltose Binding Protein
... for 3 h. After polymerization, the mica was removed from the surface of the polymer film on the glass slide by soaking in 10 mM Tris buffer solution pH 7 for 1.5 h. The buffer solution was analyzed by UVvis spectroscopy to verify that no protein was removed from the polymer during mica separation. The ...
... for 3 h. After polymerization, the mica was removed from the surface of the polymer film on the glass slide by soaking in 10 mM Tris buffer solution pH 7 for 1.5 h. The buffer solution was analyzed by UVvis spectroscopy to verify that no protein was removed from the polymer during mica separation. The ...
Protein Folding at the Exit Tunnel
... typically applies only to very small (<60 residues) proteins. In experimental studies, singleexponential kinetics is often observed. It is important to keep in mind that single-exponential folding is fully compatible with the concept of parallel folding pathways and it does not necessarily imply a t ...
... typically applies only to very small (<60 residues) proteins. In experimental studies, singleexponential kinetics is often observed. It is important to keep in mind that single-exponential folding is fully compatible with the concept of parallel folding pathways and it does not necessarily imply a t ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).