Lecture 6
... 1. transduction - conversion of one form of energy to another 2. action potentials reach brain from sensors - sensory (afferent) pathways 3. interpretation (meaning) ...
... 1. transduction - conversion of one form of energy to another 2. action potentials reach brain from sensors - sensory (afferent) pathways 3. interpretation (meaning) ...
Molecular Characterization of Two Arabidopsis Ire1 Homologs
... 1992). D’Amico et al. (1992) showed that treatment of bean (Phaesoleus vulgaris) cotyledons with tunicamycin not only induces BiP, but that BiP can be coimmunoprecipitated with the newly synthesized (unglycosylated and presumably malfolded) polypeptides present in the ER. More recent evidence sugges ...
... 1992). D’Amico et al. (1992) showed that treatment of bean (Phaesoleus vulgaris) cotyledons with tunicamycin not only induces BiP, but that BiP can be coimmunoprecipitated with the newly synthesized (unglycosylated and presumably malfolded) polypeptides present in the ER. More recent evidence sugges ...
Data Supplement
... and assayed for TGF-ß1 and NOx. Total and active levels of TGF-ß1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (TGF-ß1 Emax TM ImmunoAssay System, Promega Inc., Madison, WI), as performed previously. 3-5 Production of nitrite and nitrate was quantified in standard fashion using nitrate reductase and ...
... and assayed for TGF-ß1 and NOx. Total and active levels of TGF-ß1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (TGF-ß1 Emax TM ImmunoAssay System, Promega Inc., Madison, WI), as performed previously. 3-5 Production of nitrite and nitrate was quantified in standard fashion using nitrate reductase and ...
Translational Initiation in Eukaryotes
... eIF4G – helps recruit 40S subunit to mRNA; can interact with eIF4E, eIF4A, eIF3, and poly-A binding protein (Pab1); may be responsible for the synergistic effect of Cap and polyA-tail on translation. ...
... eIF4G – helps recruit 40S subunit to mRNA; can interact with eIF4E, eIF4A, eIF3, and poly-A binding protein (Pab1); may be responsible for the synergistic effect of Cap and polyA-tail on translation. ...
Discovery of a novel ligand that modulates the
... Fig. 1 Identification of small molecules targeting reptin using an in silico screening programme. (a) Structure of hit compound 1 was identified through a reptin–AGR2 peptide interaction assay of the top 30 hits from the in silico screen (see Fig. S1 and S2†) and Liddean, the most active analog obtain ...
... Fig. 1 Identification of small molecules targeting reptin using an in silico screening programme. (a) Structure of hit compound 1 was identified through a reptin–AGR2 peptide interaction assay of the top 30 hits from the in silico screen (see Fig. S1 and S2†) and Liddean, the most active analog obtain ...
Bis2A 09.0 Membranes: Components and Structure
... Among the most sophisticated functions of the plasma membrane is the ability to transmit signals by means of complex, integral proteins known as receptors. These proteins act both as receivers of extracellular inputs and as activators of intracellular processes. These membrane receptors provide extr ...
... Among the most sophisticated functions of the plasma membrane is the ability to transmit signals by means of complex, integral proteins known as receptors. These proteins act both as receivers of extracellular inputs and as activators of intracellular processes. These membrane receptors provide extr ...
as a PDF
... respond to subsequent signals. Equally important as PTKs, then, are the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that subserve this function. Similar to PTKs, the importance of these enzymes is reflected in their diversity. PTPs can be grouped into two structurally distinct groups: receptor-like protein ...
... respond to subsequent signals. Equally important as PTKs, then, are the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that subserve this function. Similar to PTKs, the importance of these enzymes is reflected in their diversity. PTPs can be grouped into two structurally distinct groups: receptor-like protein ...
cell biology and membrane biochemistry
... organelle from its environment. This barrier is essential for the cell/organelle to sustain life and maintain its identity. Biological membranes are not just inert barriers but are dynamic, semi permeable and have a number of biochemical and physiological functions. There are two types of biological ...
... organelle from its environment. This barrier is essential for the cell/organelle to sustain life and maintain its identity. Biological membranes are not just inert barriers but are dynamic, semi permeable and have a number of biochemical and physiological functions. There are two types of biological ...
Identification of a1-Adrenergic Receptors and Their Involvement in
... a1-Adrenergic receptors belong to the larger family of Gq/11-protein-coupled receptors that initiate signals by activating phospholipase Cdependent hydrolysis of membrane phosphoinositides, thus leading to production of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and diacylglycerol. The former regulates intracellular Ca2þ movemen ...
... a1-Adrenergic receptors belong to the larger family of Gq/11-protein-coupled receptors that initiate signals by activating phospholipase Cdependent hydrolysis of membrane phosphoinositides, thus leading to production of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and diacylglycerol. The former regulates intracellular Ca2þ movemen ...
Leukaemia Section del(11)(q23q23) MLL/CBL t(11;11)(q23;q23) MLL/CBL Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... repression domains RD1 and RD2: RD1 or CXXC: cystein methyl transferase, binds CpG rich DNA, has a transcriptional repression activity; RD2 recruits histone desacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2; 3 plant homeodomains (cystein rich zinc finger domains, with homodimerization properties), 1 bromodomain (may bi ...
... repression domains RD1 and RD2: RD1 or CXXC: cystein methyl transferase, binds CpG rich DNA, has a transcriptional repression activity; RD2 recruits histone desacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2; 3 plant homeodomains (cystein rich zinc finger domains, with homodimerization properties), 1 bromodomain (may bi ...
A mutation which disrupts the hydrophobic core of the signal peptide
... reticulum (ER) membrane by a single hydrophobic helix located near the carboxyl terminus of the protein. A short carboxyl terminal stretch of amino acids is thought to be exposed to the cytoplasm. The bulk of the protein, including the active site, is thought to be oriented towards the lumen of the ...
... reticulum (ER) membrane by a single hydrophobic helix located near the carboxyl terminus of the protein. A short carboxyl terminal stretch of amino acids is thought to be exposed to the cytoplasm. The bulk of the protein, including the active site, is thought to be oriented towards the lumen of the ...
Proteins: Fundamental Chemical Properties
... identifying the N-terminal and C-terminal residues. The Nterminal residue can be identified by several chemical techniques based on specific labelling with a compound, such as 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene or dansyl chloride or cyanate, with which it forms a stable covalent link. Similarly, the C-termina ...
... identifying the N-terminal and C-terminal residues. The Nterminal residue can be identified by several chemical techniques based on specific labelling with a compound, such as 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene or dansyl chloride or cyanate, with which it forms a stable covalent link. Similarly, the C-termina ...
Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC)
... of the two interactors that can be added as a third element. Moreover a protein known not to interact with the one or other interactor can be used for complementation. If this is not available, a simple control can always be conducted by combining one fusion interactor with the corresponding free Bi ...
... of the two interactors that can be added as a third element. Moreover a protein known not to interact with the one or other interactor can be used for complementation. If this is not available, a simple control can always be conducted by combining one fusion interactor with the corresponding free Bi ...
ROR2 Antibody
... receptor 2), also known as neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor-related 2 (NTRKR2), is a single pass transmembrane tyrosine-protein kinase receptor. It contains a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain, distally located serine-threonine-rich domains, an extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, a cyste ...
... receptor 2), also known as neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor-related 2 (NTRKR2), is a single pass transmembrane tyrosine-protein kinase receptor. It contains a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain, distally located serine-threonine-rich domains, an extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, a cyste ...
Functional Characterization of Two Human Olfactory Receptors
... this issue. Due to limitations in heterologous expression, very few mammal ORs have been characterized, and so far only one is from human origin. Consequently, OR function still remains poorly understood, especially in humans, whose genome encodes a restricted chemosensory repertoire compared with m ...
... this issue. Due to limitations in heterologous expression, very few mammal ORs have been characterized, and so far only one is from human origin. Consequently, OR function still remains poorly understood, especially in humans, whose genome encodes a restricted chemosensory repertoire compared with m ...
Comparative proteomics reveal characteristics of life
... spectrum count where the spectra that are identified for any given protein in one sample are counted and this value is compared to the value obtained for the same protein in another sample [31-35]. Thus, every quantified protein was identified several times leading to a high reliability of identific ...
... spectrum count where the spectra that are identified for any given protein in one sample are counted and this value is compared to the value obtained for the same protein in another sample [31-35]. Thus, every quantified protein was identified several times leading to a high reliability of identific ...
Chapter 3 Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins
... • In addition to AAs, many proteins contain permenantly associated chemical groups called prosthetic groups • These groups are often involved in the catalytic activity of enzymes or in structural maintainence • Conjugated proteins are classified on the basis of the attached prosthetic group. • Prote ...
... • In addition to AAs, many proteins contain permenantly associated chemical groups called prosthetic groups • These groups are often involved in the catalytic activity of enzymes or in structural maintainence • Conjugated proteins are classified on the basis of the attached prosthetic group. • Prote ...
Investigation of the starch-binding properties of wheat friabilin
... Starch binding properties of the expressed proteins were tested on three different types of starch purified from wheat cultivars Riband (soft), Mercia (hard) and Martondur (durum). Friabilin extracted from wheat flour was reported to bind to starch granules purified from soft wheat cultivar Riband and ...
... Starch binding properties of the expressed proteins were tested on three different types of starch purified from wheat cultivars Riband (soft), Mercia (hard) and Martondur (durum). Friabilin extracted from wheat flour was reported to bind to starch granules purified from soft wheat cultivar Riband and ...
Structural genomics of proteins from conserved biochemical
... GHMP kinase superfamily members identified 19 30% sequence identity clusters, from which 17 new structure determination targets were selected. To date, three of these targets have been examined by X-ray crystallography, one by the NYSGRC (PMK) [70•] and two (MK, vide infra) by independent laboratori ...
... GHMP kinase superfamily members identified 19 30% sequence identity clusters, from which 17 new structure determination targets were selected. To date, three of these targets have been examined by X-ray crystallography, one by the NYSGRC (PMK) [70•] and two (MK, vide infra) by independent laboratori ...
Teaching old NCATs new tricks: using non
... applied to study global protein synthesis in specific subcellular compartments, such as dendrites and axonal growth cones. In the first demonstration of FUNCAT in neurons, Dieterich et al. showed that while perfusing the cell body of a dissociated hippocampal neuron with the protein synthesis inhibi ...
... applied to study global protein synthesis in specific subcellular compartments, such as dendrites and axonal growth cones. In the first demonstration of FUNCAT in neurons, Dieterich et al. showed that while perfusing the cell body of a dissociated hippocampal neuron with the protein synthesis inhibi ...
Interaction of cycloheximide with 25S ribosomal RNA from yeast
... ribosomes from the yeast SZEFZromyces cerevisiae are inhibited by cycloheximide. This yeast possesses a ribosomal protein L41 that has a different primary structure from that of its counterpart in K. lact i s . The above observations suggest that the ribosomal domain that is, in S.cerevisiae, involv ...
... ribosomes from the yeast SZEFZromyces cerevisiae are inhibited by cycloheximide. This yeast possesses a ribosomal protein L41 that has a different primary structure from that of its counterpart in K. lact i s . The above observations suggest that the ribosomal domain that is, in S.cerevisiae, involv ...
Structural Basis for Type VI Secretion Effector Recognition
... Citation: Li M, Le Trong I, Carl MA, Larson ET, Chou S, et al. (2012) Structural Basis for Type VI Secretion Effector Recognition by a Cognate Immunity Protein. PLoS ...
... Citation: Li M, Le Trong I, Carl MA, Larson ET, Chou S, et al. (2012) Structural Basis for Type VI Secretion Effector Recognition by a Cognate Immunity Protein. PLoS ...
Isolation of a New Member of the $100 Protein Family: Amino Acid
... with moderate affinity, and exposure of a hydrophobic site upon Ca+÷-saturation. Antibodies to brain S100 proteins, however, do not cross react with S100L. Tryptic peptides derived from S100L were sequenced revealing similarity to other members of the S100 family. Oligonucleotide probes based on the ...
... with moderate affinity, and exposure of a hydrophobic site upon Ca+÷-saturation. Antibodies to brain S100 proteins, however, do not cross react with S100L. Tryptic peptides derived from S100L were sequenced revealing similarity to other members of the S100 family. Oligonucleotide probes based on the ...
Membrane Structure and Function
... ___________________________________ (a) A contractile vacuole fills with fluid that enters from a system of canals radiating throughout the cytoplasm. ...
... ___________________________________ (a) A contractile vacuole fills with fluid that enters from a system of canals radiating throughout the cytoplasm. ...
Structure of the Coat Protein-binding Domain of
... which mainly helical segments are connected by turns and random coil with no buried, hydrophobic core best explains the available biophysical analyses and secondary structure predictions (Tuma et al., 1996). In solution, at physiological concentrations, scaffolding protein exists in monomer-dimer-te ...
... which mainly helical segments are connected by turns and random coil with no buried, hydrophobic core best explains the available biophysical analyses and secondary structure predictions (Tuma et al., 1996). In solution, at physiological concentrations, scaffolding protein exists in monomer-dimer-te ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).