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Statement on Educational Backgrounds of Marine
Statement on Educational Backgrounds of Marine

... The fundamental concepts of Oceanography have been divided into four groups that, taken together, apply to or cover all of the major processes within the oceans. Not surprisingly, the four groups are aligned with four major academic sciences: physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. Physical oceano ...
Bathymetric Maps
Bathymetric Maps

... • Large pieces of Earth’s lithosphere move about like rafts on a river • These “rafts” are called lithospheric plates • Two types of lithosphere: – Oceanic lithosphere (younger, more dense) – Continental lithosphere (MUCH older) ...
FacultyBackgrounds - USF College of Marine Science
FacultyBackgrounds - USF College of Marine Science

... The fundamental concepts of Oceanography have been divided into four groups that, taken together, apply to or cover all of the major processes within the oceans. Not surprisingly, the four groups are aligned with four major academic sciences: physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. Physical oceano ...
Rocks - I Teach Bio
Rocks - I Teach Bio

... Wind and water break down the earth Bits of earth settle in lakes and rivers Layers are formed and build up Pressure and time turn the layers to rock ...
Volcanos - High View School
Volcanos - High View School

... rock. When there is no crack or fault in the crust, the magma may push right through a weak part in the crust and a volcanic eruption occurs. Molton rock may pour out, or a cloud of larva, rock and ash may violently shoot up into the air with all the pressure. Larva is orange or red in colour and is ...
Sea-Floor Spreading
Sea-Floor Spreading

... Scientists used a submarine by the name of Alvin to take a look at mid-ocean ridges. They discovered rocks that looked like pillows or toothpaste squeezed from a tube. Rocks shaped like this only form when molten material hardens quickly under the water, so this proved that molten material had er ...
file: RE Lab Plate Tect Maps v2
file: RE Lab Plate Tect Maps v2

... familiar maps we look at every day. Many of these topographic features can be explained as a result of present-day plate motions, but the origin of some features are still obscure or poorly understood. The following questions and exercises are intended to encourage and guide your exploration of Eart ...
Building Features on Eearth`s Surface
Building Features on Eearth`s Surface

... the investigation, you saw how a lot of this sediment is scraped off and added to the edge of the other plate. This material, which is deformed into very complicated structures, is turned into rock by heat and pressure. It becomes a solid part of the other plate. When material is added to the edge o ...
EARTH SYSTEMS SCIENCE LECTURE TEST # 2
EARTH SYSTEMS SCIENCE LECTURE TEST # 2

... 16. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a ? plate boundary. A.divergent B.oceanic-oceanic convergent C.oceanic-continental convergent D.continental-continental convergent E.transform 17. The study of fossil plants is A.invertebrate paleontology B.paleozoology C.micropaleontology D.paleoecology E ...
Planetary Geology - Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
Planetary Geology - Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research

... we would expect the solar system planetary bodies to be very similar in composition and structure. But they are not. For a start we have the inner planets (terrestrial) and the outer planets (Jovian). This was probably due to two main factors, both linked to the ...
How does thermal energy move around in the Earth?
How does thermal energy move around in the Earth?

... a. Instruct students to click on the Map Layers tab in the toolbox menu. They will turn-off the Surface Heat Flow layer and activate the Age of the Ocean Floor layer by clicking on the check boxes. b. Students should click the Map Legend tab in the toolbox menu to view the map legend. The color indi ...
10.2 Intrusive Igneous Activity
10.2 Intrusive Igneous Activity

... ...
Intrusive Igneous
Intrusive Igneous

... d. pyroclastic volcanoes ...
2-1 Classroom Investigations, 5th Grade
2-1 Classroom Investigations, 5th Grade

... 3. Erosion – movement of rocks and rock particles by streams, wave action, or glaciers. Most eroded rock particles are at least partially weathered, but rock can be eroded before it has weathered at all. The Earth’s surface is constantly changing. Some changes happen very slowly over long periods of ...
TOPICS: Earthquakes Plate Movement and Boundaries Landforms
TOPICS: Earthquakes Plate Movement and Boundaries Landforms

... age of oceanic crust, magnetic signatures) that explain seafloor spreading. KEY VOCAB: seafloor spreading, magnetic signatures, magnetic field reversal, midocean ridge, temperature of oceanic crust, age of oceanic crust ...
Sample Unit of Study - New York Science Teacher
Sample Unit of Study - New York Science Teacher

... 1. A unit test consisting of 25-35 multiple Regent’s style choice questions and 3-5 extended concept questions. 2. 3 laboratory activities. 1 each exploring the processes of weathering, erosion and deposition. Key knowledge and skills gained: Students will be able to: 1. Explain that weathering is t ...
Its report about Plate-Tectonics Report made by: Robbert van
Its report about Plate-Tectonics Report made by: Robbert van

... The outermost part of the earth’s interior is made up of two layers: above is the lithosphere, and below the astenosphere. The lithosphere consist of plates wich move: Plate tectonics. Plate tectonics is a theory of geology that has been developed to explain the observed evidence for a large scale m ...
Topic 11
Topic 11

... - inorganic: not derived from living organisms - minerals have chemical and physical properties which are used to identify them Most minerals form through crystallization -- the growth of crystals -- either from evaporating sea water or cooling magma - if cooling / evaporation is slow, crystals will ...
Real Time Weather Forecasting
Real Time Weather Forecasting

...  Houses destroyed: 3,48,000  Houses damaged: 8,44,000 The State Department estimates that the earthquake affected, directly or indirectly, 15.9 million people out of a total population of 37.8 million. More than 20,000 cattle were reported killed. Government estimates place direct economic losses ...
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth

... Earth’s major plates • Plates move relative to each other at a very slow but continuous rate – Average about 5 centimeters (2 inches) per year – Cooler, denser slabs of oceanic lithosphere descend into the mantle – Motion defined by rotation around a pole ...
Plate Tectonic Theory
Plate Tectonic Theory

... The magma which pushes up at the mid-ocean ridge provides the new land pushing the plates, and the subduction zones gobble up the land on the the other side of the plates. ...
The Earth expans - History of Geo
The Earth expans - History of Geo

... Earth would have expanded only about 100 km since the Triassic in slow expansion models, the effects of a changing surface gravity during that interval would be extremely difficult to detect. Weijermars (1986) also highlighted the continuing ability of slow expansion to explain the bimodal distribut ...
Lecture 7 Plates and Plumes September 27th
Lecture 7 Plates and Plumes September 27th

... What is the evidence? ƒ Basaltic lavas erupted at hot spots are chemically different from those erupted at ocean ridges or subduction zones. ƒ By definition, hot spots are regions with very high rates of volcanic activity. ƒ In some cases (but not all) the volcanoes get progressively older away from ...
Layers of the Earth Lab Activity Instructions Purp
Layers of the Earth Lab Activity Instructions Purp

... the bottom of the outer core to the center of Earth, which is about 6,380 km beneath the Earth’s surface. a. If you do not have a large enough compass or string place a series of dots around the outer edge of the inner core b. Connect the dots to form a circle around inner core. c. Label the inside ...
Continental Drift
Continental Drift

... How do we know that subduction occurs at convergent plate boundaries? • Characteristics of subduction zones: • Deep-sea trenches mark the plate boundary. • Plate collision causes compressional stress, and related folding, faulting, and earthquakes. • Deep earthquakes occur within the subducted plat ...
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Geophysics



Geophysics /dʒiːoʊfɪzɪks/ is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term geophysics sometimes refers only to the geological applications: Earth's shape; its gravitational and magnetic fields; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation. However, modern geophysics organizations use a broader definition that includes the water cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial relations; and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets.Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins go back to ancient times. The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 BC. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics.Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. Geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation.
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