![Conductive atomic force microscope for investigation of thin-film gate insulators G. WIELGOSZEWSKI](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008447856_1-1c2284421acf22ac5ea88fb631ea679c-300x300.png)
Conductive atomic force microscope for investigation of thin-film gate insulators G. WIELGOSZEWSKI
... Abstract. In modern microelectronics progress has been made towards low power ultra large-scale integration (ULSI), and nano-structure devices such as single electron transistors and quantum dots. In this technology application of new materials, which includes high-κ dielectrics for the MOSFET trans ...
... Abstract. In modern microelectronics progress has been made towards low power ultra large-scale integration (ULSI), and nano-structure devices such as single electron transistors and quantum dots. In this technology application of new materials, which includes high-κ dielectrics for the MOSFET trans ...
Light-matter interplay for optical metrology beyond
... The finite spatial resolution of optical systems represents a major obstacle for optical metrology in the nanoworld. Scaling down the wavelength towards the soft x-ray range can partly compensate this limit, but without providing the richness and diversity of information offered by optical measureme ...
... The finite spatial resolution of optical systems represents a major obstacle for optical metrology in the nanoworld. Scaling down the wavelength towards the soft x-ray range can partly compensate this limit, but without providing the richness and diversity of information offered by optical measureme ...
Wollaston and Nomarski Prisms
... prisms are composed of two precisely ground and polished wedge-shaped slabs produced from high-grade optical quartz, a uniaxial birefringent crystal. Two quartz wedges having perpendicular orientations of the optical axis must be fabricated to produce a single Wollaston (or Nomarski) prism. The wedg ...
... prisms are composed of two precisely ground and polished wedge-shaped slabs produced from high-grade optical quartz, a uniaxial birefringent crystal. Two quartz wedges having perpendicular orientations of the optical axis must be fabricated to produce a single Wollaston (or Nomarski) prism. The wedg ...
a) Given the transfer function of a detector (below), label and
... 8. You have laser scanning microscope equipped with a 20x dry objective (NA=0.55), a 40x dry objective (NA = 0.8), a 60x dry objective (NA = 0.95) and a 60x water immersion objective (f# = 0.74). The system has a 380 nm continuous laser source with 400mW power, a 490 nm continuous laser source with ...
... 8. You have laser scanning microscope equipped with a 20x dry objective (NA=0.55), a 40x dry objective (NA = 0.8), a 60x dry objective (NA = 0.95) and a 60x water immersion objective (f# = 0.74). The system has a 380 nm continuous laser source with 400mW power, a 490 nm continuous laser source with ...
Microscopes
... Fluorescent Microscopy • One of the most prevalent techniques • Allows (requires) a probe specific to molecule of interest • BUT: you are visualizing the probe, not the object of study – This is even true of GFP-labeled proteins the GFP moiety is often considerably smaller than the protein ...
... Fluorescent Microscopy • One of the most prevalent techniques • Allows (requires) a probe specific to molecule of interest • BUT: you are visualizing the probe, not the object of study – This is even true of GFP-labeled proteins the GFP moiety is often considerably smaller than the protein ...
CP1: Investigation into the Feasibility of a Three Axis
... combining of electromagnetic waves in order to obtain information from those waves. It uses the principle of superposition: that the amplitudes of electromagnetic waves add vectorially when interfered. The relative phase of the combined waves dictates whether this superposition leads to constructive ...
... combining of electromagnetic waves in order to obtain information from those waves. It uses the principle of superposition: that the amplitudes of electromagnetic waves add vectorially when interfered. The relative phase of the combined waves dictates whether this superposition leads to constructive ...
Experimental proposal for electromagnetically
... The leftmost one is what we call a single crystal, that is, it is highly perfect which gives rise to its transparency. The center one is composed of numerous and very small interconnected single crystals that the boundaries between these small crystals scatter a portion of the light reflected from t ...
... The leftmost one is what we call a single crystal, that is, it is highly perfect which gives rise to its transparency. The center one is composed of numerous and very small interconnected single crystals that the boundaries between these small crystals scatter a portion of the light reflected from t ...
PROOF COPY 069543APL
... variation range of ⌬2. These results emphasize the fact that the correlation peak of Fig. 3 is due to the interferences between the wave fronts emitted by the luminescent sample. The displacement of FL along the optical axis induces not only a variation of ⌬1, but also modifies the shape of the corr ...
... variation range of ⌬2. These results emphasize the fact that the correlation peak of Fig. 3 is due to the interferences between the wave fronts emitted by the luminescent sample. The displacement of FL along the optical axis induces not only a variation of ⌬1, but also modifies the shape of the corr ...
Light Sources
... You can think of the aperture as truncating these diffracted orders at some small number. • The value of sin a for an optical system is the numerical aperture, or NA. If the value of the NA is small for a system, fewer orders will be imaged, and the ...
... You can think of the aperture as truncating these diffracted orders at some small number. • The value of sin a for an optical system is the numerical aperture, or NA. If the value of the NA is small for a system, fewer orders will be imaged, and the ...
Instrumental Methods of Analysis
... Electron diffraction X-ray diffraction Mass spectroscopy UV-Visible and IR spectroscopy,etc ...
... Electron diffraction X-ray diffraction Mass spectroscopy UV-Visible and IR spectroscopy,etc ...
Lecture 25: Optical Instruments
... Resolution of Single-Slit and Circular Apertures Resolution of single-slit aperture The ability of an optical system such as the eye, a microscope, or a telescope to distinguish between closely spaced objects is limited because of wave nature of light. - Light from two independent sources which a ...
... Resolution of Single-Slit and Circular Apertures Resolution of single-slit aperture The ability of an optical system such as the eye, a microscope, or a telescope to distinguish between closely spaced objects is limited because of wave nature of light. - Light from two independent sources which a ...
1 Light Microscopy
... is connected with a high numerical aperture. The ability to distinguish two close points as distinct points is called Resolving power or Limit of resolution Limit of resolution of light microscope Lm = 0.16 / NA Limit of resolution of unaided human eye is 100 micrometer Limit of resolution of optica ...
... is connected with a high numerical aperture. The ability to distinguish two close points as distinct points is called Resolving power or Limit of resolution Limit of resolution of light microscope Lm = 0.16 / NA Limit of resolution of unaided human eye is 100 micrometer Limit of resolution of optica ...
Demonstrating the style for the Journal of Physics
... wavelength of a tuneable laser is scanned over a given spectral range. The intensity signal recorded along the temporal axis is then Fourier transformed to extract: a) the structure of the object from the spectral magnitude, and b) through-the-thickness displacement fields from measurements of phase ...
... wavelength of a tuneable laser is scanned over a given spectral range. The intensity signal recorded along the temporal axis is then Fourier transformed to extract: a) the structure of the object from the spectral magnitude, and b) through-the-thickness displacement fields from measurements of phase ...
Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Microscopy - Spectra
... Although photobleaching can be minimized by changing the experimental conditions accordingly, signal degradation after imaging is always present to a certain extent. Since fluorescence induced by two-photon absorption is threedimensionally confined, the effect of photobleaching in TPM is also spatia ...
... Although photobleaching can be minimized by changing the experimental conditions accordingly, signal degradation after imaging is always present to a certain extent. Since fluorescence induced by two-photon absorption is threedimensionally confined, the effect of photobleaching in TPM is also spatia ...
Chapter-2 - Shodhganga
... surface of the target. The effective source-beam width of this arrangement is less than 1/10 mm. The actual angular aperture of the beam is determined by the width of a divergence slit. The length of specimen irradiated by the beam through a given slit increase with decreasing angle of incidence. Th ...
... surface of the target. The effective source-beam width of this arrangement is less than 1/10 mm. The actual angular aperture of the beam is determined by the width of a divergence slit. The length of specimen irradiated by the beam through a given slit increase with decreasing angle of incidence. Th ...
The Title Goes Here
... Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a wellknown technique for rapid, in situ analysis of materials. It is a promising approach for standoff detection of potentially hazardous or difficult to access nuclear materials. LIBS employs an intense laser pulse to generate a plasma on the surface of a ta ...
... Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a wellknown technique for rapid, in situ analysis of materials. It is a promising approach for standoff detection of potentially hazardous or difficult to access nuclear materials. LIBS employs an intense laser pulse to generate a plasma on the surface of a ta ...
CMU3 - Fast and Simple High-Resolution Optical Spectrum Analyzer
... where the optical bandwidth is transformed into the electrical domain by the beating between the signal and a phase delayed copy of it. In this case the transformed signal can be measured by a PIN photodiode and a radio frequency spectrum analyzer. In [3] and [4] a new measurement method was describ ...
... where the optical bandwidth is transformed into the electrical domain by the beating between the signal and a phase delayed copy of it. In this case the transformed signal can be measured by a PIN photodiode and a radio frequency spectrum analyzer. In [3] and [4] a new measurement method was describ ...
Near-field optical micromanipulation
... • In this paper…1064 nm CW laser (4 W, IPG Yb doped fiber laser) ...
... • In this paper…1064 nm CW laser (4 W, IPG Yb doped fiber laser) ...
Basics in Confocal Microscopy Handouts
... Imaging e.g. CFP and YFP simultaneous is important for some biological applications. ...
... Imaging e.g. CFP and YFP simultaneous is important for some biological applications. ...
L05D - Clarkson University
... Other types of microscopy • For higher resolution need shorter wavelength than light: − X-Rays? Difficult to focus, but x-ray topography useful for dislocations − Transmitted electrons – wavelengths about 3 pm (0.003 nm) depending on energy • (Magnification up to ~1,000,000X) – Electron beam focuse ...
... Other types of microscopy • For higher resolution need shorter wavelength than light: − X-Rays? Difficult to focus, but x-ray topography useful for dislocations − Transmitted electrons – wavelengths about 3 pm (0.003 nm) depending on energy • (Magnification up to ~1,000,000X) – Electron beam focuse ...
Multiple wavelength diffractive imaging - X
... 500 mm into a semi-infinite gas cell !300 mm length" with a glass window at the entrance and a 200 "m pinhole at the exit. The pressure of argon gas in the cell is kept at 25 torr with continuous flow. The small exit pinhole is used to isolate the vacuum chamber from the argon gas-filled cell. The p ...
... 500 mm into a semi-infinite gas cell !300 mm length" with a glass window at the entrance and a 200 "m pinhole at the exit. The pressure of argon gas in the cell is kept at 25 torr with continuous flow. The small exit pinhole is used to isolate the vacuum chamber from the argon gas-filled cell. The p ...
Direct Imaging of Transient Interference in a Optical Microscopy
... NSOM is used to directly measure the evanescent field on the upper surface of the waveguide. The NSOM technique has been frequently used for optical waveguide characterization in light propagation properties, spatial modes profile, and guided modes interference [2]–[5]. NSOM measurements reported he ...
... NSOM is used to directly measure the evanescent field on the upper surface of the waveguide. The NSOM technique has been frequently used for optical waveguide characterization in light propagation properties, spatial modes profile, and guided modes interference [2]–[5]. NSOM measurements reported he ...
Optical Properties of Colloids
... specimen, so that organic materials are relatively electron-transparent, whereas materials containing heavy metal atoms make ideal specimens. To enhance contrast and obtain three-dimensional effects, the technique of shadow-casting is generally employed. A heavy metal, such as gold, is evaporated ...
... specimen, so that organic materials are relatively electron-transparent, whereas materials containing heavy metal atoms make ideal specimens. To enhance contrast and obtain three-dimensional effects, the technique of shadow-casting is generally employed. A heavy metal, such as gold, is evaporated ...
In situ high-resolution atomic force microscope imaging of biological
... the rod-shaped bacterium Lactobacillus helveticus prior to and after chemical treatment by LiCl. Images of bacteria prior to treatment indicate that a lateral resolution of 2 nm was achieved. This resolution can be explained by the presence of a microapex on the AFM tip. Resolution was diminished af ...
... the rod-shaped bacterium Lactobacillus helveticus prior to and after chemical treatment by LiCl. Images of bacteria prior to treatment indicate that a lateral resolution of 2 nm was achieved. This resolution can be explained by the presence of a microapex on the AFM tip. Resolution was diminished af ...
Medical Laboratory Instrumentation 2010-2011 Third Year
... • 1. The source must emit radiation over the entire wavelength range to be studied. • 2. The intensity of radiation over the entire wavelength range must be high enough • so that extensive amplification of the signal from the detector can be avoided. • 3. The intensity of the source should not vary ...
... • 1. The source must emit radiation over the entire wavelength range to be studied. • 2. The intensity of radiation over the entire wavelength range must be high enough • so that extensive amplification of the signal from the detector can be avoided. • 3. The intensity of the source should not vary ...