Interferometric lithography with an amplitude division interferometer and a desktop
... the beam splitter is a transmission diffraction grating. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the interferometer and a photograph of the experimental setup with the paths of the two beams indicated by dashed curves. The 1 and −1 orders of the grating, that for the 46.9 nm illumination are separated by 2.68°, ...
... the beam splitter is a transmission diffraction grating. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the interferometer and a photograph of the experimental setup with the paths of the two beams indicated by dashed curves. The 1 and −1 orders of the grating, that for the 46.9 nm illumination are separated by 2.68°, ...
Inorganic Physical Methods
... NMR, interference is generated during the relaxation of nuclear spins, which gives beats of frequency which can be Fourier Transformed to generate a spectrum. In IR, the interference is generated by recombination of beams that have travelled different distances, and the path difference is Fourier Tr ...
... NMR, interference is generated during the relaxation of nuclear spins, which gives beats of frequency which can be Fourier Transformed to generate a spectrum. In IR, the interference is generated by recombination of beams that have travelled different distances, and the path difference is Fourier Tr ...
The Optical Design of Miniaturized Microscope Objective for CARS
... In order to generate CARS signal, we have to use two laser pulses with frequencies of ωp for pump beam and ωs for Stokes beam. So to speak, CARS signal is generated efficiently in a collinear excitation geometry with tight focusing and without time delay between pump (ωp) and Stokes beam (ωs). If th ...
... In order to generate CARS signal, we have to use two laser pulses with frequencies of ωp for pump beam and ωs for Stokes beam. So to speak, CARS signal is generated efficiently in a collinear excitation geometry with tight focusing and without time delay between pump (ωp) and Stokes beam (ωs). If th ...
University of Groningen Unraveling structure and dynamics by
... The working principle of the confocal microscope is based on the introduction of a confocal aperture, generally an adjustable pinhole, in the conjugated image plan of a fluorescence microscope.[12] Figure 2.5 shows the scheme of the optical path in a modern confocal microscope in inverted configurat ...
... The working principle of the confocal microscope is based on the introduction of a confocal aperture, generally an adjustable pinhole, in the conjugated image plan of a fluorescence microscope.[12] Figure 2.5 shows the scheme of the optical path in a modern confocal microscope in inverted configurat ...
Using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for Chemical
... atom. Convergent beam electron diffraction provides information on crystal structure and crystallography. STEM provides the simultaneous acquisition of multiple different image and spectroscopy signals while scanning the electron probe across the specimen or pointing it directly onto different defec ...
... atom. Convergent beam electron diffraction provides information on crystal structure and crystallography. STEM provides the simultaneous acquisition of multiple different image and spectroscopy signals while scanning the electron probe across the specimen or pointing it directly onto different defec ...
CC_A3_C2_photo2_old
... • Replace the mercury vapor lamp an excimer laser source with shorter wavelength emission – ArF – 193 nM – Shorter wavelength than so-called “deep UV” peak of 248nM – F2 Laser – Low output but at 157nM ...
... • Replace the mercury vapor lamp an excimer laser source with shorter wavelength emission – ArF – 193 nM – Shorter wavelength than so-called “deep UV” peak of 248nM – F2 Laser – Low output but at 157nM ...
Monitoring Reactions by TLC The fastest and most commonly used
... component and ethyl acetate (EtOAc, bp 77-78 °C) as the polar component. The choice of solvents with similar boiling points assures that their ratio will not change dramatically over short periods of time due to differential evaporation. • For carboxylic acids that tend to "tail": Diethyl ether (2 m ...
... component and ethyl acetate (EtOAc, bp 77-78 °C) as the polar component. The choice of solvents with similar boiling points assures that their ratio will not change dramatically over short periods of time due to differential evaporation. • For carboxylic acids that tend to "tail": Diethyl ether (2 m ...
Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture
... Distributed optical sensors are based on one of the three Reflectometry methods: Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR), Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry (OLCR) and Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR). OTDR is often used in systems with long length and has low spatial resolution. OLCR ...
... Distributed optical sensors are based on one of the three Reflectometry methods: Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR), Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry (OLCR) and Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR). OTDR is often used in systems with long length and has low spatial resolution. OLCR ...
(full text)
... verify the presence or absence of a grating, but then inspected closely by scanning-electron microscopy 共SEM兲. The SEM was calibrated by using an image of a standard grating. Prior to SEM inspection, samples were coated by sputter deposition of ⬍5 nm of Au/ Pd. The scanningelectron microscope imagin ...
... verify the presence or absence of a grating, but then inspected closely by scanning-electron microscopy 共SEM兲. The SEM was calibrated by using an image of a standard grating. Prior to SEM inspection, samples were coated by sputter deposition of ⬍5 nm of Au/ Pd. The scanningelectron microscope imagin ...
Sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG)
... SFG has advantages in its ability to be monolayer surface sensitive, ability to be performed in situ (for example aqueous surfaces and in gases), and not causing much damage to the sample surface. SFG is comparable to second harmonic generation (SFG is a more general form) and Infrared and Raman ...
... SFG has advantages in its ability to be monolayer surface sensitive, ability to be performed in situ (for example aqueous surfaces and in gases), and not causing much damage to the sample surface. SFG is comparable to second harmonic generation (SFG is a more general form) and Infrared and Raman ...
Isolated hexaphenyl nanofibers as optical waveguides
... Quantitative understanding and improved control of the waveguiding properties require an analytical theory for optical waveguiding in nanometer-scaled aggregates. Motivated by the force microscopy images, we assume the nanofiber to have a rectangular cross section and to be an optically uniaxial med ...
... Quantitative understanding and improved control of the waveguiding properties require an analytical theory for optical waveguiding in nanometer-scaled aggregates. Motivated by the force microscopy images, we assume the nanofiber to have a rectangular cross section and to be an optically uniaxial med ...
738_1.pdf
... local environment and can provide information about material and physical properties on the scale of a few lattice spacings. This technique is widely used as a nondestructive and quantitative tool to analyze mechanical stress, crystallinity, composition, nanostructures, carrier concentration, and mo ...
... local environment and can provide information about material and physical properties on the scale of a few lattice spacings. This technique is widely used as a nondestructive and quantitative tool to analyze mechanical stress, crystallinity, composition, nanostructures, carrier concentration, and mo ...
Synchronized ti scattering microscopy
... GHz sinusoid is then amplified to drive the two EO phase modulators (2PMs, EOSPACE) that form the time-lens. The intensity modulator (MZ2) is driven by a 10-MHz square wave to modulate the optical pulses for lock-in detection of the SRS signal. MZ2 replaces the external free-space modulation used in ...
... GHz sinusoid is then amplified to drive the two EO phase modulators (2PMs, EOSPACE) that form the time-lens. The intensity modulator (MZ2) is driven by a 10-MHz square wave to modulate the optical pulses for lock-in detection of the SRS signal. MZ2 replaces the external free-space modulation used in ...
Document
... On the right the 2nd harmonic is collected, the background is suppressed and the near field signal is restricted to a 20nm distance from the surface. ...
... On the right the 2nd harmonic is collected, the background is suppressed and the near field signal is restricted to a 20nm distance from the surface. ...
7_SNOM
... On the right the 2nd harmonic is collected, the background is suppressed and the near field signal is restricted to a 20nm distance from the surface. ...
... On the right the 2nd harmonic is collected, the background is suppressed and the near field signal is restricted to a 20nm distance from the surface. ...
IQSE Banner News Page
... primary application of bb, but the same argument applies to moonlight, wide laser beams, and the lights that squid fishers use to attract squid to the surface. The direct measurement of bb in the ocean is difficult, because it requires measurement of the scattered light integrated over the 2π sterad ...
... primary application of bb, but the same argument applies to moonlight, wide laser beams, and the lights that squid fishers use to attract squid to the surface. The direct measurement of bb in the ocean is difficult, because it requires measurement of the scattered light integrated over the 2π sterad ...
1H-NMR and 13C-NMR Spectra - Royal Society of Chemistry
... The molecular ion peak of 3 was not observed in the field-ionization mass spectrum (FD-MS), only a strong peak appears at m/z 930.0, whose value is close to the molecular weight of tBu4PcInBr (931.69 g/mol). To make sure that this signal is not due to tBu4PcInBr, the FDMass spectrum of tBu4PcInBr wa ...
... The molecular ion peak of 3 was not observed in the field-ionization mass spectrum (FD-MS), only a strong peak appears at m/z 930.0, whose value is close to the molecular weight of tBu4PcInBr (931.69 g/mol). To make sure that this signal is not due to tBu4PcInBr, the FDMass spectrum of tBu4PcInBr wa ...
AOM2017 Abstract Template
... Abstract Abstracts submitted to the conference should be written in English, and should be no more than 2 pages, including figures, tables, references, etc. Please use this template to ensure compliance. ...
... Abstract Abstracts submitted to the conference should be written in English, and should be no more than 2 pages, including figures, tables, references, etc. Please use this template to ensure compliance. ...
Tomographic Interference Microscopy of Living Cells
... diaphragm plane of a microscope is used. This technique is suitable only for small samples. The size of sample must be smaller than the diameter of the beam waist near the focal plane of the objective. For large objects it is necessary to use the technique represented in Fig 1e. The original procedu ...
... diaphragm plane of a microscope is used. This technique is suitable only for small samples. The size of sample must be smaller than the diameter of the beam waist near the focal plane of the objective. For large objects it is necessary to use the technique represented in Fig 1e. The original procedu ...
Electromagnetic radiation
... level with transfer of energy from the radiation field to an absorber, atom, molecule, or solid. Emission: A transition from a higher level to a lower level with transfer of energy from the emitter to the radiation field. If no radiation is emitted, the transition from higher to lower energy levels ...
... level with transfer of energy from the radiation field to an absorber, atom, molecule, or solid. Emission: A transition from a higher level to a lower level with transfer of energy from the emitter to the radiation field. If no radiation is emitted, the transition from higher to lower energy levels ...
Document
... occurs so rapidly that the internuclear distance can't change much in the process. Vibrational transitions occur between different vibrational levels of the same electronic state. Rotational transitions occur mostly between rotational levels of the same vibrational state, although there are many ...
... occurs so rapidly that the internuclear distance can't change much in the process. Vibrational transitions occur between different vibrational levels of the same electronic state. Rotational transitions occur mostly between rotational levels of the same vibrational state, although there are many ...
Lithography In the Top
... • Light passing through the mask will be subject to diffraction. The numerical aperture of the lens used determines its capability to bring the diffracted pattern into a single point of focus. • NA = n sin θ where n = index of refraction of the media in which the lens is working (air) and θ is the a ...
... • Light passing through the mask will be subject to diffraction. The numerical aperture of the lens used determines its capability to bring the diffracted pattern into a single point of focus. • NA = n sin θ where n = index of refraction of the media in which the lens is working (air) and θ is the a ...
Raman spectroscopy: Watching a molecule breathe
... SECARS traces. Although being very specific to the time-resolved wave packet interference experiments, statistical analysis of the phase noise, as shown by Yampolsky et al., can also be used to distinguish the signal from one, two or many molecules with a reasonably high reliability, thus adding a f ...
... SECARS traces. Although being very specific to the time-resolved wave packet interference experiments, statistical analysis of the phase noise, as shown by Yampolsky et al., can also be used to distinguish the signal from one, two or many molecules with a reasonably high reliability, thus adding a f ...
NewPresentationii22
... • Overview of related Theory • Experimental Setup: – Laser System – Frequency/Phase Stabilization ...
... • Overview of related Theory • Experimental Setup: – Laser System – Frequency/Phase Stabilization ...
3D widefield light microscopy with better than 100 nm axial resolution
... dramatically improved resolution in the difficult axial direction (Gustafsson et al., 1995, 1996). Here we report the first biological images from this system and the experimental verification of the resolution gain. In the new mode we call ‘image interference microscopy’, I2M, a fluorescent sample ...
... dramatically improved resolution in the difficult axial direction (Gustafsson et al., 1995, 1996). Here we report the first biological images from this system and the experimental verification of the resolution gain. In the new mode we call ‘image interference microscopy’, I2M, a fluorescent sample ...