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Spherical aberration in spatial and temporal transforming lenses of
Spherical aberration in spatial and temporal transforming lenses of

On the conservation of fundamental optical quantities in non
On the conservation of fundamental optical quantities in non

Coherence scanning interferometry: linear theory of surface
Coherence scanning interferometry: linear theory of surface

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Principles of Electron Structure Research at Atomic Resolution

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Ray tracing yair

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Advanced Microscopy

Stimulated Brillouin scattering parasitics in large
Stimulated Brillouin scattering parasitics in large

... Stimulated Brillouin scattering" 2 (SBS) is an allowed nonlinear process in all media and has previously3 been associated with damage processes in mirrors and windows. Scaling of UV excimer lasers for kilojoule, short-pulse (10 nsec), narrow-band (<0.5 cm-') operation creates the potential for trans ...


... In recent years important progress has been made in the generation of ultrashort laser pulses. The maximum intensity is fundamental in many applications, therefore the measurement of these pulses is also fundamental. It is important that these measurements be performed with optical elements that do ...
Beam shaping based on intermediate zone diffraction of a micro
Beam shaping based on intermediate zone diffraction of a micro

... transversely well confined and nearly uniform in propagation direction. But for small slits, far field diffraction is far away from the maxima near slit, thus it is highly attenuated. Note that, although the above analysis is based on the wavelength of 600 nm, the results can be scaled with the wave ...
1 Thin Lenses and Thin Lens Combinations
1 Thin Lenses and Thin Lens Combinations

... focal point, an input ray through the center of the lens emerges at the same angle, and an input ray that passes through the front focal point emerges parallel to the optical axis. ...
lens shape - CVI Laser Optics
lens shape - CVI Laser Optics

Basic Polarization Techniques and Devices
Basic Polarization Techniques and Devices

... This application note briefly describes polarized light, retardation and a few of the tools used to manipulate the polarization state of light. Also included are descriptions of basic component combinations that provide common light manipulation tools such as optical isolators, light attenuators, po ...
Geometric limits to geometric optical imaging with infinite, planar
Geometric limits to geometric optical imaging with infinite, planar

... and (P2 , P20 ), from an object position to a corresponding image position. This can be used to define a third object-image pair, which we call (P3 , P30 ). It is relatively straightforward to show that the mapping defined by one of the original object-image pairs, say (P1 , P10 ), and the new objec ...
Waves Revision
Waves Revision

... Each of these types travels at the same speed through a vacuum and can be polarised. Different wavelengths are absorbed by different surfaces (e.g. infra red is absorbed very well by black surfaces). This absorption may heat the material up (like infra red and microwaves) or cause an alternating cur ...
Experimental observation of the far field diffraction patterns of
Experimental observation of the far field diffraction patterns of

... In this work, we report the observation of SPM from convergent and divergent Gaussian beams due to their propagation in a thin self-defocusing media. Using this approach it has been possible to accurately predict the generated patterns observed in experiments due to the interaction of a convergent o ...
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plane-polarized

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f o = central frequency θ = angle γ = sigma in direction of

... • However it is only in biology where we find systems that can handle unconstrained, diverse vision problems. • How can a biological or machine system which just captures two dimensional visual information from a view of a cluttered field even attempt to reason with and function in the environment? ...
Introduction to Nonlinear Optics
Introduction to Nonlinear Optics

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3D differential interference contrast microscopy using synthetic
3D differential interference contrast microscopy using synthetic

... Abstract. We implement differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy using high-speed synthetic aperture imaging that expands the passband of coherent imaging by a factor of 2.2. For an aperture synthesized coherent image, we apply for the numerical post-processing and obtain a high-contrast D ...
Part 3 - MZA Associates Corporation
Part 3 - MZA Associates Corporation

... approximating a specified plane wave or a spherical wave, called its reference wave. Each wave has an associated scalar field u=Aeif, represented by a rectangular complex mesh spanning the transverse extent of the wave. The complex phase at each mesh point represents a phase difference, relative to ...
The Role of Electric Polarization in Nonlinear optics
The Role of Electric Polarization in Nonlinear optics

Universal Description of Spherical Aberration Free Lenses
Universal Description of Spherical Aberration Free Lenses

... Aspherical lenses are uncommon because they are difficult to manufacture. The requirement of λ/4 to λ/10 surface roughness for good optics is quite difficult to achieve in the visible range for non spherical surfaces. However, this requirement is automatically satisfied for surfaces on the composite ...
UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA
UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA

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Fourier optics

Fourier optics is the study of classical optics using Fourier transforms, in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of plane waves that are not related to any identifiable sources; instead they are the natural modes of the propagation medium itself. Fourier optics can be seen as the dual of the Huygens–Fresnel principle, in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of expanding spherical waves which radiate outward from actual (physically identifiable) current sources via a Green's function relationship (see Double-slit experiment)A curved phasefront may be synthesized from an infinite number of these ""natural modes"" i.e., from plane wave phasefronts oriented in different directions in space. Far from its sources, an expanding spherical wave is locally tangent to a planar phase front (a single plane wave out of the infinite spectrum), which is transverse to the radial direction of propagation. In this case, a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is created, which emanates from a single spherical wave phase center. In the near field, no single well-defined spherical wave phase center exists, so the wavefront isn't locally tangent to a spherical ball. In this case, a Fresnel diffraction pattern would be created, which emanates from an extended source, consisting of a distribution of (physically identifiable) spherical wave sources in space. In the near field, a full spectrum of plane waves is necessary to represent the Fresnel near-field wave, even locally. A ""wide"" wave moving forward (like an expanding ocean wave coming toward the shore) can be regarded as an infinite number of ""plane wave modes"", all of which could (when they collide with something in the way) scatter independently of one other. These mathematical simplifications and calculations are the realm of Fourier analysis and synthesis – together, they can describe what happens when light passes through various slits, lenses or mirrors curved one way or the other, or is fully or partially reflected. Fourier optics forms much of the theory behind image processing techniques, as well as finding applications where information needs to be extracted from optical sources such as in quantum optics. To put it in a slightly more complex way, similar to the concept of frequency and time used in traditional Fourier transform theory, Fourier optics makes use of the spatial frequency domain (kx, ky) as the conjugate of the spatial (x,y) domain. Terms and concepts such as transform theory, spectrum, bandwidth, window functions and sampling from one-dimensional signal processing are commonly used.
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