FRBSF E L
... explained by the other factors. This measure is known as total factor productivity (TFP). In the long run, TFP captures productivity benefits from many sources. These include formal and informal research and development, improvements in management practices, reallocation as high productivity firms d ...
... explained by the other factors. This measure is known as total factor productivity (TFP). In the long run, TFP captures productivity benefits from many sources. These include formal and informal research and development, improvements in management practices, reallocation as high productivity firms d ...
Poland
... up from 3.5 per cent in 2005, and is expected to stay at a similar level in 2007. Despite significant investment growth at around 20 per cent, the economy’s overall performance is mainly due to high domestic consumption. Industrial production grew by 7.7 per cent and construction expanded by 14.6 pe ...
... up from 3.5 per cent in 2005, and is expected to stay at a similar level in 2007. Despite significant investment growth at around 20 per cent, the economy’s overall performance is mainly due to high domestic consumption. Industrial production grew by 7.7 per cent and construction expanded by 14.6 pe ...
Ethiopia: Economic Performance and the Role of the Private
... chance to come close to the pre-1998 situation when the economic performance in Ethiopia and Eritrea was relatively good. The Ethiopian economic transition towards a market economy with increasing private ownership has been one of the major objectives of the government since the beginning of the 199 ...
... chance to come close to the pre-1998 situation when the economic performance in Ethiopia and Eritrea was relatively good. The Ethiopian economic transition towards a market economy with increasing private ownership has been one of the major objectives of the government since the beginning of the 199 ...
Observations on Recent Productivity Developments in the US, EU
... consensus that it was driven by production and use of ICT equipment 2001-2003 further increase in trend growth – Savage corporate cost cutting – Intangible capital hypothesis ...
... consensus that it was driven by production and use of ICT equipment 2001-2003 further increase in trend growth – Savage corporate cost cutting – Intangible capital hypothesis ...
Productivity and Related Economic
... by the invention of the internet. The fast decline in computer prices and high share of ICT investment will not happen again The full productivity payoff of the ICT investment bubble plausibly had a lag of three years or more, same timing as cost cutting Thus fast productivity and slow employment gr ...
... by the invention of the internet. The fast decline in computer prices and high share of ICT investment will not happen again The full productivity payoff of the ICT investment bubble plausibly had a lag of three years or more, same timing as cost cutting Thus fast productivity and slow employment gr ...
Session 11. GDP statistics by activity
... followed by 3% rather than 3% followed by 9%. But suppose GDP rose by 9% one year and by 3% the next. It is curious that most commentators would consider this to be bad news, a “slow down” in the rate of growth. On the other hand if GDP rose by 3% and then by 9% it would be considered good. In both ...
... followed by 3% rather than 3% followed by 9%. But suppose GDP rose by 9% one year and by 3% the next. It is curious that most commentators would consider this to be bad news, a “slow down” in the rate of growth. On the other hand if GDP rose by 3% and then by 9% it would be considered good. In both ...
Provincial Gross Domestic Product 2010
... The Western province, made the highest contribution to GDP in 2010. However its share in GDP reduced to 45.1 per cent from 45.8 per cent in 2009. As in 2009, Southern province provided the second highest contribution which was 10.7 per cent, an increase compared to 10.5 per cent in 2009. The Centra ...
... The Western province, made the highest contribution to GDP in 2010. However its share in GDP reduced to 45.1 per cent from 45.8 per cent in 2009. As in 2009, Southern province provided the second highest contribution which was 10.7 per cent, an increase compared to 10.5 per cent in 2009. The Centra ...
Do Emerging Market Economies Have Debt Problems?
... The overall debt-to-GDP ratio in Korea currently exceeds 200 percent (Figure 8). The bad news is that the debt ratios for the NFC sector (106 percent of GDP) and the household sector (87 percent) may both be a bit elevated at present. That said, the NFC debt ratio in Korea is significantly below the ...
... The overall debt-to-GDP ratio in Korea currently exceeds 200 percent (Figure 8). The bad news is that the debt ratios for the NFC sector (106 percent of GDP) and the household sector (87 percent) may both be a bit elevated at present. That said, the NFC debt ratio in Korea is significantly below the ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... The secular trend in the share of agriculture in production clearly has been downward (line 3.1.1.1 in Table A.1).2 The same trend exists for the agricultural percentage share of the labor force: 36.2 in 1920, 34.8 in 1945, and 28.2 in 1965. In part these declines reflect an Engel-curve phenomenon. ...
... The secular trend in the share of agriculture in production clearly has been downward (line 3.1.1.1 in Table A.1).2 The same trend exists for the agricultural percentage share of the labor force: 36.2 in 1920, 34.8 in 1945, and 28.2 in 1965. In part these declines reflect an Engel-curve phenomenon. ...
Aftermath of the Arab Spring in North Africa
... exports, and 98 percent of government revenues.3 In both of these countries, oil production and movements in world oil prices drive the economy. Tunisia and Morocco are different in that they are more diversified and depend on agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and mining. However, they are also e ...
... exports, and 98 percent of government revenues.3 In both of these countries, oil production and movements in world oil prices drive the economy. Tunisia and Morocco are different in that they are more diversified and depend on agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and mining. However, they are also e ...
Recitation Material - Matthew H. Shapiro
... Practice Problems _____________________________________________________________________________________ ...
... Practice Problems _____________________________________________________________________________________ ...
Mauritius: A Success Story
... • When Mauritius was a sugar economy, – it suffered from periodic Dutch Disease cycles -– due, not just to swings in world price or domestic output, – but rather to big changes in rich-country barriers: ...
... • When Mauritius was a sugar economy, – it suffered from periodic Dutch Disease cycles -– due, not just to swings in world price or domestic output, – but rather to big changes in rich-country barriers: ...
Mauritius: African success story?
... • Today, Mauritius is not predominantly a commodity economy; • but it was, before independence… • When Mauritius was a sugar economy, – it suffered from periodic Dutch Disease cycles -– due, not just to swings in world price or domestic output, – but rather to big changes in rich-country barriers: ...
... • Today, Mauritius is not predominantly a commodity economy; • but it was, before independence… • When Mauritius was a sugar economy, – it suffered from periodic Dutch Disease cycles -– due, not just to swings in world price or domestic output, – but rather to big changes in rich-country barriers: ...
EC 001 Gross Domestic Product
... countries. In this way, countries can become trading partners and contribute to each other’s economic growth. ...
... countries. In this way, countries can become trading partners and contribute to each other’s economic growth. ...
Chapter 9
... A necessary condition for all of these is economic freedom, which is freedom to exchange in markets and enforcement of private property rights. Property rights and markets create incentives for individuals to specialize, trade, save, invest, expand their human capital, and discover new technologies. ...
... A necessary condition for all of these is economic freedom, which is freedom to exchange in markets and enforcement of private property rights. Property rights and markets create incentives for individuals to specialize, trade, save, invest, expand their human capital, and discover new technologies. ...
267 K - NBER
... widely held traditional Chinese beliefs, these new policies have not ushered in a financial meltdown or social instability, but in fact have spurred China’s national growth. Market reforms introduced in the countryside in 1978 pushed China into a period of fast development in the 1980s. The country ...
... widely held traditional Chinese beliefs, these new policies have not ushered in a financial meltdown or social instability, but in fact have spurred China’s national growth. Market reforms introduced in the countryside in 1978 pushed China into a period of fast development in the 1980s. The country ...
Globalization of IT Services and White Collar Jobs: The Next Wave of Productivity Growth
... most effectively. There are sufficiently detailed data on two specific products to examine the role of globalization in their price declines. For dynamic random access memory (DRAMs), squeezing margins between production cost and market price is an important factor in changing the pace of the overal ...
... most effectively. There are sufficiently detailed data on two specific products to examine the role of globalization in their price declines. For dynamic random access memory (DRAMs), squeezing margins between production cost and market price is an important factor in changing the pace of the overal ...
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
... remove the wage constraint to expansion of industrial employment and to change the structure of the economy as a whole. Nonetheless, without changing the structure of employment and income (which involves industrial expansion), surplus labour in agriculture would not be absorbed, consumer and invest ...
... remove the wage constraint to expansion of industrial employment and to change the structure of the economy as a whole. Nonetheless, without changing the structure of employment and income (which involves industrial expansion), surplus labour in agriculture would not be absorbed, consumer and invest ...
downLoad
... about the aspiration profoundly change turned out trends, creation new much more effective then previous mechanisms of the development of national economies. Accordingly for all countries of North-East Asia as most aggregated form important tusk was formulates as fallows: “holding the equilibrium be ...
... about the aspiration profoundly change turned out trends, creation new much more effective then previous mechanisms of the development of national economies. Accordingly for all countries of North-East Asia as most aggregated form important tusk was formulates as fallows: “holding the equilibrium be ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.