The challenge of the MDGs for water supply & sanitation
... uses - purchase small quantities if a free source is available: May share a house or yard tap with multiple families – design standards underestimate number of users May purchase from a neighbor – poor households are often heterogeneous; differentiate demand as slums may have mixed densities, in ...
... uses - purchase small quantities if a free source is available: May share a house or yard tap with multiple families – design standards underestimate number of users May purchase from a neighbor – poor households are often heterogeneous; differentiate demand as slums may have mixed densities, in ...
MACROECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS AND MEDIUM- TERM GROWTH IN KENYA: A THREE-GAP ANALYSIS
... declined from 98 to 90, although this was partially compensated by an increase in net non-factor service exports such as tourism and transportation whose index rose from 83 to 142. The share of commodity imports financed by foreign savings increased from 13% to 29% in this period. The story was not ...
... declined from 98 to 90, although this was partially compensated by an increase in net non-factor service exports such as tourism and transportation whose index rose from 83 to 142. The share of commodity imports financed by foreign savings increased from 13% to 29% in this period. The story was not ...
CUI Zhiyuan
... 1998 to counter the impact of the Asian financial crisis and to pump-prime its slowing economy. 2. In 2001, the Chinese central government’s fiscal deficit was 260 billion yuan, or 2.7% of the country’s GDP. For 2002, officially projected GDP growth rate is 7% and budget deficit 309.8 billion yuan; ...
... 1998 to counter the impact of the Asian financial crisis and to pump-prime its slowing economy. 2. In 2001, the Chinese central government’s fiscal deficit was 260 billion yuan, or 2.7% of the country’s GDP. For 2002, officially projected GDP growth rate is 7% and budget deficit 309.8 billion yuan; ...
Towards a Comprehensive Accounting of the Knowledge Economy
... UK: Haskell and Marrano Japan: Fukao et al. Ongoing work for Finland, France and Netherlands ...
... UK: Haskell and Marrano Japan: Fukao et al. Ongoing work for Finland, France and Netherlands ...
The literature provides a rich catalogue of models that deal... and planning in developing countries. ... CHAPTER FIVE THEORETICAL AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
... serve as vehicles for reaching the development goals. These sectors must also have the capability to improve household income, by strengthening their labour power, return on labour and most importantly, the accessibility by the poor to assets or social capital. This chapter argues that the sectors ...
... serve as vehicles for reaching the development goals. These sectors must also have the capability to improve household income, by strengthening their labour power, return on labour and most importantly, the accessibility by the poor to assets or social capital. This chapter argues that the sectors ...
Unit-II Economies accross the globe-Students` Manual - CBSE
... than $755. These countries, for example in Sub-Saharan Africa, are still largely dependent on primitive subsistence agriculture. They all have low standards of living and most of them lack the infrastructure, education and stable political organizations necessary to begin the development process. ...
... than $755. These countries, for example in Sub-Saharan Africa, are still largely dependent on primitive subsistence agriculture. They all have low standards of living and most of them lack the infrastructure, education and stable political organizations necessary to begin the development process. ...
chapter overview
... b. The ability to spread development costs over large output quantities since marginal costs are low. c. Simultaneous consumption by many customers. d. Network effects make widespread use of information goods more valuable as more people use the products. e. Learning increases with practice. 4. Glob ...
... b. The ability to spread development costs over large output quantities since marginal costs are low. c. Simultaneous consumption by many customers. d. Network effects make widespread use of information goods more valuable as more people use the products. e. Learning increases with practice. 4. Glob ...
Oil and Challenges Mehdi Shafaeddin*
... economy of Sudan and the challenges facing the Government in policy making, particularly trade policy and allocation of oil revenues for long-run development and diversification of the production and export structure of the economy. The exploitation of oil resources has been accompanied by impressiv ...
... economy of Sudan and the challenges facing the Government in policy making, particularly trade policy and allocation of oil revenues for long-run development and diversification of the production and export structure of the economy. The exploitation of oil resources has been accompanied by impressiv ...
The Role of Government in the American Economy
... Analogous to private sector markets Determine the way resources will be allocated through public sector Why are they important? ...
... Analogous to private sector markets Determine the way resources will be allocated through public sector Why are they important? ...
World Geography 3202
... heavy/bulky to transport. (Often time communities spring up around resource industries. Labrador City, Churchill Falls, Grand Falls-Windsor and Bonavista are good examples.) Land: relatively cheap to purchase or rent, level, good drainages, dense well-settled soil. Energy; They require a cheap and r ...
... heavy/bulky to transport. (Often time communities spring up around resource industries. Labrador City, Churchill Falls, Grand Falls-Windsor and Bonavista are good examples.) Land: relatively cheap to purchase or rent, level, good drainages, dense well-settled soil. Energy; They require a cheap and r ...
PDF
... sector, partly because of the high level of poverty in rural areas of developing countries [CGIAR, 2000; Ravallion and Datt ,1996; Timmer ,1997]. In most of the developing countries, the agricultural sector is the major source for employment (up to 81%), income (more than 50% of primary income on av ...
... sector, partly because of the high level of poverty in rural areas of developing countries [CGIAR, 2000; Ravallion and Datt ,1996; Timmer ,1997]. In most of the developing countries, the agricultural sector is the major source for employment (up to 81%), income (more than 50% of primary income on av ...
PDF
... and movement of commodities and goods. In spite of the reduced production and marketing activities, the state-owned agricultural sector was prohibited from laying off employees, particularly when economic sanctions were imposed by the international community. This resulted in enterprises with operat ...
... and movement of commodities and goods. In spite of the reduced production and marketing activities, the state-owned agricultural sector was prohibited from laying off employees, particularly when economic sanctions were imposed by the international community. This resulted in enterprises with operat ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... continued in 2013 due to increased iron ore production, which became Liberia‟s leading export, ahead of rubber. The trade balance widened, with strong imports. These imports contribute to a large current account deficit estimated at 48% of GDP in 2013. (African Economic Outlook, 2014) Sierra Leone h ...
... continued in 2013 due to increased iron ore production, which became Liberia‟s leading export, ahead of rubber. The trade balance widened, with strong imports. These imports contribute to a large current account deficit estimated at 48% of GDP in 2013. (African Economic Outlook, 2014) Sierra Leone h ...
Pulling it all together. Macroeconomic effects. Trinidad Wkshop
... The methodology provides an order of magnitude of impact. The information comes from the sectoral estimates and the information provided by the government and/or relief (recovery) operations. There are limited guidelines on how to measure in a consistent way- need to use knowledge of economy. No cle ...
... The methodology provides an order of magnitude of impact. The information comes from the sectoral estimates and the information provided by the government and/or relief (recovery) operations. There are limited guidelines on how to measure in a consistent way- need to use knowledge of economy. No cle ...
Key Note Address by
... Second, how did they develop a social cohesion to support those strategies? Finally, how were they able to successfully implement those strategies? Brunei Darussalam is a relatively small country but rich in natural resources of oil and gas that has allowed its people to enjoy many years of prosperi ...
... Second, how did they develop a social cohesion to support those strategies? Finally, how were they able to successfully implement those strategies? Brunei Darussalam is a relatively small country but rich in natural resources of oil and gas that has allowed its people to enjoy many years of prosperi ...
Practicing Calculations with GDP (Deflator, etc)
... More practice!!! Below are figures for a simplified economy. Calculate the price deflator, nominal or current “GDP”, and real or constant “GDP”, using Year 2 as the base year. Year Quantity of Goods Price Per Good Price Deflator Nominal GDP Real GDP ...
... More practice!!! Below are figures for a simplified economy. Calculate the price deflator, nominal or current “GDP”, and real or constant “GDP”, using Year 2 as the base year. Year Quantity of Goods Price Per Good Price Deflator Nominal GDP Real GDP ...
II P E
... were resulting in substantial declines in California’s exports to the region, and consequently were depressing sales and employment in California’s high-tech manufacturing industries (which are major exporters to the area). As 1999 unfolded, many Asian economies started to rebound, boosting foreign ...
... were resulting in substantial declines in California’s exports to the region, and consequently were depressing sales and employment in California’s high-tech manufacturing industries (which are major exporters to the area). As 1999 unfolded, many Asian economies started to rebound, boosting foreign ...
Interactive Tool
... and the resulting low interest rates helped increase investment and consumer spending during and since the recession. As the economy recovered, the growth of real GDP increased and beginning in June 2004, the Federal Reserve began to be concerned with potential inflationary pressures. The target fed ...
... and the resulting low interest rates helped increase investment and consumer spending during and since the recession. As the economy recovered, the growth of real GDP increased and beginning in June 2004, the Federal Reserve began to be concerned with potential inflationary pressures. The target fed ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.