Enzyme_Classificn
... ENZYME CLASSIFICATION ANSWERS TO IN-CLASS EXERCISE (1) TRANSFERASE (HEXOKINASE) (2) OXIDOREDUCTASE (ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE) (3) HYDROLASE (ATPase) (4) LYASE (PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE) (5) LIGASE (PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) (6) ISOMERASE (MALEATE ISOMERASE) (7) HYDROLASE (PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE ...
... ENZYME CLASSIFICATION ANSWERS TO IN-CLASS EXERCISE (1) TRANSFERASE (HEXOKINASE) (2) OXIDOREDUCTASE (ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE) (3) HYDROLASE (ATPase) (4) LYASE (PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE) (5) LIGASE (PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) (6) ISOMERASE (MALEATE ISOMERASE) (7) HYDROLASE (PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE ...
Cell Respiration
... • Each NADH yields about 3 ATP’s (give or take) • Each FADH2 yields about 2 ATP’s (give or take) • As electrons flow down the chain they cause Hydrogens to get sucked out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space. ...
... • Each NADH yields about 3 ATP’s (give or take) • Each FADH2 yields about 2 ATP’s (give or take) • As electrons flow down the chain they cause Hydrogens to get sucked out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space. ...
Cell Respiration
... • Each NADH yields about 3 ATP’s (give or take) • Each FADH2 yields about 2 ATP’s (give or take) • As electrons flow down the chain they cause Hydrogens to get sucked out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space. ...
... • Each NADH yields about 3 ATP’s (give or take) • Each FADH2 yields about 2 ATP’s (give or take) • As electrons flow down the chain they cause Hydrogens to get sucked out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space. ...
Cellular Respiration
... shuttled by NADH and FADH2 are used to make ATP (they are used for other kinds of work). The ratio of NADH to ATP is wacky (10 H+ out for every one NADH, but we know what we don’t ...
... shuttled by NADH and FADH2 are used to make ATP (they are used for other kinds of work). The ratio of NADH to ATP is wacky (10 H+ out for every one NADH, but we know what we don’t ...
1. Metabolism refers to A) pathways of chemical reactions that build
... D) the process of photosynthesis. 2. The original source of all our energy is: A) plants. B) carbon dioxide. C) sunlight. D) oxygen. 3. When a cell needs energy: A) ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP. B) ADP releases a phosphate group and becomes ATP. C) ATP gains a phosphate group and b ...
... D) the process of photosynthesis. 2. The original source of all our energy is: A) plants. B) carbon dioxide. C) sunlight. D) oxygen. 3. When a cell needs energy: A) ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP. B) ADP releases a phosphate group and becomes ATP. C) ATP gains a phosphate group and b ...
• Microbial Metabolism • What is metabolism? • All chemical
... Need sufficient activation energy Number of molecules above this activation level = reaction rate ...
... Need sufficient activation energy Number of molecules above this activation level = reaction rate ...
Citric Acid Cycle 1 - Indiana University
... 1. The net effect of the eight steps of the citric acid cycle is to A) completely oxidize an acetyl group to carbon dioxide. B) convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. C) produce a citrate molecule D) produce 8 ATP for every pass through the cycle. E) More than one of the above 2. The order of prosthetic g ...
... 1. The net effect of the eight steps of the citric acid cycle is to A) completely oxidize an acetyl group to carbon dioxide. B) convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. C) produce a citrate molecule D) produce 8 ATP for every pass through the cycle. E) More than one of the above 2. The order of prosthetic g ...
Citric Acid Cycle 1
... 1. The net effect of the eight steps of the citric acid cycle is to A) completely oxidize an acetyl group to carbon dioxide. B) convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. C) produce a citrate molecule D) produce 8 ATP for every pass through the cycle. E) More than one of the above 2. The order of prosthetic gr ...
... 1. The net effect of the eight steps of the citric acid cycle is to A) completely oxidize an acetyl group to carbon dioxide. B) convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. C) produce a citrate molecule D) produce 8 ATP for every pass through the cycle. E) More than one of the above 2. The order of prosthetic gr ...
Document
... • Inhibitors can be competitive (bind at substrate active site) • Noncompetitive inhibitors and activators bind to allosteric (regulatory) sites; separate from the active site; These effectors change the shape of the protein and its activity as a catalyst. ...
... • Inhibitors can be competitive (bind at substrate active site) • Noncompetitive inhibitors and activators bind to allosteric (regulatory) sites; separate from the active site; These effectors change the shape of the protein and its activity as a catalyst. ...
Respiration
... ! Free energy in glucose + O2 released through glycolysis, pyruvic acid oxidation, citric acid cycle ! Converted temporarily to free energy of NADH and FADH2 + O2 ! A fraction finally saved as free energy of ATP (and GTP) + H2O Next: how ATP is synthesized ...
... ! Free energy in glucose + O2 released through glycolysis, pyruvic acid oxidation, citric acid cycle ! Converted temporarily to free energy of NADH and FADH2 + O2 ! A fraction finally saved as free energy of ATP (and GTP) + H2O Next: how ATP is synthesized ...
anaerobic respiration
... When food is broken down, energetic electrons are released. NADH catches the electrons. NADH releases the electrons so that ATP can be made. Metabolism is all of the reactions in the body that involve energy transformation ...
... When food is broken down, energetic electrons are released. NADH catches the electrons. NADH releases the electrons so that ATP can be made. Metabolism is all of the reactions in the body that involve energy transformation ...
Slide 1 - Science With Mr. Burns
... –Ask a question, form a hypothesis, test hypothesis with a controlled experiment, ...
... –Ask a question, form a hypothesis, test hypothesis with a controlled experiment, ...
The Citric Acid Cycle - Alfred State College
... • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm • Citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix† • Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner ...
... • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm • Citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix† • Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner ...
4 Krebs ETC
... • Two turns of the Krebs cycle are required for each mole of glucose • At the end of the two turns, all of the original glucose molecule has been oxidized to CO2 + H2O • Energy produced when bonds are broken is transferred to – 1 ATP – 3 NADH + H+ – 1 FADH2 ...
... • Two turns of the Krebs cycle are required for each mole of glucose • At the end of the two turns, all of the original glucose molecule has been oxidized to CO2 + H2O • Energy produced when bonds are broken is transferred to – 1 ATP – 3 NADH + H+ – 1 FADH2 ...
SI Worksheet #10 (Chapter 9) BY 123 Meeting 10/8/2015 Chapter 9
... Both molecules of G3P become oxidized using NAD+, which becomes NADH. This process releases energy which is used to attach phosphates to the sugars, making them 1,3bisphosphoglycerate. 4. Formation of ATP During the last four steps of glycolysis, the phosphate groups of the molecules are transferred ...
... Both molecules of G3P become oxidized using NAD+, which becomes NADH. This process releases energy which is used to attach phosphates to the sugars, making them 1,3bisphosphoglycerate. 4. Formation of ATP During the last four steps of glycolysis, the phosphate groups of the molecules are transferred ...
Cellular Respiration
... Hans Krebs who described the reaction in the 1930s. Begins by the addition of a 2-carbon acetyl group to a 4-carbon molecule forming a 6-carbon citric acid molecule In the reactions that follow, at three different times, two electrons and one H ion are accepted by NAD+ , forming NADH At one time in ...
... Hans Krebs who described the reaction in the 1930s. Begins by the addition of a 2-carbon acetyl group to a 4-carbon molecule forming a 6-carbon citric acid molecule In the reactions that follow, at three different times, two electrons and one H ion are accepted by NAD+ , forming NADH At one time in ...
The Kreb`s Cycle - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... process by breaking down glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate. • The citric acid cycle, which takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. • In the third stage, the electron transport chain ac ...
... process by breaking down glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate. • The citric acid cycle, which takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. • In the third stage, the electron transport chain ac ...
Fermentation/ Citric Acid Cycle
... - Anaerobic respiration is sufficient for most small, unicellular organisms - However, for organisms with higher energy requirements (like US), the low efficiency of glycolysis is not sufficient o Remember: after glycolysis, the cell must make a decision about what to do next - When OXYGEN is PRESEN ...
... - Anaerobic respiration is sufficient for most small, unicellular organisms - However, for organisms with higher energy requirements (like US), the low efficiency of glycolysis is not sufficient o Remember: after glycolysis, the cell must make a decision about what to do next - When OXYGEN is PRESEN ...
File
... 3. The passage of electrons is accompanied by the formation of a protein gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane or the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, with the membrane(s) separating a region of high proton concentration from a region of low proton concentration. In prokaryotes, the pa ...
... 3. The passage of electrons is accompanied by the formation of a protein gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane or the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, with the membrane(s) separating a region of high proton concentration from a region of low proton concentration. In prokaryotes, the pa ...
aerobic vs anerobic ws - Hicksville Public Schools
... 17. Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between a. two phosphate groups c. ribose and a phosphate group b. adenine and ribose d. adenine and a phosphate group ...
... 17. Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between a. two phosphate groups c. ribose and a phosphate group b. adenine and ribose d. adenine and a phosphate group ...
Microbial Metabolism Notes
... (i) O2 is considered the final electron acceptor (c) redox energy is used to pump H+ into the cell (i) creates a higher concentration in ICF (d) H+ is moved out through ATPsynthase creating ATP as it moves out (e) each NADH has enough energy to produce 3 ATP and each FADH2 can produce 2 (i) 30 ATP f ...
... (i) O2 is considered the final electron acceptor (c) redox energy is used to pump H+ into the cell (i) creates a higher concentration in ICF (d) H+ is moved out through ATPsynthase creating ATP as it moves out (e) each NADH has enough energy to produce 3 ATP and each FADH2 can produce 2 (i) 30 ATP f ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.