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REVIEW ARTICLE - Hepatitis Monthly
REVIEW ARTICLE - Hepatitis Monthly

... education. An increase in the number of susceptible populations could result in outbreaks and become a problem in the future, particularly in schools, nurseries, day care centers, other communities and among high risk groups. Mostly, hepatitis A occurs in the context of community-wide epidemics duri ...
handout - Department of Pathology
handout - Department of Pathology

... Other manifestations are not clearly related to failure of renal function. For the most part, these are relieved by dialysis, suggesting that they are caused by a filterable, circulating toxin. However, no specific toxin or toxins have been identified with certainty. Some of these manifestations are ...
Vibrio cholerae: Ecology, Evolution and Climate
Vibrio cholerae: Ecology, Evolution and Climate

... Intensive study of toxigenic strains of 01 and 0139 yield a set of virulence genes most notably belonging to TCP pathogenicity island, tcpA, tcpI, and acfB encoding colonization factor TCP, and CTX prophage, ctxA encoding CT toxin (5,6). The investigation is far from complete as more genetic variant ...
WAO White Book on Allergy: Executive Summary
WAO White Book on Allergy: Executive Summary

... pertain to their area. The data from national member societies reinforce the book’s central purpose to be an advocacy tool to show the increasing prevalence of asthma and allergic disease worldwide, especially in children, and the subsequent growing burden carried by all, and the absolute necessity ...
Shigellosis, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Methods to Deal with It in
Shigellosis, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Methods to Deal with It in

... vaccines such as a live attenuated Shigella flexeneri type 2a (SC602) and Shigella dysenteriae type1 (SC599) were also prepared which had a mutation in toxA (stx), int, iuc, icsa (virG). Final evaluation of these vaccines did not show a good results in human [26]. In the other hand recombinant vacci ...
Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases In Latin America
Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases In Latin America

... equally likely to die prematurely from just one NCD, i.e., cardiovascular disease, than from all communicable diseases combined. NCDs affect people of all ages, including children and women of childbearing age. NCDs are more likely to affect the poor because they often do not have the ability to pre ...
Nosocomial Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections
Nosocomial Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections

... outbreaks usually limited to 2 cases potential benefit to isolation and prophylaxis when necrotizing fasciitis case admitted to icu ...
75057-DoH-Hendra Virus
75057-DoH-Hendra Virus

... a serious hazard to employees; it is likely to spread to the community and there is usually no effective prophylaxis or treatment available”. Distinctions between the viruses, for example in the diseases that they cause, have been made clear wherever possible within this guidance. ...
Autoimmune Hepatitis - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
Autoimmune Hepatitis - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive

... diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing autoimmune hepatitis. ...
2-INTRODUCTION AND ACUTE DIARRHEA
2-INTRODUCTION AND ACUTE DIARRHEA

... Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia are NOT a normal flora of the intestinal tract. Some strains of E.coli ,Salmonella ,Shigella and Yersinia enterocolitica are able to cause diseases in the intestinal ...
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS

... Aspiration and anaerobic Pneumonia in immunocompromised AIDS-related Geographically restricted Recurrent ...
Influenza 2010-2011: Lessons from the 2009 pandemic
Influenza 2010-2011: Lessons from the 2009 pandemic

... Influenza causes annual epidemics of varied severity and risk of death. In the United States, these seasonal epidemics are estimated to account for more than 200,000 hospitalizations1 and 1.4 to 16.7 deaths per 100,000 persons (3,349 to 48,614 deaths) each year, mostly in the elderly.2 The past 10 ...
Mechanisms of viral emergence
Mechanisms of viral emergence

... result, the distribution of viral vectors (arthropods, birds, mammals). However, which vectors and how they will be affected by weather or climate conditions are usually difficult to predict since they depend on sets of ecological interactions. Finally, another level of complexity intervenes in the e ...
A suspected virus from soybean infecting cocoa seedlings
A suspected virus from soybean infecting cocoa seedlings

... Seed transmission studies Mature but green seeds produced by the two affected soybean plants were dissected into testa, perisperm (remains of nucellar tissue) and embryo: each seed tissue was bulked and the extract inoculated to 40 cocoa beans. Those inoculated with extract from the testa, but not t ...
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE)
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE)

... Caregivers in the home should wear gloves if they come into contact with body fluids such as feces or bandages from infected wounds that may contain VRE. Good hand washing with soap and water or waterless hand sanitizer gels must be practiced following glove removal. Environmental cleaning. Because ...
THE SYSTEMIC LINK: Bacteria In The Oral Cavity Linked
THE SYSTEMIC LINK: Bacteria In The Oral Cavity Linked

... There has been another distinct link between oral health and respiratory disease. The oral cavity can serve as a reservoir for bacteria. These bacteria can be easily aspirated into the lungs, making infection more likely. This is especially common in patients with diminished swallowing capacity. To ...
Treating advanced HIV disease
Treating advanced HIV disease

... People with HIV disease have weakened immune systems. Because of this they often get opportunistic infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi that do not create problems in people who are healthy. These infections are often serious and difficult to treat in people with AIDS. Some organisms, su ...
Infections and the rise of antimicrobial resistance
Infections and the rise of antimicrobial resistance

... I have chosen infectious diseases as the subject for my first in-depth report for a number of reasons; Globally, this group of diseases represents the greatest cause of death and burden of disease. In developed countries, following the success of vaccination and antimicrobial drug therapy, infectiou ...
Chapter 1 - HIV/AIDS in Florida
Chapter 1 - HIV/AIDS in Florida

... Providers’ clinical assessments of any medical conditions associated with AIDS are also exempt from the superconfidentiality standard because they do not constitute “HIV test results” unless they include laboratory reports or medical-record notes of an HIV test. For example, a patient’s chart docum ...
Antibiotics February 2012   Vol. 16 • No. 2
Antibiotics February 2012 Vol. 16 • No. 2

... These concerns originate from several sources. The most important is the emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria and the diminished pipeline of development of new antibiotics. In current news, NDM1 (found in India 2010), antibiotic resistant pneumonia as well as the continued problems with vario ...
Multiple bacteria in aortic aneurysms
Multiple bacteria in aortic aneurysms

... findings provide evidence that bacteria were located at the aneurysm walls and inside intravascular plaque at the walls. These bacteria cannot be considered culture contaminants. Cell division indicated they were multiplying actively, and the presence of capsule suggested they might be more or less ...
post exposure management: hepatitis b, hepatitis c and hiv
post exposure management: hepatitis b, hepatitis c and hiv

... low. In many years of follow-up in Canada, the US and Europe, it appears no one has become infected with HIV from a found needle(5). However, each situation must be assessed individually. A variety of factors can impact on the risk of HIV transmission from an infected source but the greatest estima ...
Recibo de Renda - Acta Médica Portuguesa
Recibo de Renda - Acta Médica Portuguesa

... even when handling the bodies of the Ebola victims. Again, the 2014 East Congo outbreak1 is a good example: the first secondary cases were the children of the index case, others same house relatives, the local health workers who try to care for her and the persons who prepare her body for the burial ...
CLINICAL REVIEW Kawasaki disease
CLINICAL REVIEW Kawasaki disease

... Parents worry about meningitis, but few have heard of Kawasaki disease, and most doctors have never seen a case. But Kawasaki disease is an important diagnosis not to miss in febrile children because treatment within the first 10 days of illness may prevent acute and long term coronary artery damage ...
PE 307 lecture notes - Western Washington University
PE 307 lecture notes - Western Washington University

... air or surface carried moisture droplets from mouth & nose, or direct physical contact, carried in dirt , food, water that is them ingested Portal of ENTRY How pathogen gets into recipient’s body. Lyme disease causing spirochete Portal of ENTRY? Portal of ENTRY for some other common infectious agent ...
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Transmission (medicine)

In medicine and biology, transmission is the passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.The term usually refers to the transmission of microorganisms directly from one individual to another by one or more of the following means: droplet contact – coughing or sneezing on another individual direct physical contact – touching an infected individual, including sexual contact indirect physical contact – usually by touching soil contamination or a contaminated surface (fomite) airborne transmission – if the microorganism can remain in the air for long periods fecal-oral transmission – usually from unwashed hands, contaminated food or water sources due to lack of sanitation and hygiene, an important transmission route in pediatrics, veterinary medicine and developing countries.Transmission can also be indirect, via another organism, either a vector (e.g. a mosquito or fly) or an intermediate host (e.g. tapeworm in pigs can be transmitted to humans who ingest improperly cooked pork). Indirect transmission could involve zoonoses or, more typically, larger pathogens like macroparasites with more complex life cycles.
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