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chronic bronchitis
chronic bronchitis

... carbon dioxide are exchanged])  The bronchi and bronchioles are considered to be “small airways”  “Chronic bronchitis” is long-term (chronic) coughing for 2 consecutive months that is not related to another cause (such as cancer; congestive heart failure [CHF], a condition in which the heart canno ...
Chronic Disease
Chronic Disease

... Assessment Criteria for Research ...
Passive and active immunity
Passive and active immunity

... successful vaccination against smallpox in 1796. The importance of prophylactic immunization against infectious diseases is best illustrated by the fact that worldwide programs of vaccination have led to the complete or nearly complete eradication of many of these diseases in developed countries. Th ...
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 1

... There are some quantitative parameters (e.g. breathing rate, heart beat, blood pressure, body temperature, etc.) and qualitative characteristics, which differ a sick organism from a healthy one. A sick body starts to react to the agents at which it was unresponsible to before. For example, a patient ...
4 The body at war
4 The body at war

... containing prions burst, more of these infectious proteins are released to infect other cells. The bursting of these cells can also result in damage to the tissues of which they are a part. Prions are thought to be responsible for degenerative neurological diseases. These diseases are also called tr ...
Pneumococcal and Influenza vaccine
Pneumococcal and Influenza vaccine

... Williams BG, Gouws E, Boschi-Pinto C, et al. Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections. Lancet Infect Dis 2002;2(1):25-32 Mulholland K. Childhood pneumonia mortality- a permanent ...
causes
causes

... during breathing. • It occurs when air flows through narrowed breathing tubes ...
Sexual Network Constraints on STD Flow: The role
Sexual Network Constraints on STD Flow: The role

... of connection changes the disease risk for actors. Two features of the network’s shape are known to be important: Connectivity and Centrality. Connectivity refers to how actors in one part of the network are connected to actors in another part of the network. •Reachability: Is it possible for actor ...
The Mouth and salivary glands atlas
The Mouth and salivary glands atlas

... Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is caused by HSV type 1. Primary infection occurs in up to 90% of the population before puberty. The illness is often mild and mistaken for a routine upper respiratory tract infection; it may include varying degrees of fever, malaise, and adenopathy, together with ...
4-Basic Bacteriology-Part-IV
4-Basic Bacteriology-Part-IV

... The Symbionts that represent the microbiota of a host are often referred to as commensals, because (in most cases), they gain benefits from the host without causing any harm. (some member of the microbiota may have a mutualism symbiotic relationship with the host) ...
Document
Document

... is acquired in areas of the world where the disease are the most frequent routes of infection Other risk factors include working in a healthcare setting, blood transfusions , dialysis, sharing razors or toothbrushes with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and l ...
Senate Banking and Insurance Committee Hearing
Senate Banking and Insurance Committee Hearing

...  Identifying the relationships can affect health across populations, creating opportunities to reduce the impact of chronic disease by preventing or treating infection.  Infectious agents likely determine more cancers, immune-mediated syndromes, neurodevelopmental disorders, and other chronic cond ...
Gum disease descr - Brid Cantwell Dental Clinic Tramore
Gum disease descr - Brid Cantwell Dental Clinic Tramore

... Screening for gum disease forms an integral part of your routine examination. What is gum disease? Gum disease describes swelling, soreness or infection of the tissues supporting the teeth. There are two main forms of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontal disease. What is gingivitis? Gingivitis me ...
The Detection of and Response to a Foodborne
The Detection of and Response to a Foodborne

... It would have also meant additional, preventable cases occurring that could be directly related to the lack of timeliness of the investigation. Unfortunately, it has been our experience over the recent months that an increasing number of foodborne disease outbreak investigations have been delayed wa ...
comp11_unit3_1a_lecture
comp11_unit3_1a_lecture

... – Recommendations of experienced physicians judged acceptable 4363% of the time, compared with 65% of the time for MYCIN – In no cases did MYCIN fail to recommend an antibiotic that would cover the infection (even if it was not optimal choice) ...
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease - El Paso County Public Health
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease - El Paso County Public Health

... It is most common in children under 5 years of age, but can sometimes occur in adults if they have not previously been exposed to those viruses. It is not usually a serious illness in children, however, some young children may get dehydrated if they are not able to swallow enough liquids because of ...
infection exposure control plan
infection exposure control plan

... Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a potentially life-threatening bloodborne pathogen. It causes hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver and although most people with hepatitis B recover completely, approximately 6-10% become chronic carriers and 1-2% die. In the group of chronic carriers, many have no symp ...
hi - Public Health Practice
hi - Public Health Practice

... 1. High morbidity and mortality 2. Person-to-person transmission 3. Ability to cause large outbreaks 4. Low infectious dose and high infectivity, especially by aerosol 5. Effective vaccine unavailable or in limited supply 6. Potential to cause high anxiety 7. Availability of pathogen or toxin ...
Lec 13 Microbial diseases of skin and eyes
Lec 13 Microbial diseases of skin and eyes

...  Vaccination: ▪ 15/1Mio life threatening side effects ▪ 1 – 2 deaths /1 Mio ...
Chapter 20 – Medically Important Gram
Chapter 20 – Medically Important Gram

... respectively. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of both. These inflammations can be caused by diet, toxins, infections, drugs or psychological factors (stress). Enteritis produces profuse, watery discharge induced by toxins, change in ionic balance in epithelium; the mucosa and submucosa may or may ...
1) The virion of the following viruses contains a polymerase EXCEPT:
1) The virion of the following viruses contains a polymerase EXCEPT:

... A In Europe and the US death due to infection is increasing B Infectious diseases are spread by five basic methods: food, fomite spread, respiratory transmission, sexual transmission, vector borne, zoonotic and vertical. C Knowledge of the pathogen and pharmacology is usually sufficient to initiate ...
SciFed Virology Research Journal
SciFed Virology Research Journal

... Gumboro is a highly contagious, worldwide spread immunosuppressive chicken disease caused by the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV). The severity of the disease depends on characteristics of the infected bird and the virulence of the infecting virus. The disease causes very severe signs and long ...
Occupational Exposure to Blood or Other Potentially Infectious
Occupational Exposure to Blood or Other Potentially Infectious

... Infectious Materials meaning (1) The following human body fluids: semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental procedures, any body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood, and all body flui ...
Name___________________________ Immune System Anatomy
Name___________________________ Immune System Anatomy

... Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system fails to recognize the body’s own molecules as “self,” or belonging to the person. Instead, it attacks body cells as though they were dangerous pathogens. Some relatively common autoimmune diseases are listed in Table 24.1. These diseases cannot be cu ...
Promoting health and hygiene - Pippin Pre
Promoting health and hygiene - Pippin Pre

... If a child or adult is diagnosed suffering from a notifiable disease under the Public Health (Infectious Diseases) Regulations 1988, the GP will report this to the Health Protection ...
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Transmission (medicine)

In medicine and biology, transmission is the passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.The term usually refers to the transmission of microorganisms directly from one individual to another by one or more of the following means: droplet contact – coughing or sneezing on another individual direct physical contact – touching an infected individual, including sexual contact indirect physical contact – usually by touching soil contamination or a contaminated surface (fomite) airborne transmission – if the microorganism can remain in the air for long periods fecal-oral transmission – usually from unwashed hands, contaminated food or water sources due to lack of sanitation and hygiene, an important transmission route in pediatrics, veterinary medicine and developing countries.Transmission can also be indirect, via another organism, either a vector (e.g. a mosquito or fly) or an intermediate host (e.g. tapeworm in pigs can be transmitted to humans who ingest improperly cooked pork). Indirect transmission could involve zoonoses or, more typically, larger pathogens like macroparasites with more complex life cycles.
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