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Lassa Fever, Marburg and Ebola Virus
Lassa Fever, Marburg and Ebola Virus

... The 2014-2016 epidemic may have begun with a child playing in the forest who was exposed to infected fruit bat droppings. Human-to-human transmission is rapid, resulting from contact with bodily fluids. Burial ceremonies in which mourners have direct contact with the body of the deceased person also ...
veterinary research
veterinary research

... threats posed to UK livestock by these viruses under existing and future climate ...
Gram Positive Bacteria - UAB School of Optometry
Gram Positive Bacteria - UAB School of Optometry

... – gamma • Lancefield Groups – (A-T-  hemolytic) – group-specific cell wall polysaccharide ...
CHAPTER 5 REQUIREMENTS FOR INFECTION
CHAPTER 5 REQUIREMENTS FOR INFECTION

... PORTALS OF ENTRY (GETTING IN) • Any point at which pathogens can enter is called a portal of entry. Entry via broken skin is referred to as ...
Viral Vector Gene Delivery to the Brain to Treat the Disseminated
Viral Vector Gene Delivery to the Brain to Treat the Disseminated

... Figure 1. Example of viral vector design and production. To make an AAV vector, a 3-plasmid transfection system is used, consisting of the AAV vector plasmid, an AAV packaging plasmid, and an Ad helper plasmid. The AAV vector plasmid (enlarged view on the left) contains the gene of interest, flanked ...
the streptococcus
the streptococcus

... .they are widely distributed in nature , has broad significance in medicine and industry. Various streptococci are important ecologically as part of the normal microbial flora of animals and humans; some can also cause diseases that range from subacute to acute or even chronic. Among the significant ...
Epidemics - DPI/Inpe
Epidemics - DPI/Inpe

... I(t) denotes the number of individuals who have been infected with the disease and are capable of spreading the disease to those in the susceptible category. R(t) is the compartment used for those individuals who have been infected and then recovered from the disease. Those in this category are not ...
Document
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... Introduction to medical microbiology. Classifications and characteristics of cellular microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, protists) and acellular microorganisms viruses, virus-like organisms (viroids) and prions. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Bacterial cell structures and functions. Bacter ...
Johnson 2006
Johnson 2006

... further losses associated with the epidemic? The results of Lips et al. (2) suggest that it is possible to predict the future trajectory of chytrid epidemics, at least at regional scales. Targeted removal or control of major transport vectors might help prevent further spread of the disease and its ...
A Long-Term Open-Label Rollover Trial Assessing the
A Long-Term Open-Label Rollover Trial Assessing the

... Doctor of Medicine, with Honors. Choa Praya Yomaraj Hospital, Suphan Buri, Thailand (April 1995-March1996) Rotating Internship: Rotated through internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology in the referral center, serving the population of rural Thailand. Ramathibodhi Hospital, M ...
CIN_W2_thoughtpiece_William_1
CIN_W2_thoughtpiece_William_1

... can spread to all levels such as a molecule that prolongs QT repolarization can result in arrythmias that bring about cessation of blood flow and death to the global organism. Complex Adaptive Systems existing in open energy states ‘far from equilibrium’ may display different emergent behaviors that ...
Hand Hygiene Quick Quiz (PDF: 42KB/1 page)
Hand Hygiene Quick Quiz (PDF: 42KB/1 page)

... FALSE. Even after careful hand washing, germs can live under your fingernails. Studies have shown that healthcare workers who wear artificial nails are more likely to have germs on their fingertips than those who have natural nails both before and after they wash their hands. ...
Medicine: Past and Present
Medicine: Past and Present

... When harmful microbes, or germs, enter the body, they multiply and cause disease. This is called infection. Your body's defenses usually do a killer job of squelching harmful microbes. But sometimes germs multiply faster than the body can handle and you get sick. People come in contact with germs i ...
Hepatitis C - Tri-County Health Department
Hepatitis C - Tri-County Health Department

... household items like razors or toothbrushes. There is also a potential risk with body piercing, tattooing or acupuncture. Hepatitis C can be spread through sexual contact, but the level of risk is not completely known and may be low. However, risk of transmission may increase with certain high risk ...
New Test in Celiac Disease Provides Powerful Tool for Diagnosis
New Test in Celiac Disease Provides Powerful Tool for Diagnosis

... CAMBRIDGE, Mass.—Jan. 6, 2014—ImmusanT, a company focused on restoring tolerance to gluten and overcoming the need for gluten-free diet in patients with celiac disease, today announced that an article appearing in the February 2014 issue of the journal, Clinical & Experimental Immunology, features r ...
Chapter 18- Unit 1 Commonly prescribed medications Hydrocodone
Chapter 18- Unit 1 Commonly prescribed medications Hydrocodone

... a. Natural immunity is produced from having had the disease, which causes the body to produce antibodies b. Artificial immunity is produced from having had an immunization (1) Vaccine is made from dead or harmless infectious agents (2) Triggers immune response in the body to produce antibodies 3. Im ...
PowerPoint 簡報
PowerPoint 簡報

... However a “supra-giant experiment” of negative findings of community spread of SARS for last 4 months in such a large population of Taiwan, Hongkong, and Guangzhou, has revealed the following facts. First, SARS in the early stage is not easily infectious. Second, the only time that SARS would becom ...
2 History of Microbiology
2 History of Microbiology

... 4. Re-isolate the microbe from the second animal. If it is the same microbe obtained from the first animal, this proves the etiology (cause) of the disease. For instance, Koch’s postulates were applied to the study of the AIDS virus, and by the 1990’s, all of them contributed to our understanding of ...
Information Sheet English - Jamul
Information Sheet English - Jamul

... Persons suspected of having impetigo should be seen by a physician so that appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up can be obtained. Definition and Cause: Impetigo is a very common and contagious skin disease characterized by fluid-filled blisters or red pimples that may become crusted. It is ...
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infection - Wikispaces
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infection - Wikispaces

... non-pathogenic). PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction: If the pathogen is only present in small numbers (e.g. tuberculosis), it is possible to selectively clone large numbers of copies of the pathogen’s DNA. PCR is also used to identify agents of bioterrorism (anthrax) and to identify DNA samples in foren ...
taking advantage of malnourished mice an animal model for
taking advantage of malnourished mice an animal model for

... and Flammulina. These mushrooms particularly have long been suggested to possess immunomodulatory effects5. Immunity is a very complex homeostatic system consisting of a network of interacting cells, tissues and organs. It allows the organism to exist within itself and maintains a surveillance to ...
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

...  Parasites taking what they need for growth and ...
Autoimmune Diseases in Endocrinology
Autoimmune Diseases in Endocrinology

... The third section of the text discusses type I diabetes mellitus: animal models of type I diabetes mellitus, pancreatic islet cellular autoantigens as they relate to type I diabetes mellitus, and the diagnosis and management of type I diabetes mellitus in humans. Part IV of the text is devoted to th ...
Figure 1.2. Veterinary Diagnostics Market, by Product
Figure 1.2. Veterinary Diagnostics Market, by Product

... RT-PCR methods have been described for the detection of CSF in infected animals during the early incubation period and for a longer period of time in cases where the pigs recover. Assays are available for both CSFV antigen and antibody detection. Typically samples collected for antigen detection are ...
cleaning
cleaning

... • Pontiac fever is a mild flu like illness caused by Legionella bacteria. As with Legionnaire’s disease, symptoms can include fever, headaches and muscle aches, but Pontiac fever does not cause pneumonia. Pontiac fever normally clears up without treatment within 2-3 days. ...
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Transmission (medicine)

In medicine and biology, transmission is the passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.The term usually refers to the transmission of microorganisms directly from one individual to another by one or more of the following means: droplet contact – coughing or sneezing on another individual direct physical contact – touching an infected individual, including sexual contact indirect physical contact – usually by touching soil contamination or a contaminated surface (fomite) airborne transmission – if the microorganism can remain in the air for long periods fecal-oral transmission – usually from unwashed hands, contaminated food or water sources due to lack of sanitation and hygiene, an important transmission route in pediatrics, veterinary medicine and developing countries.Transmission can also be indirect, via another organism, either a vector (e.g. a mosquito or fly) or an intermediate host (e.g. tapeworm in pigs can be transmitted to humans who ingest improperly cooked pork). Indirect transmission could involve zoonoses or, more typically, larger pathogens like macroparasites with more complex life cycles.
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