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Viral pathogenesis
Viral pathogenesis

... -Fourth, important way by which viruses evade our host defenses is by having multiple antigenic types (also known as multiple serotypes). The clinical importance of a virus having multiple serotypes is that a patient can be infected with one serotype, recover, and have antibodies that protect from ...
Metaorganisms as the new frontier
Metaorganisms as the new frontier

... that can occur either in the host and/or in the microbial symbiont genomes can then be transmitted to offspring. In addition to the known modes of variation, i.e., sexual recombination, chromosomal rearrangement and mutation, variation in the holobiont can also occur via two mechanisms that are spec ...
a prospective cohort study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection
a prospective cohort study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection

... ABR-Scan Science Week 21-23 Unit for Antibiotics and Infection Control This ABR-Scan Science is compiled by the Unit for Antibiotics and Infection Control at the Public Health Agency of Sweden. It includes a summary of links to recent articles from a selection of 17 scientific journals that we find ...
HPAI: Clinical Signs
HPAI: Clinical Signs

... Only subtypes H5 and H7 of influenza A virus recently defined as highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) that have caused AI in poultry. ...
Clinical Oral Microbiology
Clinical Oral Microbiology

...  Currently 20 Lancefield groups are recognized (A–H and K–V) but not all are equally important as human pathogens. The following are worthy of note:  Group A includes the important human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes  Group B contains one species, S. agalactiae, an inhabitant of the female geni ...
Lecture 14: SDL Occupational Lung Dz
Lecture 14: SDL Occupational Lung Dz

... ii. Asbestos-related diseases may develop after a latency of up to 20 years. iii. On physical examination, persistent and dry inspiratory crackling/rales are the most important finding. As fibrosis worsens, shortness of breath occurs even at rest iv. risk of asbestos exposure is not just limited to ...
Bacteria
Bacteria

... Three ways that bacteria can exchange and acquire new combinations of DNA 1. Transformation  2. Conjugation  3. Transduction ...
Genes Lost and Genes Found: Evolution of Bacterial Pathogenesis
Genes Lost and Genes Found: Evolution of Bacterial Pathogenesis

... adaptation through natural selection, and ultimately generating diversity among species. Although such processes must contribute to the initial development of gene functions and their subsequent fine-tuning, changes in genome repertoire, occurring through gene acquisition and deletion, are the major ...
File
File

...  The body has different ways of protecting itself against pathogens  The first defence is passive immunity – aimed at stopping the pathogen getting into the body in the first place  The body’s passive immunity system includes:  Skin  Mucus and cilia (tiny hairs) in the respiratory system  Acid ...
MRSA - Children`s Mercy Kansas City
MRSA - Children`s Mercy Kansas City

... Healthy children can carry MRSA even if they have no risk factors such as skin disease, underlying antibiotic exposure or other underlying illness. Sometimes these healthy children will develop skin infection and antibiotic treatment might be necessary. Why are hospitals concerned about MRSA? Resist ...
1 The evolution of heritable symbionts
1 The evolution of heritable symbionts

... symbionts associated with bacteriocytes whose presence is required by the host. Often these insects contain a number of different symbiont associations, but the obligate bacteriocyte-associated symbionts are known as `primary' symbionts. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes from these primary ...
L13 Classical and variant infectious bronchitis viruses: epidemiology
L13 Classical and variant infectious bronchitis viruses: epidemiology

... strains globally. Based on serotyping and genotyping, the current population of IBVs can be grouped into three main segments; i) the classical strains, basically Massachusetts or related viruses that present worldwide, ii) the variant IBVs that are of global importance (eg. 793B, QX, Q1), and iii) r ...
Short Paper on a Specific Disease
Short Paper on a Specific Disease

... Struthers, J.K., and R.P. Westran. 2003. Clinical Bacteriology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. Tierno, P.M. 2001. The Secret Life of Germs: Observations and Lessons from a Microbe Hunter. Simon and Schuster, Inc., New York, NY. B. Rationale for the new course: Part of the inspiration for this course aro ...
Ebola - Guidance for Dental Care Teams
Ebola - Guidance for Dental Care Teams

... determine whether patients have recently been in Ebola affected areas. The most effective way of determining this is to ask the patient directly. It is however recognised that many patients in general dental practice will be known to the practice and the practice will have a sound understanding of t ...
What is Photosynthesis?
What is Photosynthesis?

... During conjugation, one prokaryote acts as a donor, transferring DNA to the recipient. In this photo, two Escherichia coli are connected by a long sex pilus. The sex pilus will retract, drawing the recipient bacterium (at right) to the donor bacterium. The donor bacterium is bristling with non-sex p ...
pathology_of_bacterial_diseases._course_no._401._by_dr
pathology_of_bacterial_diseases._course_no._401._by_dr

... Granulomatous inflammation.  Necrotizing inflammation.  ...
Myopericarditis Caused by H1N1 Virus Infection
Myopericarditis Caused by H1N1 Virus Infection

... The most commonly seen symptoms, which spreads by droplets, are fever with sudden onset, coughing, sore throat and fatigue. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is used for diagnosis (4). Clinical presentation can vary from subclinical status, similarly to seasonal influenza, to severe conditions like re ...
11th International Verticillium Symposium 2013
11th International Verticillium Symposium 2013

... longisporum, sequencing and genomic study of V. albo-atrum (causing wilt on hops) are also currently undertaken in Slovenia. Next step up in genetic analysis of wilt pathogens is transcriptome analysis, i.e. characterising those genes that have been transcribed into proteins during key development s ...
Mosquito management
Mosquito management

... Mosquitoes can spread diseases to humans such as Ross River virus, Dengue Fever, Zika virus and Malaria. Heartworm in dogs is also transmitted by mosquitoes. Some mosquitoes are active during the day but most are active around dusk. Your chances of being bitten by mosquitoes at this time are very hi ...
Occupational Lung Diseases
Occupational Lung Diseases

... OLDs have been recognized for centuries. Lung illness was realized to be part of miner’s life even in the 16th century. Governments of many countries have implemented formal policies of workers’ compensation. The relationship between exposure at work and disease is underestimated. ...
Homeopathic Alternative To Vaccines
Homeopathic Alternative To Vaccines

... again homeopathy offers the best solution. Believe me, it has been shown again and again that our medicines given intelligently and according to our law that 'like cures like' do not only cure infectious diseases speedily and easily without the development of any complications, but they also prevent ...
Infections of the Respiratory System – Dr. Dler
Infections of the Respiratory System – Dr. Dler

... case definition of community-acquired pneumonia.  The incidence varies with age, being much higher in the very young and very old, in whom the mortality rates are also much higher.  Most cases are spread by droplet infection and occur in previously healthy individuals but several factors may impai ...
BOARD REVIEW id part 1
BOARD REVIEW id part 1

... panel in an adolescent, often is the result of rapid bone growth during the pubertal growth spurt. Therefore, it is important to correlate the value with the Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR) rather than with chronologic age. ...
TB - Tuberculosis Prevention Project
TB - Tuberculosis Prevention Project

... What problems may IDUs face during the TB treatment? (2) 2. TB treatment is long; During minimum 6 months patient should receive TB drugs daily (intensive phase) or 3 times in week (intermediate phase); This is ensured by directly observed treatment (DOT), for which patient should visit TB facility; ...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and pregnancy: Two
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and pregnancy: Two

... because their diseases were mild in severity. It is known that some diseases carry high risks of mortality during pregnancy, childhood, and senility. Since there were only case reports regarding CCHF during pregnancy, the impact of pregnancy ...
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Transmission (medicine)

In medicine and biology, transmission is the passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.The term usually refers to the transmission of microorganisms directly from one individual to another by one or more of the following means: droplet contact – coughing or sneezing on another individual direct physical contact – touching an infected individual, including sexual contact indirect physical contact – usually by touching soil contamination or a contaminated surface (fomite) airborne transmission – if the microorganism can remain in the air for long periods fecal-oral transmission – usually from unwashed hands, contaminated food or water sources due to lack of sanitation and hygiene, an important transmission route in pediatrics, veterinary medicine and developing countries.Transmission can also be indirect, via another organism, either a vector (e.g. a mosquito or fly) or an intermediate host (e.g. tapeworm in pigs can be transmitted to humans who ingest improperly cooked pork). Indirect transmission could involve zoonoses or, more typically, larger pathogens like macroparasites with more complex life cycles.
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