Primary B-Cell Deficiencies Reveal a Link between Human IL
... We evaluated, for the first time, the frequency of circulating Th17 cells in CVID. Our CVID cohort (Table 1) featured the characteristic impairment of GC organization and generation of B-cell memory, demonstrated by the striking decrease in the frequency of switched-memory B cells, accumulation of C ...
... We evaluated, for the first time, the frequency of circulating Th17 cells in CVID. Our CVID cohort (Table 1) featured the characteristic impairment of GC organization and generation of B-cell memory, demonstrated by the striking decrease in the frequency of switched-memory B cells, accumulation of C ...
T cells - Amazon S3
... Antibody molecules produce antibodymediated immunity (humoral immunity) within plasma Antibodies resist disease first by recognizing foreign or abnormal substances (Figure 21-19) ...
... Antibody molecules produce antibodymediated immunity (humoral immunity) within plasma Antibodies resist disease first by recognizing foreign or abnormal substances (Figure 21-19) ...
Multiple Mechanisms of Immune Suppression by B
... naive animals or those sensitized with an irrelevant antigen did not suppress the immune response to subsequent antigenic challenge. More recently, the protein TIM-1 (T-cell Ig domain and mucin domain protein 1) was reported to identify 70% of IL-10–producing B cells, making this marker the most spe ...
... naive animals or those sensitized with an irrelevant antigen did not suppress the immune response to subsequent antigenic challenge. More recently, the protein TIM-1 (T-cell Ig domain and mucin domain protein 1) was reported to identify 70% of IL-10–producing B cells, making this marker the most spe ...
Immunogenicity of Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their
... Identical HLA phenotype is not sufficient to guarantee graft survival. The role of non-HLA histocompatibility antigens such as minor histocompatibility antigens (miHA) in the context of immunological rejection of pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives remains murky. miHAs are peptides derived ...
... Identical HLA phenotype is not sufficient to guarantee graft survival. The role of non-HLA histocompatibility antigens such as minor histocompatibility antigens (miHA) in the context of immunological rejection of pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives remains murky. miHAs are peptides derived ...
T-cell exhaustion in allograft rejection and tolerance
... might receive further ‘instruction’ at the site of action to become fully activated, generate effective memory and avoid exhaustion. Indeed, recent studies [50 ,51,52 ] confirm that exposure to inflammatory cytokines (type I interferon, IL-12 and IL-18 – a product of inflammasome activation) program ...
... might receive further ‘instruction’ at the site of action to become fully activated, generate effective memory and avoid exhaustion. Indeed, recent studies [50 ,51,52 ] confirm that exposure to inflammatory cytokines (type I interferon, IL-12 and IL-18 – a product of inflammasome activation) program ...
Regulatory T-lymphocytes in asthma REVIEW A.J.M. van Oosterhout* and N. Bloksma
... ABSTRACT: T-helper cell type (Th)2 lymphocytes play an important role in the initiation, progression and persistence of allergic diseases, including asthma. However, little is known about immunoregulatory mechanisms that determine susceptibility to, severity of, or persistence of asthma. The concept ...
... ABSTRACT: T-helper cell type (Th)2 lymphocytes play an important role in the initiation, progression and persistence of allergic diseases, including asthma. However, little is known about immunoregulatory mechanisms that determine susceptibility to, severity of, or persistence of asthma. The concept ...
the innate immunity in bovine mastitis
... The innate immune system represents the first line of defense in the host response to infection and is poised to immediately recognize and respond to the earliest stages of infection. The inherent capability of the innate system to respond to a vast number of pathogens is mediated by its ability to ...
... The innate immune system represents the first line of defense in the host response to infection and is poised to immediately recognize and respond to the earliest stages of infection. The inherent capability of the innate system to respond to a vast number of pathogens is mediated by its ability to ...
thesis
... The mammalian pregnancy is a challenge to the maternal immune system since acceptance of the semiallogeneic fetus during pregnancy can be viewed as the only naturally occurring transplantation. Due to genetic imprinting, the placenta, a fetal organ essential for pregnancy success and the utmost bord ...
... The mammalian pregnancy is a challenge to the maternal immune system since acceptance of the semiallogeneic fetus during pregnancy can be viewed as the only naturally occurring transplantation. Due to genetic imprinting, the placenta, a fetal organ essential for pregnancy success and the utmost bord ...
CD4 and CD8: modulators of T-cell receptor
... Although CD8 can form cxa homodimers, the major species expressed on the surface of mature M H C class I-restricted T cells is a heterodimer of et and 13. CD8~ null mice develop only -20% of the normal numbers of peripheral CD8 ÷ cells, indicating that the CD81~ polypeptide supplies a unique functio ...
... Although CD8 can form cxa homodimers, the major species expressed on the surface of mature M H C class I-restricted T cells is a heterodimer of et and 13. CD8~ null mice develop only -20% of the normal numbers of peripheral CD8 ÷ cells, indicating that the CD81~ polypeptide supplies a unique functio ...
immunoregulation (ir)
... Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Although the causes for IBD remain obscure, there is evidence that IBD results from abnormal immune responses to the gut microbiota in individuals with genetic predisposit ...
... Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Although the causes for IBD remain obscure, there is evidence that IBD results from abnormal immune responses to the gut microbiota in individuals with genetic predisposit ...
The potential protective immune responses to synthetic peptides
... Summary. The immunodominant and T-cell epitopes within the fimbrial subunit protein (fimbrilin) of Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 38 1 were analysed by multi-pin peptide synthesis technology. Six regions with immunodominant epitopes within a sequence of 337 amino acids that reacted with the serum o ...
... Summary. The immunodominant and T-cell epitopes within the fimbrial subunit protein (fimbrilin) of Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 38 1 were analysed by multi-pin peptide synthesis technology. Six regions with immunodominant epitopes within a sequence of 337 amino acids that reacted with the serum o ...
Immunological and fibrotic mechanisms in Cardiac Allograft
... macrophages and endothelial cells19. By invading the endothelial cells in the arteries, a pro-CAV state can be created. This pro-CAV state is established in various ways. CMV infection contributes not only by activation of the host’s immune system but also by upregulation of adhesion molecules on th ...
... macrophages and endothelial cells19. By invading the endothelial cells in the arteries, a pro-CAV state can be created. This pro-CAV state is established in various ways. CMV infection contributes not only by activation of the host’s immune system but also by upregulation of adhesion molecules on th ...
A regulatory dendritic cell signature correlates with the clinical
... Anne Louise, PhD, He France, and Vienna, Austria Background: Given their pivotal role in the polarization of T-cell responses, molecular changes at the level of dendritic cells (DCs) could represent an early signature indicative of the subsequent orientation of adaptive immune responses during immun ...
... Anne Louise, PhD, He France, and Vienna, Austria Background: Given their pivotal role in the polarization of T-cell responses, molecular changes at the level of dendritic cells (DCs) could represent an early signature indicative of the subsequent orientation of adaptive immune responses during immun ...
No Slide Title - Mercury Science
... assay, and the shipping and processing times involved. What is needed to address this issue is a means of directly testing for saxitoxins using an inexpensive, rapid field test. ...
... assay, and the shipping and processing times involved. What is needed to address this issue is a means of directly testing for saxitoxins using an inexpensive, rapid field test. ...
Full-Text PDF
... maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, and the effects of probiotics on IgA levels in the gastrointestinal tract. ...
... maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, and the effects of probiotics on IgA levels in the gastrointestinal tract. ...
PHENOTYPIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL BIOMARKERS IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION Isabel Puig-Pey Comas
... injury, organ preservation techniques, and immunological mechanisms underlying rejection and graft function, together with a more individualized immunosuppressive therapy have been combined to progressively increase the success of the human allotransplantation. 1.1 History of clinical transplantatio ...
... injury, organ preservation techniques, and immunological mechanisms underlying rejection and graft function, together with a more individualized immunosuppressive therapy have been combined to progressively increase the success of the human allotransplantation. 1.1 History of clinical transplantatio ...
Diefenbach, A., E.R. Jensen, A.M. Jamieson, and D.H. Raulet. 2001. Rae1 and H60 ligands of the NKG2D receptor stimulate tumour immunity. Nature 413:165-171.
... 485 Life Sciences Addition, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA ...
... 485 Life Sciences Addition, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA ...
The challenges of modelling antibody repertoire dynamics in HIV
... mutation in response to an initial autologous antibody response. At around 12–15 months post infection, antibodies that target the glycan were detected in the individual’s sera. This suggests that selection for antibodies against the escape variant occurred, albeit with a lag of more than six months ...
... mutation in response to an initial autologous antibody response. At around 12–15 months post infection, antibodies that target the glycan were detected in the individual’s sera. This suggests that selection for antibodies against the escape variant occurred, albeit with a lag of more than six months ...
Atypical MHC class II-expressing antigen
... (~3 weeks) that were supplemented with IL‑3 alone21. By contrast, later studies used long-term bone marrow cultures that were supplemented with both IL‑3 and stem cell factor (SCF; also known as KIT ligand). Many of the cells derived from the short-term cultures expressed FcεRI but lacked the mast/s ...
... (~3 weeks) that were supplemented with IL‑3 alone21. By contrast, later studies used long-term bone marrow cultures that were supplemented with both IL‑3 and stem cell factor (SCF; also known as KIT ligand). Many of the cells derived from the short-term cultures expressed FcεRI but lacked the mast/s ...
T Cell Expression of MyD88 Is + CD4 Essential for Normal Resolution of
... murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, which demonstrated that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell survival was reduced in the absence of intrinsic expression of MyD88 (44, 45). A requirement for MyD88 expression by CD4+ T cells was also demonstrated in a model of colitis where MyD88-defi ...
... murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, which demonstrated that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell survival was reduced in the absence of intrinsic expression of MyD88 (44, 45). A requirement for MyD88 expression by CD4+ T cells was also demonstrated in a model of colitis where MyD88-defi ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.