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11-1notes
11-1notes

... Specific Immunity  Innate Immunity: Immunity present at birth  Adaptive Immunity: immunity developed during life ...
Immunology in Head and Neck Cancer
Immunology in Head and Neck Cancer

... – combined with chemotherapy – enhances antitumor effects of other cytokines ...
IMMUNITY- humoral immunity, or antibody
IMMUNITY- humoral immunity, or antibody

... an antibody can bind to, and how that class of antibody will function. ii. Antibody classes. There are 5 1. classification is based on the C regions (constant regions) 2. different classifications have different roles. For example, some are only found in secretions, some pass the placental barrier. ...


... Vaccines use ________________ or __________________ microbes to stimulate the immune system to fight __________________. The immune system will now have a _____________________ (or secondary immune response) to destroy any antigens which again invade the body at a later time. Explain the chief mecha ...
School Sores
School Sores

... MHC I found on all nucleated cells and presents antigens found in cytosol ■ Recognized by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (macrophage and B cell stimulation) MHC II found only on APCs and presents antigens found in vesicles ■ Recognized by cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (kills infected cells) ...
PowerPoint **
PowerPoint **

... Pyroptosis---a highly inflammatory form of cell death that lures more CD4 T cells to the area, thereby creating a vicious cycle that ultimately wreaks havoc on the immune system. IFI16, which is known to be part of the protein complex that initiates inflammatory immune responses. An existing caspas ...
IMMUNOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY

View Sample Pages - Plural Publishing
View Sample Pages - Plural Publishing

... against different types of infections and malfunctions that result in immunological disorders. Since we are constantly exposed to innumerable microorganisms (normal microflora or pathogenic ones), our immune system has to identify foreign pathogens from self and prevent them from causing disease. Th ...
Nonspecific host defence factors.med.10 ppt
Nonspecific host defence factors.med.10 ppt

... Host defenses are composed of two complementary, frequently interacting systems: (1)innate (nonspecific) defenses, which protect against microorganisms in general, and (2) acquired (specific) immunity, which protects against a particular microorganism. ...
When a person breaks a bone, suffers infection organ damage or
When a person breaks a bone, suffers infection organ damage or

... Lowering the blood brain barrierto-entry for autologous immune cells When a person breaks a bone, suffers infection organ damage or other injury, the body mounts an immune response, cleaning up the dead and damaged cells, killing bacteria and cells infected with viruses, and stimulating re-growth an ...
There are
There are

... water? How do they lose it? What adaptations do they have to minimize water loss and dehydration? What are nitrogenous wastes? What are the 3 types of nitrogenous wastes made by animals? Which ones do humans make? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each waste product? fig 25.6. What is Go ...
eating worms may inhibit Allergies, Asthma and
eating worms may inhibit Allergies, Asthma and

Immune System
Immune System

Immune System
Immune System

... A germ is still a germ…. Pathogen=agent that causes disease 2. Antigen= foreign particle that triggers an immune response - often they are proteins on the surface of viruses and bacteria ...
Lec.2 Dr.Maysem M.Alwash Hypersensitivity Reaction s (cont.)
Lec.2 Dr.Maysem M.Alwash Hypersensitivity Reaction s (cont.)

The Human Immune response
The Human Immune response

... release of excessive amounts of histamine, an anti-inflammatory agent, which causes blood vessels to dilate. A normal allergic reaction involves redness, runny nose, and itchy eyes. Taking antihistamines can normally can counteract these symptoms. However, sometimes an acute allergic response can re ...
vasculature-lecture
vasculature-lecture

Medical Immunology
Medical Immunology

... Antigen–BCR complexes are internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis and degraded to peptides, which are bound by class II MHC and presented as peptide–MHC complexes. Th cell recognizes Ag–class II MHC and B7-CD28 co-stimulation on Bcell membrane which activates TH cell. Th cell begins to express ...
Comparative Vertebrate Physiology
Comparative Vertebrate Physiology

... Inject a bacteria into an animal It raises proteins (antibodies against the infection Serum containing antibodies protects other animals not previously exposed ...
Immune System Powerpoint
Immune System Powerpoint

... – T Cells (B.M. then thymus) ...
File - BIOLOGY Mound
File - BIOLOGY Mound

... • macrophages are white blood cells. They bind to antigens on the surface of the pathogen and engulf them through phagocytosis. • These cells attack anything that is not us (this causes problems for transplant patients). This is a non-specific immune response. ...
Slide 1 - Cloudfront.net
Slide 1 - Cloudfront.net

... causing them to prepare for possible attack by producing substances that interfere with viral replication; it is species specific. ...
Aankondiging_Immuno_7nov
Aankondiging_Immuno_7nov

... and thus determines the outcome of antigen-specific responses. Specific immune responses are driven by antigen-specific T cells, which do not only expand after initial MHC-dependent antigen contact, but do also polarize into effector cells.These differentiated cells are characterized by their functi ...
Infectious Diseases PPT
Infectious Diseases PPT

... New viruses will continue to circulate throughout the human host and infect other healthy cells ...
Chapter 13 - Dr. Jennifer Capers
Chapter 13 - Dr. Jennifer Capers

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Immune system



The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.
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