Project name: Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in
... They are one of the first effector cells to arrive at the site of infection and play critical roles in pathogen clearance, recruitment, as well as in activation of other immune cells. To combat microbes, neutrophils employ three major strategies: the well-known (1) phagocytosis and (2) degranulation ...
... They are one of the first effector cells to arrive at the site of infection and play critical roles in pathogen clearance, recruitment, as well as in activation of other immune cells. To combat microbes, neutrophils employ three major strategies: the well-known (1) phagocytosis and (2) degranulation ...
Document
... In both humans and house mice, the antigen-binding site (ABS) of class I and II MHC molecules (light blue) have a high rate of nonsynonymous versus synonymous nucleotide substitutions, which is the opposite pattern for genes under purifying selection, such as nonantigen-binding sites of MHC molecule ...
... In both humans and house mice, the antigen-binding site (ABS) of class I and II MHC molecules (light blue) have a high rate of nonsynonymous versus synonymous nucleotide substitutions, which is the opposite pattern for genes under purifying selection, such as nonantigen-binding sites of MHC molecule ...
1. seminar 2011
... origin: pluripotent cells of the bone marrow lymphoid progenitors maturation: bursa equivalent tissues (embrionic liver, later bone marrow) -localization: takes 5-10% of the circulating lymphocytes; migrate from the bone marrow to the secondary lymphatic organs thorugh the circulation - antigen pres ...
... origin: pluripotent cells of the bone marrow lymphoid progenitors maturation: bursa equivalent tissues (embrionic liver, later bone marrow) -localization: takes 5-10% of the circulating lymphocytes; migrate from the bone marrow to the secondary lymphatic organs thorugh the circulation - antigen pres ...
The Mind
... may themselves turn into stressors capable of producing disease. We are just beginning to understand the many ways in ..16.. the brain and the immune system are interdependent, how they help to regulate and counter regulate each other and how they ..17.. can malfunction and produce disease. The stre ...
... may themselves turn into stressors capable of producing disease. We are just beginning to understand the many ways in ..16.. the brain and the immune system are interdependent, how they help to regulate and counter regulate each other and how they ..17.. can malfunction and produce disease. The stre ...
Investigating Leukocyte Dynamic Response to Stimuli in an - Q-bio
... Knowledge concerning changes in species transport provides information on the current state of the leukocytes which can lead to a more thorough understanding of a particular cell’s biology. II. RESULTS The integration of these two technologies has begun by means of offline experimental set-ups and s ...
... Knowledge concerning changes in species transport provides information on the current state of the leukocytes which can lead to a more thorough understanding of a particular cell’s biology. II. RESULTS The integration of these two technologies has begun by means of offline experimental set-ups and s ...
4th Lecture
... before entering the bloodstream where they circulate for about 10 h and then enter the tissues where they perform effector functions for about 1–2 days PMNs are capable of passing through the cell membrane of blood vessels and thereby represent a primary line of defense against infectious agents ...
... before entering the bloodstream where they circulate for about 10 h and then enter the tissues where they perform effector functions for about 1–2 days PMNs are capable of passing through the cell membrane of blood vessels and thereby represent a primary line of defense against infectious agents ...
Introduction to a review series on advances in cell
... able to confer new properties on them. In step with these advances, a deeper understanding of the behavior of immune cells has grown in the context of stem cell transplantation where it is clear that T cells are key to controlling reactivation of dormant viruses after transplantation. In the field of ...
... able to confer new properties on them. In step with these advances, a deeper understanding of the behavior of immune cells has grown in the context of stem cell transplantation where it is clear that T cells are key to controlling reactivation of dormant viruses after transplantation. In the field of ...
PRESS RELEASE 2011-10-03 The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
... If microorganisms break through this defense line, adaptive immunity is called into action. With its T and B cells, it produces antibodies and killer cells that destroy infected cells. After successfully combating the infectious assault, our adaptive immune system maintains an immunologic memory tha ...
... If microorganisms break through this defense line, adaptive immunity is called into action. With its T and B cells, it produces antibodies and killer cells that destroy infected cells. After successfully combating the infectious assault, our adaptive immune system maintains an immunologic memory tha ...
The hygiene hypothesis revisited
... is normal respiration. Likewise, the existence of immune paMuch evidence for the hygiene hypothesis has been accumu- thologies such as allergic and autoimmune diseases suggests lated. The necessity of interaction with ambient microorganisms the existence of normal interactions of the immune system i ...
... is normal respiration. Likewise, the existence of immune paMuch evidence for the hygiene hypothesis has been accumu- thologies such as allergic and autoimmune diseases suggests lated. The necessity of interaction with ambient microorganisms the existence of normal interactions of the immune system i ...
Chapter 15: Innate Immunity 1. Overview of Innate Immunity 2. Inflammation & Phagocytosis
... was characterized first and activates C3 as follows: • specific antibody binds to the surface of a target cell • this activates C1 which then splits C2 into C2a & C2b, and C4 into C4a and C4b • C2a & C4b form a complex which then cleaves C3 setting off the formation of the MAC ...
... was characterized first and activates C3 as follows: • specific antibody binds to the surface of a target cell • this activates C1 which then splits C2 into C2a & C2b, and C4 into C4a and C4b • C2a & C4b form a complex which then cleaves C3 setting off the formation of the MAC ...
topic 11 notes
... primary infection. This takes time to get high levels of the specific b cells needed so you get sick, then hopefully the immune response wins. • A second infection of the same pathogen causes the memory cells to respond quickly, preventing you from getting sick. ...
... primary infection. This takes time to get high levels of the specific b cells needed so you get sick, then hopefully the immune response wins. • A second infection of the same pathogen causes the memory cells to respond quickly, preventing you from getting sick. ...
1st - structure of the immune system 2012-13
... origin: pluripotent cells of the bone marrow lymphoid progenitors maturation: bursa equivalent tissues (embrionic liver, later bone marrow) -localization: takes 5-10% of the circulating lymphocytes; migrate from the bone marrow to the secondary lymphatic organs thorugh the circulation - antigen pres ...
... origin: pluripotent cells of the bone marrow lymphoid progenitors maturation: bursa equivalent tissues (embrionic liver, later bone marrow) -localization: takes 5-10% of the circulating lymphocytes; migrate from the bone marrow to the secondary lymphatic organs thorugh the circulation - antigen pres ...
1. seminar 2012
... origin: pluripotent cells of the bone marrow lymphoid progenitors maturation: bursa equivalent tissues (embrionic liver, later bone marrow) -localization: takes 5-10% of the circulating lymphocytes; migrate from the bone marrow to the secondary lymphatic organs thorugh the circulation - antigen pres ...
... origin: pluripotent cells of the bone marrow lymphoid progenitors maturation: bursa equivalent tissues (embrionic liver, later bone marrow) -localization: takes 5-10% of the circulating lymphocytes; migrate from the bone marrow to the secondary lymphatic organs thorugh the circulation - antigen pres ...
Size effect of spherical gold nanoparticles on lymph node
... properties of nanomaterials might be determining factors in the induction of immune response, their ultimate influence on the immune response has not been definitively established and rational vaccine design is challenging. Here, we studied the effect of gold nanoparticle size on lymph node delivery ...
... properties of nanomaterials might be determining factors in the induction of immune response, their ultimate influence on the immune response has not been definitively established and rational vaccine design is challenging. Here, we studied the effect of gold nanoparticle size on lymph node delivery ...
Questions from notes: IMMUNOLOGY
... 75. Which 2 Igs have 4 heavy chain domains instead of 3? 76. Does normal brain tissue contain Ig? 77. What is the structure of a BCR? 78. Why are the Igalpha/beta heterodimers necessary? 79. What is the repertoire? 80. Which chromosome holds the genes for heavy chains? 81. Are the principles of rear ...
... 75. Which 2 Igs have 4 heavy chain domains instead of 3? 76. Does normal brain tissue contain Ig? 77. What is the structure of a BCR? 78. Why are the Igalpha/beta heterodimers necessary? 79. What is the repertoire? 80. Which chromosome holds the genes for heavy chains? 81. Are the principles of rear ...
The Journal of Clinical Investigation
... CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS: Reach tumours in larger and lethal doses when delivered by an antibody. ENZYMES: convert "prodrugs" into cytotoxins will home to tumors when attached to antibodies GENETIC DRUGS: e.g. antisense DNA can be linked to antibodies directly or packaged into viral particles engineer ...
... CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS: Reach tumours in larger and lethal doses when delivered by an antibody. ENZYMES: convert "prodrugs" into cytotoxins will home to tumors when attached to antibodies GENETIC DRUGS: e.g. antisense DNA can be linked to antibodies directly or packaged into viral particles engineer ...
Powerpoint version
... The MHC is a set of genes that code for glycoproteins on cell membranes and mark cells as “self” ...
... The MHC is a set of genes that code for glycoproteins on cell membranes and mark cells as “self” ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.