Document
... Species Resistance – resistant to diseases that affect other species – unique chemical environment/temperature Mechanical barriers – unbroken skin/mucous membranes prevent entry ...
... Species Resistance – resistant to diseases that affect other species – unique chemical environment/temperature Mechanical barriers – unbroken skin/mucous membranes prevent entry ...
Haemophilus influenzae
... Protective immunity against microbes is mediated by the early reactions of innate immunity and the later responses of adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is stimulated by structures shared by groups of microbes. Adaptive immunity is specific for different microbial and nonmicrobial antigens and is i ...
... Protective immunity against microbes is mediated by the early reactions of innate immunity and the later responses of adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is stimulated by structures shared by groups of microbes. Adaptive immunity is specific for different microbial and nonmicrobial antigens and is i ...
341-541 - McDermott.doc
... students will answer an additional essay question with each exam. This question will present data from recent papers in the field and ask the student to interpret these data or form conclusions from the data. In addition, the student will be asked to apply this information to real world problems in ...
... students will answer an additional essay question with each exam. This question will present data from recent papers in the field and ask the student to interpret these data or form conclusions from the data. In addition, the student will be asked to apply this information to real world problems in ...
1. dia - Department of Immunology
... Physiological body temperature and fever inhibits growth of certain pathogens ...
... Physiological body temperature and fever inhibits growth of certain pathogens ...
Introduction to Blood
... - Specific antigen/MHC class I recognition by TCR on CTL, or engagement of the NK’s natural cytotoxic receptors (NCR) (green) by non-MHC ligands (orange) on the surface of the target cell. This results in a polarization of the cell: the actin cytoskeleton (green staining in the immunofluorescence mi ...
... - Specific antigen/MHC class I recognition by TCR on CTL, or engagement of the NK’s natural cytotoxic receptors (NCR) (green) by non-MHC ligands (orange) on the surface of the target cell. This results in a polarization of the cell: the actin cytoskeleton (green staining in the immunofluorescence mi ...
Non Specific Host Defense Mechanisms
... • Consequences of “C” activation: 1. Initiation/amplification of inflammation 2. Attraction of phagocytes to site 3. Activation of leukocytes 4. Lysis of bacteria/ foreign cells (target) 5. Opsonization (increased phagocytosis) ...
... • Consequences of “C” activation: 1. Initiation/amplification of inflammation 2. Attraction of phagocytes to site 3. Activation of leukocytes 4. Lysis of bacteria/ foreign cells (target) 5. Opsonization (increased phagocytosis) ...
innate immunity
... found in the 'V' (Variable) region and the 'C' (Constant) region. In the heavy-chain 'V' region there are three segments; V, D and J, which recombine randomly, in a process called VDJrecombination, to produce a unique variable domain in the immunoglobulin of each individual B cell. ...
... found in the 'V' (Variable) region and the 'C' (Constant) region. In the heavy-chain 'V' region there are three segments; V, D and J, which recombine randomly, in a process called VDJrecombination, to produce a unique variable domain in the immunoglobulin of each individual B cell. ...
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint
... • genes regulating immune responses • health condition of the host ...
... • genes regulating immune responses • health condition of the host ...
Eric, Amy Tyler and Nate
... The Helper T cells are a set within a set of T-Cells that identifies the virus entering the body. If it is a virus that has previously entered the body, after it is recognized it is quickly fought off. However, if it is a virus invading the body for the first time it is identified by the Helper T-Ce ...
... The Helper T cells are a set within a set of T-Cells that identifies the virus entering the body. If it is a virus that has previously entered the body, after it is recognized it is quickly fought off. However, if it is a virus invading the body for the first time it is identified by the Helper T-Ce ...
B-LYMPHOCYTES
... The body must be able to recognize the difference between “self” and “nonself.” (Any lymphocytes with antibodies that recognize one’s own body tissue as an antigen ar ekilled during fetal life.) ...
... The body must be able to recognize the difference between “self” and “nonself.” (Any lymphocytes with antibodies that recognize one’s own body tissue as an antigen ar ekilled during fetal life.) ...
17. The Immune Response
... 3. Some attach to the invader, making the microbe less soluble and more attractive to leukocytes (Fig. 2c) Another group of WBCs, called lymphocytes, produces antibodies Antibodies are protein molecules that protect the body from invaders All cells have special markers on their cell membranes, but t ...
... 3. Some attach to the invader, making the microbe less soluble and more attractive to leukocytes (Fig. 2c) Another group of WBCs, called lymphocytes, produces antibodies Antibodies are protein molecules that protect the body from invaders All cells have special markers on their cell membranes, but t ...
Immun System/PART 2 The immune adaptive defense system
... represented to the reactive lymphocytes, There are two types of antigen representation either in T-or Blymphocyte IF this Ag in T-lymphocytes-dependent-antigen, whithin1-2 days the T-cell begin to undergo BLASTOGENESIS, this response give rise to a large population of antigen-sensitive cell.some of ...
... represented to the reactive lymphocytes, There are two types of antigen representation either in T-or Blymphocyte IF this Ag in T-lymphocytes-dependent-antigen, whithin1-2 days the T-cell begin to undergo BLASTOGENESIS, this response give rise to a large population of antigen-sensitive cell.some of ...
Commensalism • Benefits both the host and the commensal
... Skin Natural killer cells Lymphocytes B & T Cells Mucous membrane Phagocytic WBC Antibodies Microbiota Inflammation Fever Antimicrobial substances Barriers to Infection SKIN MUCOUS MEMBRANE Physical barrier, stratified Mucus prevents attachment Low moisture & increased salt ...
... Skin Natural killer cells Lymphocytes B & T Cells Mucous membrane Phagocytic WBC Antibodies Microbiota Inflammation Fever Antimicrobial substances Barriers to Infection SKIN MUCOUS MEMBRANE Physical barrier, stratified Mucus prevents attachment Low moisture & increased salt ...
Immunology
... provided for topics we will cover and consist of a series of questions pertaining to the topic. As we finish a topic, answers to the questions posed on the Objective Sheets will be due the next class period and will be worth up to 1 extra credit point each (15-20/semester). Extra credit points will ...
... provided for topics we will cover and consist of a series of questions pertaining to the topic. As we finish a topic, answers to the questions posed on the Objective Sheets will be due the next class period and will be worth up to 1 extra credit point each (15-20/semester). Extra credit points will ...
The clonal selection hypothesis is a widely accepted
... the first to name it "clonal selection theory. " Burnet explained immunological memory as the cloning of two types of lymphocyte. One clone acts immediately to combat infection whilst the other is longer lasting, remaining in the immune system for a long time, which results in immunity to that antig ...
... the first to name it "clonal selection theory. " Burnet explained immunological memory as the cloning of two types of lymphocyte. One clone acts immediately to combat infection whilst the other is longer lasting, remaining in the immune system for a long time, which results in immunity to that antig ...
Lymphatic System - Belle Vernon Area School District
... A. True organs 1. ______________ tissue containing lymphocytes (white blood cells) B. Lymph Node ...
... A. True organs 1. ______________ tissue containing lymphocytes (white blood cells) B. Lymph Node ...
Introduction_to_Infection_and_Immunity_part_two
... the bone marrow exclusively after birth; they “mature” when they come into contact with a specific antigen Activated B cells develop into plasma cells; plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood; circulating antibodies provide immunity ...
... the bone marrow exclusively after birth; they “mature” when they come into contact with a specific antigen Activated B cells develop into plasma cells; plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood; circulating antibodies provide immunity ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.