Slide 1
... • Recognize and kill other cells of the body—why? • Those cells are infected by virus or other intra-cellular pathogen • Cells “process” antigen from virus and “present” it on cell surface embedded in cell membrane so that TCR’s or antibodies can “recognize” that non-self antigen ...
... • Recognize and kill other cells of the body—why? • Those cells are infected by virus or other intra-cellular pathogen • Cells “process” antigen from virus and “present” it on cell surface embedded in cell membrane so that TCR’s or antibodies can “recognize” that non-self antigen ...
Cell-mediated Immunity
... • A principal role of CMI is to detect and eliminate cells that harbor intracellular pathogens • The same CMI mechanisms detect and eliminate other “nonself” cells in the body, including tumor cells and cells within transplanted organs • Effector cells that mediate CMI include TH cell subsets (TH1, ...
... • A principal role of CMI is to detect and eliminate cells that harbor intracellular pathogens • The same CMI mechanisms detect and eliminate other “nonself” cells in the body, including tumor cells and cells within transplanted organs • Effector cells that mediate CMI include TH cell subsets (TH1, ...
B cell activation and antibody production
... 1). Antigen is taken up by dendritic cells and presented to helper T cells. 2). Helper T cells are activeated and induced to express membrane proteins (CD40L) and cytokines. 3). Activated helper T cells are instructed to migrate toward the ...
... 1). Antigen is taken up by dendritic cells and presented to helper T cells. 2). Helper T cells are activeated and induced to express membrane proteins (CD40L) and cytokines. 3). Activated helper T cells are instructed to migrate toward the ...
Freeman 1e: How we got there
... that induce an immune response. Molecular size, complexity, and physical form are intrinsic properties of immunogens. • Molecular size is an important component of immunogenicity. For example, low-molecularweight compounds called haptens cannot induce an immune response but can bind to antibodies. B ...
... that induce an immune response. Molecular size, complexity, and physical form are intrinsic properties of immunogens. • Molecular size is an important component of immunogenicity. For example, low-molecularweight compounds called haptens cannot induce an immune response but can bind to antibodies. B ...
Autoreactive Memory Stem T Cells in Type 1
... Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a chronic autoimmune destruction of insulinproducing pancreatic beta cells. It is now widely accepted that autoreactive T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Consequently, T cells are also major targets of immunomodulatory strategies th ...
... Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a chronic autoimmune destruction of insulinproducing pancreatic beta cells. It is now widely accepted that autoreactive T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Consequently, T cells are also major targets of immunomodulatory strategies th ...
Innate Immunity - Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine
... Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors that bind molecular patterns common to multiple infectious microorganisms. Phagocytes use these receptors to distinguish self from inflammatory non-self material. ...
... Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors that bind molecular patterns common to multiple infectious microorganisms. Phagocytes use these receptors to distinguish self from inflammatory non-self material. ...
Lac 2
... When the immune system encounters foreign cells or tissue, it responds strongly to rid the host of the invaders.However, in some cases, the transplantation of cells or an organ from another individual, although viewed by the immune system as a foreign invasion, may be the only possible treatment for ...
... When the immune system encounters foreign cells or tissue, it responds strongly to rid the host of the invaders.However, in some cases, the transplantation of cells or an organ from another individual, although viewed by the immune system as a foreign invasion, may be the only possible treatment for ...
Innate Immunity - Ohio University
... • Synthesis and secretion of cytokines/chemokines • Phagocytosis (binding and engulfment of particles) • Intralysosomal digestion and killing of ingested material. – Antigen presentation to lymphocytes ...
... • Synthesis and secretion of cytokines/chemokines • Phagocytosis (binding and engulfment of particles) • Intralysosomal digestion and killing of ingested material. – Antigen presentation to lymphocytes ...
Chapter 8: The Immune Response
... the immune system will produce T lymphocytes that are sensitized to the antigen. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes will destroy the antigen, and T-memory cells will stay in the circulation and will recognize the antigen if the patient is exposed again. The humoral arm of the immune system produces B lymphocyt ...
... the immune system will produce T lymphocytes that are sensitized to the antigen. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes will destroy the antigen, and T-memory cells will stay in the circulation and will recognize the antigen if the patient is exposed again. The humoral arm of the immune system produces B lymphocyt ...
Lecture 2 - IMaGeS Lab
... Chemokines can be produced by a wide variety of cell types in response to bacterial products, viruses, and agents that cause physical damage. ...
... Chemokines can be produced by a wide variety of cell types in response to bacterial products, viruses, and agents that cause physical damage. ...
PHENOTYPICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF
... Although fish constitute the most ancient animal group in which an acquired immune system is present, the presence of dendritic cells (DCs) in teleost has only been briefly addressed and the identification of a specific DC subset in teleost remained elusive due to the lack of specific antibodies. In ...
... Although fish constitute the most ancient animal group in which an acquired immune system is present, the presence of dendritic cells (DCs) in teleost has only been briefly addressed and the identification of a specific DC subset in teleost remained elusive due to the lack of specific antibodies. In ...
MISSION DEBRIEFING: Teacher Guide
... cells involved fight off anything they recognize as foreign. When tissue is damaged by injury or infection, the inflammatory response causes the area to become red and inflamed. Blood flow to the area increases, which brings white blood cells, which are also called leucocytes, (loo-kuhsites) to the ...
... cells involved fight off anything they recognize as foreign. When tissue is damaged by injury or infection, the inflammatory response causes the area to become red and inflamed. Blood flow to the area increases, which brings white blood cells, which are also called leucocytes, (loo-kuhsites) to the ...
Belikov
... MPhs acquire repertoires of active enhancers that are instructed by the microenvironmental signals specific to given tissue… … which affects the regulatory landscape of a cell via the induction of specific trx factors, leading to the expression of genes involved in the unique functional pathways of ...
... MPhs acquire repertoires of active enhancers that are instructed by the microenvironmental signals specific to given tissue… … which affects the regulatory landscape of a cell via the induction of specific trx factors, leading to the expression of genes involved in the unique functional pathways of ...
activate B cells
... immune response Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies and is the arm of the adaptive immune response that functions to neutralize and eliminate extracellular microbes and microbial toxins. It is more important than cellular ...
... immune response Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies and is the arm of the adaptive immune response that functions to neutralize and eliminate extracellular microbes and microbial toxins. It is more important than cellular ...
The Immune System
... pathogens and is effective from the time of birth, and involves nonspecific responses to pathogens. Innate immunity consists of external barriers plus internal cellular and chemical defenses • Adaptive immunity, or acquired immunity, develops after exposure to agents such as microbes, toxins, or oth ...
... pathogens and is effective from the time of birth, and involves nonspecific responses to pathogens. Innate immunity consists of external barriers plus internal cellular and chemical defenses • Adaptive immunity, or acquired immunity, develops after exposure to agents such as microbes, toxins, or oth ...
Viruses - Ms. Franklin`s Classroom
... All viruses must undergo replication (copy the DNA) within the host cell. Viruses do not have their own proteins to be able to carry out this process on their own. Once the DNA is copied and made into proteins, all of the individual components of the virus are assembled within the host cell. The rep ...
... All viruses must undergo replication (copy the DNA) within the host cell. Viruses do not have their own proteins to be able to carry out this process on their own. Once the DNA is copied and made into proteins, all of the individual components of the virus are assembled within the host cell. The rep ...
Sept2_Lecture3
... Drosophila spp. Have well developed innate immune system The first defense molecules in evolutionary terms were probably antimicrobial peptides, produced by plants and animals ...
... Drosophila spp. Have well developed innate immune system The first defense molecules in evolutionary terms were probably antimicrobial peptides, produced by plants and animals ...
The Immune system
... The Th cell secretes interleukin 2 This chemical causes B-cells to multiply (form clones) Some clones set aside as memory cells Once B-cell activated are called plasma cells These cells are short lived (4-5 days) but secrete up to 2000 antibody molecules per second! ...
... The Th cell secretes interleukin 2 This chemical causes B-cells to multiply (form clones) Some clones set aside as memory cells Once B-cell activated are called plasma cells These cells are short lived (4-5 days) but secrete up to 2000 antibody molecules per second! ...
Name ______ Class __________ Date _____________ Immune
... A strong immune system works so well and so quietly that we often don’t realize how many times it has saved our lives. However, some people have a deficiency in their immune system where something is missing or does not work properly. When the immune system does not function properly, the body is un ...
... A strong immune system works so well and so quietly that we often don’t realize how many times it has saved our lives. However, some people have a deficiency in their immune system where something is missing or does not work properly. When the immune system does not function properly, the body is un ...
13 The Lymphatic System and Immunity
... provide antibody-mediated immunity by producing antibodies against foreign antigens and T lymphocytes provide cell-mediated immunity by directly attacking cells which bear antigens recognized as foreign to the body. Antibodies produced by B cells bind to specific antigens on the surfaces of microbes ...
... provide antibody-mediated immunity by producing antibodies against foreign antigens and T lymphocytes provide cell-mediated immunity by directly attacking cells which bear antigens recognized as foreign to the body. Antibodies produced by B cells bind to specific antigens on the surfaces of microbes ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.